Morphoanatomy of Schultesia pachyphylla (Gentianaceae): a discordant pattern in the genus

Schultesia Mart. comprises 21 closely related taxa. The revision of the genus showed that Schultesia pachyphylla Griseb. and Xestaea lisianthoides Griseb. are different from other species. The aim of this study was to describe the morphoanatomy of S. pachyphylla, comparing it with other Schultesia species and X. lisianthoides, and to provide data on their geographical distribution and habitat. Morphological and anatomical data were subjected to multivariate analysis. Schultesia pachyphylla is endemic to the state of Bahia, Brazil, and is separated from the other species by having 5-merous flowers, 5-winged calyx, wings between the calyx lobes, loss of interveinal tissue on sepals during fruit maturation, dark red colored immature calyces, capsules opening from base to apex, 3-anaporate pollen grains, and epidermal papillae evident in the field. Schultesia pachyphylla has amphistomatic leaves with anisocytic stomata, uniseriate epidermis, dorsiventral mesophyll, and bicollateral vascular bundles. The stem has small wings, cortical and medullary parenchyma, and internal phloem. Foliar colleters and nectaries on leaves and stem were observed. We believe that morphological and anatomical data could support the creation of a monotypic genus or the relocation of this species into another genus. Phylogenetic analyses are in progress to define the species’ positioning.

Download Full-text

Cylindrosporus flavidus gen. et comb. nov. (Hymenochaetales, Basidiomycota) segregated from Onnia

Phytotaxa ◽

10.11646/phytotaxa.219.3.7 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 219 (3) ◽

pp. 276 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Li-Wei Zhou

Keyword(s):

Phylogenetic Analyses ◽

The Other ◽

Current Concept ◽

New Combination ◽

Monotypic Genus ◽

Molecular Test ◽

Thin Walled ◽

First Time

Onnia is one of the seven genera of Inonotus s.l., belonging to Hymenochaetaceae. According to the current concept, Onnia differs from the other six genera of Inonotus s.l. mainly by its either stipitate or sessile basidiocarps, duplex context, presence of hymenial setae and hyaline, thin-walled basidiospores. As the only species with sessile basidiocarps and cylindrical basidiospores in Onnia, O. flavida was transferred from Inonotus without molecular test. In this study, for the first time, Onnia flavida is included in nLSU- and ITS-based phylogenetic analyses. Phylogenetic analyses showed that Onnia flavida belonged to Hymenochaetaceae and was clearly separated from Onnia and other six genera of Inonotus s.l. Moreover, there is no other current genus in Hymenochaetaceae fit to accommodate this species from both morphological and phylogenetic perspectives. Therefore, a monotypic genus Cylindrosporus is newly proposed to accommodate the new combination C. flavidus. The distinct characters of Cylindrosporus that distinguish it from other morphologically and phylogenetically related genera are discussed.

Download Full-text

Phylogeny of hymenolepidids (Cestoda: Cyclophyllidea) from mammals: sequences of 18S rRNA and COI genes confirm major clades revealed by the 28S rRNA analyses

Journal of Helminthology ◽

10.1017/s0022149x21000110 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 95 ◽

Author(s):

B. Neov ◽

G.P. Vasileva ◽

G. Radoslavov ◽

P. Hristov ◽

D.T.J. Littlewood ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ribosomal Rna ◽

18S Rrna ◽

Phylogenetic Analyses ◽

The Other ◽

Rrna Genes ◽

Host Switching ◽

28S Rrna ◽

Mitochondrial Cytochrome ◽

Rapid Radiation ◽

18S Rrna Genes

Abstract The aim of the study is to test a hypothesis for the phylogenetic relationships among mammalian hymenolepidid tapeworms, based on partial (D1–D3) nuclear 28S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes, by estimating new molecular phylogenies for the group based on partial mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) and nuclear 18S rRNA genes, as well as a combined analysis using all three genes. New sequences of COI and 18S rRNA genes were obtained for Coronacanthus integrus, C. magnihamatus, C. omissus, C. vassilevi, Ditestolepis diaphana, Lineolepis scutigera, Spasskylepis ovaluteri, Staphylocystis tiara, S. furcata, S. uncinata, Vaucherilepis trichophorus and Neoskrjabinolepis sp. The phylogenetic analyses confirmed the major clades identified by Haukisalmi et al. (Zoologica Scripta 39: 631–641, 2010): Ditestolepis clade, Hymenolepis clade, Rodentolepis clade and Arostrilepis clade. While the Ditestolepis clade is associated with soricids, the structure of the other three clades suggests multiple evolutionary events of host switching between shrews and rodents. Two of the present analyses (18S rRNA and COI genes) show that the basal relationships of the four mammalian clades are branching at the same polytomy with several hymenolepidids from birds (both terrestrial and aquatic). This may indicate a rapid radiation of the group, with multiple events of colonizations of mammalian hosts by avian parasites.

Download Full-text

Impact of Lymphovascular Invasion on Prognosis in the Patients with Bladder Cancer—Comparison of Transurethral Resection and Radical Cystectomy

Diagnostics ◽

10.3390/diagnostics11020244 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 244

Author(s):

Kei Yoneda ◽

Naoto Kamiya ◽

Takanobu Utsumi ◽

Ken Wakai ◽

Ryo Oka ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Multivariate Analysis ◽

Radical Cystectomy ◽

Transurethral Resection ◽

Lymphovascular Invasion ◽

Medical Center ◽

Univariate Analysis ◽

The Other ◽

Significant Prognostic Factor ◽

Cancer Specific Survival ◽

Positive Results

(1) Background: This study aimed to evaluate the associations of lymphovascular invasion (LVI) at first transurethral resection of bladder (TURBT) and radical cystectomy (RC) with survival outcomes, and to evaluate the concordance between LVI at first TURBT and RC. (2) Methods: We analyzed 216 patients who underwent first TURBT and 64 patients who underwent RC at Toho University Sakura Medical Center. (3) Results: LVI was identified in 22.7% of patients who underwent first TURBT, and in 32.8% of patients who underwent RC. Univariate analysis identified ≥cT3, metastasis and LVI at first TURBT as factors significantly associated with overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS). Multivariate analysis identified metastasis (hazard ratio (HR) 6.560, p = 0.009) and LVI at first TURBT (HR 9.205, p = 0.003) as significant predictors of CSS. On the other hand, in patients who underwent RC, ≥pT3, presence of G3 and LVI was significantly associated with OS and CSS in univariate analysis. Multivariate analysis identified inclusion of G3 as a significant predictor of OS and CSS. The concordance rate between LVI at first TURBT and RC was 48.0%. Patients with positive results for LVI at first TURBT and RC displayed poorer prognosis than other patients (p < 0.05). (4) Conclusions: We found that the combination of LVI at first TURBT and RC was likely to provide a more significant prognostic factor.

Download Full-text

Resolving Phylogenetic Relationships within Passeriformes Based on Mitochondrial Genes and Inferring the Evolution of Their Mitogenomes in Terms of Duplications

Genome Biology and Evolution ◽

10.1093/gbe/evz209 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (10) ◽

pp. 2824-2849 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Paweł Mackiewicz ◽

Adam Dawid Urantówka ◽

Aleksandra Kroczak ◽

Dorota Mackiewicz

Keyword(s):

Phylogenetic Analyses ◽

Mitochondrial Genes ◽

The Other ◽

Phylogenetic Position ◽

Evolutionary Relationships ◽

Mitochondrial Genomes ◽

Ancestral State ◽

Phylogenetic Information ◽

Long Time ◽

Tree Topologies

Abstract Mitochondrial genes are placed on one molecule, which implies that they should carry consistent phylogenetic information. Following this advantage, we present a well-supported phylogeny based on mitochondrial genomes from almost 300 representatives of Passeriformes, the most numerous and differentiated Aves order. The analyses resolved the phylogenetic position of paraphyletic Basal and Transitional Oscines. Passerida occurred divided into two groups, one containing Paroidea and Sylvioidea, whereas the other, Passeroidea and Muscicapoidea. Analyses of mitogenomes showed four types of rearrangements including a duplicated control region (CR) with adjacent genes. Mapping the presence and absence of duplications onto the phylogenetic tree revealed that the duplication was the ancestral state for passerines and was maintained in early diverged lineages. Next, the duplication could be lost and occurred independently at least four times according to the most parsimonious scenario. In some lineages, two CR copies have been inherited from an ancient duplication and highly diverged, whereas in others, the second copy became similar to the first one due to concerted evolution. The second CR copies accumulated over twice as many substitutions as the first ones. However, the second CRs were not completely eliminated and were retained for a long time, which suggests that both regions can fulfill an important role in mitogenomes. Phylogenetic analyses based on CR sequences subjected to the complex evolution can produce tree topologies inconsistent with real evolutionary relationships between species. Passerines with two CRs showed a higher metabolic rate in relation to their body mass.

Download Full-text

Systematic studies in Paniceae (Poaceae): Homopholis and Whalleya gen. et sp. nov.

Australian Systematic Botany ◽

10.1071/sb99007 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 437 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Karen E. Wills ◽

R. D. B. Whalley ◽

Jeremy J. Bruhl

Keyword(s):

Sister Group ◽

The Other ◽

Sister Species ◽

Parsimonious Tree ◽

The Third ◽

Putative Species ◽

Anatomical Data ◽

Cladistic Analyses

The taxonomy ofHomopholis C.E.Hubb. is revised, and anew genus Whalleya K.E.Wills & J.J.Bruhl isdescribed. Relationships among the known species ofHomopholis (H. belsonii C.E.Hubb.,H. proluta F.Muell., and a putative species,H. sp. nov.), and the relationships betweenHomopholis and other genera within the Paniceae were investigated. Morphological and anatomical data forHomopholis and selected species ofDigitaria and Panicum were analysed phenetically and cladistically. The value and contribution ofcharacters to the findings were assessed. In the phenetic analyses, threedistinct clusters of species were formed. The first cluster includedDigitaria coenicola (F.Muell.) Hughes,D. divaricatissima (R.Br.) Hughes andD. papposa (R.Br.) P.Beauv.; the second,Panicum effusum R.Br.,P. queenslandicum Domin var.queenslandicum and P. simileDomin; and the third, H. sp. nov.,H. proluta, H. belsonii andP. subxerophilum Domin. Specimens ofH. belsonii noticeably separated from the other threespecies. For the cladistic analyses, species ofEntolasia and Thyridolepis were used as outgroup taxa. One most parsimonious tree was produced.Homopholis belsonii was well supported as the most basalmember of the ingroup. The three species ofDigitariaformed a well-supported clade.Panicum effusum, P. queenslandicumvar. queenslandicum and P. simileformed a well-supported clade, and were the sister group toEntolasia marginata (R.Br.) Hughes andE. stricta (R.Br.) Hughes.Panicum subxerophilum was in a clade (=Whalleya) with H. sp. nov. andH. proluta, with P. subxerophilumand H. proluta as sister species.

Download Full-text

Aspidistra revoluta, a new species from limestone areas in Chongqing, China

Phytotaxa ◽

10.11646/phytotaxa.257.3.6 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 257 (3) ◽

pp. 280 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Hao Zhou ◽

Si-rong Yi ◽

Qi Gao ◽

Jie Huang ◽

Yu-jing Wei

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

Chromosome Number ◽

Average Length ◽

Chromosome Complement ◽

Pollen Grains ◽

The Other ◽

Morphological Comparison ◽

Chongqing Municipality ◽

Karyotype Asymmetry ◽

A New Species

Aspidistra revoluta (Asparagaceae) is described and illustrated as a new species from limestone areas in southern Chongqing Municipality, China. The new species can be distinguished from the other Aspidistra species by its unique umbrella-like pistil with large revolute stigma lobes that bent downwards and touch the base of the perigone. A detailed morphological comparison among A. revoluta, A. nanchuanensis and A. carnosa is provided. The pollen grains of A. revoluta are subspherical and inaperturate, with verrucous exine. The chromosome number is 2n = 38, and the karyotype is formulated as 2n = 22m + 6sm + 10st. The average length of chromosome complement is 4.50 μm, and the karyotype asymmetry indexes A1 and A2 are respectively 0.37±0.03 and 0.49±0.01.

Download Full-text

Diversity, morphology, and phylogeny of coleoid cephalopods from the Upper Cretaceous Plattenkalks of Lebanon-Part I: Prototeuthidina

Journal of Paleontology ◽

10.1666/10-089.1 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 85 (2) ◽

pp. 234-249 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

Dirk Fuchs ◽

Neal Larson

Keyword(s):

Digestive Tract ◽

Upper Cretaceous ◽

Soft Part ◽

Phylogenetic Analyses ◽

Early Jurassic ◽

The Other ◽

Large Collection ◽

Shaped Body ◽

Cretaceous Deposits

Morphologic analyses of a large collection of coleoid cephalopods from the Lebanese Upper Cretaceous yielded a much higher diversity than previously assumed and revealed numerous extraordinarily well-preserved, soft-part characters. An analysis of the Prototeuthidina, a gladius-bearing group with a slender torpedo-shaped body, revealed two species:Dorateuthis syriacaandBoreopeltis smithin. sp. Previously unknown soft-part characters, such as the digestive tract, the gills, and the cephalic cartilage considerably improved our knowledge ofD. syriaca.Since none of the investigated specimens show more than eight arms, similarities with modern squids are regarded as superficial.Boreopeltis smithin. sp. is erected on the basis of its comparatively wideParaplesioteuthis-like gladius. The latter species represents the first unambiguous record of this genus in Upper Cretaceous deposits. Phylogenetic analyses indicate that the prototeuthidid clade consists of two lineages. The plesioteuthidid lineage originates from early JurassicParaplesioteuthisand leads toPlesioteuthisandDorateuthis.The other lineage is morphologically more conservative and leads toBoreopeltis.

Download Full-text

The Ecology of the Western Swamp Tortoise Pseudemydura Umbrina (Testudines: Chelidae).

Wildlife Research ◽

10.1071/wr9810203 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 203 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

AA Burbidge

Keyword(s):

Water Temperature ◽

Aquatic Organisms ◽

The Other ◽

Restricted Range ◽

Monotypic Genus ◽

Insect Larvae ◽

Relict Species ◽

Desiccation Rate ◽

In The Wild ◽

Growth Activity

Western swamp tortoise (Pseudemydura umbrina) was rediscovered in Western Australia in 1954. It is a relict species of a monotypic genus, of very restricted range and specialized habitat. Population was estimated to be 13 to 45 and decreasing at 1 of its 2 native reserves and to be 10 to 45 and static at the other reserve. It does not use permanent water, but lives and feeds in ephemeral winter swamps and spends the other 6 to 9 months of the year in refuges in leaf litter, under fallen branches or in holes in the ground, in contact with the soil. The tortoise is carnivorous and in the wild takes only live aquatic organisms. Captive adults will not take meat until they have starved for many months. Stomach of 1 female (Edward, pers. commun.) had aquatic crustaceans, chiefly Eulimnadia sp., with insects and insect larvae, mainly Coleoptera and Diptera. Study of faeces confirmed that observation had shown that small tadpoles and an aquatic earthworm (Eodrilus cornigravei) were eaten also. Reproduction, growth, activity relative to body and water temperature, and desiccation rate, were noted. One adult female tortoise was eaten by a fox. Foxes and bandicoots (Isoodon obesulus) eat eggs of other tortoises and would eat those of P. umbrina. Hatchlings may be eaten by large wading birds such as straw-necked ibis (Threskiornis spinicollis) and white-faced heron (Notophoyx novaehollandiae).

Download Full-text

Tigridiopalma longmenensis (Melastomataceae), a new species from Guangdong, China

Phytotaxa ◽

10.11646/phytotaxa.500.3.8 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 500 (3) ◽

pp. 241-247

Author(s):

HUI-FENG WANG ◽

ZHENG-FENG WANG ◽

QIAO-MEI QIN ◽

HONG-LIN CAO ◽

XIAO-MING GUO

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

Chloroplast Genome ◽

Phylogenetic Analyses ◽

Monotypic Genus ◽

Distribution Map ◽

Complete Chloroplast Genome ◽

Chloroplast Genomes ◽

A New Species

Tigridiopalma longmenensis, a new species from Guangdong, China, is described. This species differs from its ally, T. magnifica, by the polychasium consisting of scorpioid cymes, hypanthium with carinas on angles, and longer stamens with a conspicuously white or pink spur at the connective base of anther. A diagnosis and a distribution map of the two species are also provided. The complete chloroplast genome of T. longmenensis was reported here. Phylogenetic analyses based on complete chloroplast genomes from T. longmenensis and other 15 Melastomataceae species indicated that T. longmenensis is sister to T. magnifica. The discovery of T. longmenensis terminates Tigridiopalma as a monotypic genus.

Download Full-text

Comparative morphological, anatomical, micromorphological, and palynological studies on the genera Opopanax and Crenosciadium (Apiaceae)

Phytotaxa ◽

10.11646/phytotaxa.372.1.3 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 372 (1) ◽

pp. 35 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

ÖZLEM ÇETIN ◽

MUSTAFA ÇELIK

Keyword(s):

Cross Sections ◽

Mediterranean Region ◽

Pollen Morphology ◽

Pollen Grains ◽

Molecular Data ◽

Monotypic Genus ◽

Western Asia ◽

The Family ◽

Surface Ornamentation ◽

Fruit Surface

In the present study, morphological, micromorphological, palynological and anatomical characteristics of the genera Opopanax and Crenosciadium are reviewed and compared. The genus Opopanax is distributed in southern Europe, the Mediterranean region and Western Asia, and it is represented by three species in Turkey. Crenosciadium is a poorly known monotypic genus from Turkey, recently treated as synonym in Opopanax. Expanded descriptions, phenology, geographic distributions, and images of habitus of Opopanax and Crenosciadium are given. The differences between the two genera are discussed. The pollen morphology of Opopanax and Crenosciadium is studied by SEM and LM. The palynological results confirmed the stenopalynous characteristic of the family Apiaceae, and revealed that the pollen grains of both genera are perprolate in shape. Also fruit surface ornamentation of both genera is typically striate, and epidermal cells are polygonal or elongated in one direction. Cross-sections of mature fruits are examined and a detailed anatomical description is presented. Mericarp shape and width are very useful characters for discrimination between Opopanax and Crenosciadium; mericarp ribs are also very significant characteristics to discriminate both genera. Our findings, together with previous molecular data, clearly indicate that Crenosciadium differs considerably from Opopanax, and therefore it should be accepted at genus rank.

Download Full-text