scholarly journals Performance and carcass characteristics of cattle fed lipid sources in the diet

2016 ◽  
Vol 96 (4) ◽  
pp. 581-588 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erico da Silva Lima ◽  
Jozivaldo Prudêncio Gomes de Morais ◽  
Roberto de Oliveira Roça ◽  
Tiago Neves Pereira Valente ◽  
Ernani Nery de Andrade ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Nellore Cattle ◽  
Fat Thickness ◽  
Whole Cottonseed ◽  
Forage:Concentrate Ratio

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of the inclusion of different lipid sources [whole cottonseed (CS) and protected fat in diets containing sugarcane, corn, citrus pulp, CS meal, and urea] on animal performance, hot carcass dressing (HCD), ribeye area (RA), fat thickness (FT), and postmortem pH of the meat of Nellore cattle during finishing. The treatments evaluated were feed with 2.50% CS (control diet, T1 treatment); feed with 11.50% CS (high CS, T2 treatment); and feed with 3.13% CS added of protected lipid (PL) (T3 treatment), all on a DM basis. The forage:concentrate ratio of the diet was 50:50. Thirty-nine intact steers with average initial body weight of 494 kg and 36 months old were confined for 63 d. The addition of lipid sources tested in this study did not affect dry matter intake, crude protein intake, neutral detergent fiber intake, final live weight, average daily weight gain, HCD, RA, FT, and meat pH. It was concluded that the addition of PLs in the diet did not affect weight gain and carcass characteristics.

scholarly journals Effect of replacing maize with graded levels of sweet potato vine – cassava composite meal on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, carcass characteristics and economics of production of weaned rabbits

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 116-123
Author(s):  
D. T. Shaahu ◽  
S. M. Tiough
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Potato Vine ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Sweet Potato Vine

The study was carried out to determine the feed value of replacing maize with graded levels of sweet potato vine – cassava composite meal (SPV-CCM) to rabbits. Five treatment diets were formulated to contain SPV-CCM inclusion levels of 0% (control), 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%. Thirty weaned rabbits of mixed breeds and sexes were used for the experiment. They were randomly allocated to five dietary treatments with one rabbit as a replicate in a completely randomized design. Feed and water were provided ad libitum. Parameters measured were that of growth, digestibility, carcass and economics of production. The result showed that there was no significant (P>0.05) difference effect on final weight, total weight gain, daily weight gain and feed conversion ratio across the dietary treatments. There was no significant (P>0.05) difference on crude protein digestibility, crude fibre and ether extract which were within the required values for rabbit. There was no significant (P>0.05) difference on live weight at slaughter, dressing percentage, heart, liver, kidney, lungs/trachea, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, caecum, large intestine and visceral fat, there was however, a significant (P<0.05) difference in dressed weight, pancreases, spleen and kidney fat. A high cost of feeding, cost per kilogram diet and production was recorded in T and low cost of feeding, cost per kilogram diet and production in T . The result showed that 1 5 maize could be replaced by SPV-CCM up to 100% without any adverse effect on their performance, nutrient digestibility and carcass characteristics. However, the optimum performance was observed when 75% SPV-CCM replaced maize in the diet. Replacement of maize with SPV-CCM has relative cost advantage over the control diet and so should be incorporated in the diet of rabbit up to the level considered in this study. 

Growth response, economics of production, carcass characteristics and blood profile of weaner rabbits fed ensiled cassava root-leaf blends (ECRLB) as a replacement for maize

2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 152-165
Author(s):  
A. T. Amos ◽  
A. O. Oso ◽  
O. J. Durojaiye ◽  
K. Agazue ◽  
A. O. Obanla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Blood Profile ◽  
Cassava Root ◽  
Randomized Design

In a 56-day feeding trial, an experiment was conducted to determine the effects of replacing maize with different levels of ensiled cassava root-leaf blends (ECRLB) on growth, carcass yield, blood profile and economics of production of weaner rabbits. Five experimental diets were formulated and fed to the animals; diet 1= a maize based diet (control diet), diet 2= 30% maize + 10% ECRLB, diet 3 = 20% maize + 20% ECRLB, diet 4= 10 % maize + 30% ECRLB, diet 5= 40% ECRLB. A total number of forty weaner rabbits with an initial average weight of 574.09g±20.03g were randomly allocated to the five dietary treatments in a completely randomized design (CRD) with eight animals per treatment. Data were collected on growth indices, economics of production, carcass characteristics and blood profile Increased (P<0.05) weight gain was observed as the percentage inclusion of ECRLB increased. Rabbits on diet 4 (10 % maize + 30% ECRLB) and 5 (40% ECRLB) recorded the highest (P<0.05) daily weight gain with a corresponding highest (P<0.5) final body weight. Similar FCR were recorded across the treatments Economics of production of animals on diets containing 30 and 40% ECRLB was the best (P<0.05). Carcass indices were not significantly (P>0.0) affected by the experimental diets. Rabbits fed ECRLB recorded lower (P<0.05) serum cholesterol and higher (P<0.05) serum glucose concentration compared to control. In conclusion dietary inclusion of ECRLB up to 40% improved performance and did not show any deleterious effects on all indices examined and is recommended.     Au cours d'un essai d'alimentation de 56 jours, une expérience a été menée pour déterminer les effets du remplacement du maïs par différents niveaux de mélanges racines-feuilles de manioc ensilées (le 'ECRLB) sur la croissance, le rendement de carcasses, le profil sanguin et l'économie de la production de lapins sevrés. Cinq régimes expérimentaux ont été formulés et nourris aux animaux ; régime 1= régime à base de maïs (régime de contrôle), régime 2= 30% maïs + 10% ECRLB, régime 3 = 20% maïs + 20% ECRLB, régime 4= 10% maïs + 30% ECRLB, régime 5= 40% ECRLB. Un nombre total de quarante lapins sevrés d'un poids moyen initial de 574,09 g±20,03 g ont été attribués au hasard aux cinq traitements diététiques dans une conception complètement randomisée (CRD) avec huit animaux par traitement. Des données ont été recueillies sur les indices de croissance, l'économie de la production, les caractéristiques de la carcasse et le profil sanguin. Le gain de poids accru (P<0,05) a été observé à mesure que l'inclusion en pourcentage de l'ECRLB augmentait. Les lapins de l'alimentation 4 (10 % de maïs + 30 % d'ECRLB) et 5 (40 % d'ECRLB) ont enregistré le gain de poids quotidien le plus élevé (P<0,05) avec un poids corporel final correspondant le plus élevé (P<0,5). Les 'FCR' similaires ont été enregistrés à travers les traitements Économie de la production d'animaux sur les régimes contenant 30 et 40% ECRLB a été le meilleur (P<0,05). Les Indices carcasse n'étaient pas significativement (P>0,0) affectés par les régimes expérimentaux. Les lapins nourris à l'ECRLB ont enregistré un taux de cholestérol sérique inférieur (P<0,05) et une concentration plus élevée de glucose sérique (P<0,05) par rapport au contrôle. En conclusion, l'inclusion alimentaire de l'ECRLB jusqu'à 40 % a amélioré les performances et n'a pas montré d'effets délétères sur tous les indices examinés et est recommandée.

scholarly journals Performance and metabolic profiles of confined Ile de France lambs fed soybean grains in natura

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. e295996877
Author(s):  
Giovani Ogliari ◽  
Julcemar Dias Kessler ◽  
José Franscisco Manta Bragança ◽  
Anderson Elias Bianchi ◽  
Aline Zampar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Metabolic Profiles ◽  
Whole Grain

Soybeans in natura can be used in the feed of confined animals as a source of protein and energy. We measured consumption, performance, in vivo biometry, and metabolic profiles lambs fed whole grain soybean in natura. We used Ile de France breed lambs, weaned and confined in a completely randomized design with six repetitions and three treatments: Control, soybean grain (SG) 6.25%, and SG 14% (based on dry matter) in feed. The control and SG 6.25% groups showed higher average daily gain (0.296 kg/day) and total weight gain (17.57 kg) than did the SG 14% group. There were no differences among groups in terms of consumption of dry matter, protein, neutral detergent fiber, acidic detergent fiber, or feed conversion. The inclusion of soybean grain was associated with linear increases in consumption of ethereal extract, and in percentage of live weight. There were no differences among groups in terms of concentrations of studied metabolites. Regarding in vivo biometrics, the control treatment and SG 6.25% groups were superior in terms of conformation and body conditions. Inclusion of soybean whole grain in natura in the feed of confined lambs may be reduced consumption of dry matter and average daily weight gain.

scholarly journals Effects of age on intake, growth, nutrient utilization and carcass characteristics of castrated native sheep

1970 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 62-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
N Sultana ◽  
SMJ Hossain ◽  
SA Chowdhury ◽  
MR Hassan ◽  
M Ershaduzzaman
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Nutrient Utilization ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
Native Sheep

Twenty four castrated native sheep were grouped (six/group) into four: T1 >3 to ≤ 6; T2 > 6 to ≤ 9; T3 >9 to ≤12 and T4 >12 to ≤ 15 months. Through out the 63 days of experimental period, animals were offered ad libitum urea (3%), molasses (15%) and straw (82%) as a basal diet with concentrate mixture [14% crude protein (CP) & 11.5 MJ metabolizing energy (ME) per kg Dry Matter (DM)] @ 1% of live weight. Five days metabolic trial was conducted towards the end of the feeding trial. Besides, fortnightly live weight change, daily nutrient intake, carcass yield and carcass characteristics were studied. Daily weight gain decreased (P<0.05) with the increasing in age and the growth rate were 79, 63, 55 and 44g/day for T1, T2, T3 and T4, respectively. Higher growth rate in T1 was due to animal's inherent self-accelerated phase of growth. Feed conversion ratio (FCR; kg feed/kg live weight gain) was significantly (P<0.001) better in T1 (9.2) followed by T2 (13.8), T3 (17.7) and T4 (21.7). Cost per kg of carcass production was lower in T1 (Taka: 239), but the production cost increased in T2 (Taka: 357), T3 (Taka: 440) and T4 (Taka: 515). DM intake (g/kg W0.75) decreased with the increase in age and weight. For each gram increased in live weight gain, it required 7.7 kJ ME and animals achieved zero live weight gain (maintenance energy level) at 377 kJ/kg W0.75/d ME intake. Slaughtered weight, warmed carcass weight and dressing yield (%) of native sheep increased with advancement of age. Dressing yields were 48.5, 49, 51.4 and 55.5% for T1, T2, T3 and T4, respectively. Fat percent increased with increasing age and body fat as percent of live weight were 5.6, 7.7 15.5 and 20.6, respectively for the T1, T2, T3 and T4. As a part of total carcass, the proportional yield of tender loin and hind leg chump, most valued retail cut, decreased with the increased animal age. In the present trial, body weight gain at early stage (6-8 months of age) of life was more economical than at the later stage of life. It is suggests that the optimum market/slaughter age for native sheep maintained under these feeding and management would be at around eight months of age. DOI: 10.3329/bvet.v27i2.7556 Bangl. vet. 2010. Vol. 27, No. 2, 62-73

Comparison of Fattening, Slaughtering and Carcass Characteristics of Different Genotype Lambs Grown in Turkey

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Engin Yaralı
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Carcass Yield ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
Fattening Performance ◽  
Animal Material ◽  
Dressing Percentage ◽  
Fattening Period

In this study, it was aimed to determine the fattening performance, slaughter and carcass characteristics of lambs of Eþme Kývýrcýðý (EKIV), Bursa Kývýrcýðý (BKIV), Çine Çaparý (CC) and Karya (KAR) sheeps. A total of 37 male lambs at the age of 3.5 months formed the animal material. Fattening period is 56 days. During slaughtering, head, feet, skin, liver, hot carcass weights were determined and hot carcass yield was calculated. Each carcass was cut out into 7 parts. The overall average of daily weight gain was 144.82 g. While the highest daily live weight gain was observed in the KAR, the CC had the lowest value. The total share of the rump, shoulders, back and arms are 57.65%, 66.85%, 65.80% and 67.12% for CC, EKIV, KAR and BKIV, respectively. The effect of the genotype on all the characteristics other than cooling loss is important. In terms of dressing percentage value, the ranking was CC, BKIV, KAR and EKIV from the highest to the lowest.

scholarly journals Cactus Pear as Roughage Source Feeding Confined Lambs: Performance, Carcass Characteristics, and Economic Analysis

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 625
Author(s):  
Kleitiane Balduíno da Silva ◽  
Juliana Silva de Oliveira ◽  
Edson Mauro Santos ◽  
João Paulo de Farias Ramos ◽  
Felipe Queiroga Cartaxo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Wheat Bran ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Cactus Pear ◽  
Randomized Design

The effect of diets containing 0% of wheat bran levels (control buffel grass and cactus pear) contrasted with diets with cactus pear as the only forage source and wheat bran levels (30; 37 and 44%) on nutrient digestibility, feed intake, animal performance, carcass characteristics, and economic analysis was evaluated. Twenty-eight male, non-castrated crossbred lambs (22.6 ± 2.37 kg) were submitted to confinement for 62 days. A completely randomized design was used with four treatments and seven repetitions. Four diets were formulated considering an intended mean daily weight gain of 200 g/animal/day. Means were compared by contrasts using Dunnett test at 5%. Animals fed cactus pear as the only roughage source (diets with 30; 37, and 44% of wheat bran) had lower dry matter intake and nutrient intake, Average Dairy Gain, and total weight gain than animals fed the control diet. Final body weight and slaughter weight of animals fed 44% of wheat bran was similar to the animals fed the control diet. Hot and cold carcass yields were higher in animals fed cactus pear and 30 and 37% of wheat bran. Feeding costs were lower when cactus pear was used as the only roughage source associated with wheat bran and consequently profit was greater. The use of cactus pear as the only roughage source associated with up to 44% of wheat bran is a viable alternative of the diet to confined lambs without modifying carcass characteristics with greater cost:benefit ratio.

scholarly journals Performance of weaned male rabbits fed varied levels of dietary fumonisin B1

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 146-152
Author(s):  
E. O Ewuola ◽  
F. A Gbore ◽  
J. T Ogunlade ◽  
G. N Egbunike
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Fumonisin B1 ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Dietary Treatments

In a six-week feeding trial, a total of 48 crossbred weaned male rabbits of 7 weeks old were randomly allotted to four dietary treatments, with 12 replicates per treatment to determine growth indices and nutrient digestibility of rabbits fed fumonisin-contaminated diets. Maize grains contaminated with fumonisin B1 were incorporated into rabbit diets excluding the control diet (treatment 1, 0.13mgKg-1), at varied inclusion levels of 5.0mgKg-1, 7.5mgKg-1 and 10.0mgKg-1 fumonisin B1, constituting treatments 2, 3 and 4 respectively. The results showed that the average final live weight of rabbits fed treatments 3 and 4 were significantly (P<0.05) lower than those fed treatment 2 and the control. The average daily dry matter intake of the animals fed the dietary treatments was not significantly different. The mean daily weight gain of rabbits fed 5.0mgkg-1, 7.5mgKg-1 and 10.0mgKg-1 however declined significantly (P<0.05) by 91.23, 83.92 and 81.88% respectively, relative to the mean daily weight gain of 12.31g/rabbit/day of animals fed the control diet. The result further showed that digestibility of the nutrients of the experimental diets except crude protein, were similar among the treatments. The crude protein digestibility of rabbits fed 7.5mgKg-1and 10.0mgKg-1 were identical but significantly (P<0.05) lower than those fed 5.0mgKg-1 and the control diet. This suggests inhibition of nitrogen utilization and depressed performance in the animals fed diets containing ≥ 5.0mg fumonisin B1/Kg. Diets containing up to 7.5 mg fumonisin B1/Kg will depress live weight and daily weight gain as a result of reduced protein utilization in weaned rabbits.  

scholarly journals Performance, carcass, organs, haematology and serum biochemical indices of rabbits fed graded levels of mulberry leaf meal in replacement of soybean meal

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 166-176
Author(s):  
R. Olajide ◽  
A. W. Garus-Alaka
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Leaf Meal ◽  
Mulberry Leaf ◽  
Dietary Treatments

This study examined the nutritional value of Mulberry leaf meal (MLM) as substitute for soybean meal (SBM) at graded levels. Forty cross-bred young rabbits of mixed sexes used for the study were purchased from a reputable farm in Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria. The animals were balanced for the initial weight and randomly allocated to five experimental dietary treatments of 8 rabbits per treatment. There were 4 replicates of 2 rabbits per replicate. The rabbits were provided with pelletized experimental diets and clean water ad libitum for 2 weeks pre-experimental period and thereafter for 8 weeks during which data were collected. Five (5) diets containing 0 (0.00% MLM, control), 25 (1.25% MLM), 50 (2.50% MLM), 75 (3.75% MLM) and 100% (5.00% MLM) as replacement for SBM were formulated and contained ME ranging from 2617 – 2661 kcal/kg and crude protein ranging from 15.01 – 16.00%. The average daily weight gain (8.71 g/R/d) obtained in control was similar to 8.03 g/R/d (25.00% MLM), and both significantly (P < 0.05) reduced to 6.75 g/R/d (50.00% MLM), 6.73 g/R/d (75.00% MLM) and 5.98 g/R/d (100.00% MLM). The average daily feed intake (60.08 g/R/d) obtained in animals fed the control diet reduced (P < 0.05) to 53.44 g/R/d (25.00% MLM), 53.44 g/R/d (50.00% MLM), 55.36 g/R/d (75.00% MLM) and 51.52g/R/d (100.00% MLM) respectively. Cost of feed per kg live weight gain were ? 471.39 (0.00% MLM), ? 396.80 (25.00% MLM), ? 459.52 (50.00% MLM), ? 454.67 (75.00% MLM), and ? 473.24 (100.00% MLM). The percentage dressed weight, head, feet, shoulder, loin, thigh and fore legs were significantly (P < 0.05) affected by the dietary treatments. The highest dressed weight (55.12%) was obtained in rabbits fed 0.00% MLM-based diet compared with 45.51, 46.32, 50.28 and 44.88% respectively in animals fed 25.00, 50.00, 75.00 and 100.00% MLM. All the organs (heart, lung, kidney and stomach) except the liver were significantly (P < 0.05) affected by the dietary treatments. All haematological (haemoglobin, packed cell volume, white blood cell and red blood cell); and serum (glucose and total protein) metabolites except albumin investigated were significantly (P < 0.05) influenced by the dietary treatments. It was concluded that MLM can economically replace 75% SBM (5%) in growing rabbits' diets; but 25% (1.25%) level of substitution was the cheapest and most economical level with no deleterious effects on carcass and health status of the animals.

scholarly journals Moringa leaf meal supplementation for sheep: Effect on weight gain, blood serum chemistry and carcass characteristics

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-196
Author(s):  
K. A. Sanwo ◽  
A. O. Yusuf ◽  
S. O. Iposu ◽  
O. O. Omotosho ◽  
N. Okwelum
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
West African ◽  
Serum Chemistry ◽  
West African Dwarf ◽  
Leaf Meal ◽  
West African Dwarf Sheep ◽  
Dwarf Sheep

This study was conducted to assess growth performance, serum chemistry and carcass characteristics of West African Dwarf sheep fed varying levels of Moringa oleifera leaf meal (MLM) as concentrate diets. Eighteen growing sheep of varying live weights (9-17kg) were divided into three groups that comprised six animals each, and balanced for live weight. Each group was fed one of three experimental diets containing 0% (control diet), 5% and 10% MLM, respectively, for 37 days after a 21--day quarantine period in a completely randomized design; each animal being considered a replicate. There were no treatment effects on live weight gain (P>0.05) and serum chemistry except on alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase where highest values (20.33 and 128.33 TU/L, respectively) were recorded in the control-diet sheep. Apart from Urea, chemistry were within normal reference range for clinically healthy animals. However, there were significant (p<0.05) differences in dressing percentage, breast muscle and liver weight, with highest values of 94.42% (in 10% MLM), 1.68 % (in 5% MLM), and 1.84 % (in 5% MLM), respectively. Thus, inclusion of up to 10% MLM in concentrate diet may not cause any major health disorders in West African dwarf sheep while supplementation at 5% level may improve carcass quality.

scholarly journals Evaluation of rice offal as energy source for fattening Bunaji bulls

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 185-206
Author(s):  
R. T. Sani ◽  
O. S. Lamidi ◽  
G. E. Johktan
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Parboiled Rice ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Cost

A study was conducted using 20 Bunaji bulls with a live weight range of 210-249kg and age range of 2-3 years to evaluate the feeding value of raw or parboiled rice offal as energy source for bull fattening. Four bulls per treatment were allotted to five dietary treatments in a 2x2 factorial arrangement with a common control. Feeding trials was conducted for 90 days. A concentrate and basal diets of Digitaria smutsii were offered at 2% body weight. The proximate and mineral composition of the feed ingredients showed that raw rice offal (RRO) had 7.69% CP, 6.64% hemicellulose and 24.86% silica while parboiled rice offal had (PRO) 4.38% CP, 6.10% hemicellulose and 36.91% silica. The CP contents of the experimental diets vary between 19.69 and 20.44% while the ME ranged from 10.86 to 11.16MJ/kg DM. The crude fibre varies from 14.59 to 17.84%. The result of the fattening trial showed that there was no significant (P>0.05) difference in concentrate, hay, total dry matter intakes and daily weight gain of bulls fed the control diet (NRO) and diets containing RRO and PRO. Inclusion level of rice offal had no significant effect (P>0.05) on intake of concentrate, hay and total feed intake. However, live weight gain of the bulls on the control diet was significantly (P<0.05) higher than bulls on 20 and 30% rice offal inclusion The intake of concentrate, hay, total feed and daily live weight gain of the bulls were similar (P>0.05) irrespective of type and inclusion levels of the rice offal. All the bulls experimented attained an average weight gain of between 1.11Kg to 1.29Kg which was above 1Kg. Economic parameters such as cost per Kg gain, net benefit (NB) and return to naira invested on feed (RIF) were similar (P>0.05) for bulls on both RRO and PRO. There was no significant (P>0.05) differences in the Value of weight gain (VWG), NB, RIF, Cost of feed and Cost per Kg gain for bulls on varying levels of inclusion of RRO or PRO. The inclusion of raw rice offal or parboiled rice offal lead to reduction in feed cost from N25,001.10 to a range of N22,115.50-N23,639.6 (about 5.45%-11.54% reduction in feed cost). It was concluded from this trial that rice offal of all kind (raw or parboiled) may be used to replace up to 30% of maize offal as source of energy in the fattening diet of Bunaji bulls without any detrimental effect on live weight. Hence it can be adopted by farmers.

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