Expansion of the invasive European mistletoe in California, USA

Botany ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (9) ◽  
pp. 517-524
Author(s):  
David C. Shaw ◽  
Christopher A. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Host Species ◽  
Viscum Album ◽  
Survey Area ◽  
Riparian Areas ◽  
Species List ◽  
Hardwood Trees ◽  
Medicinal Use ◽  
Sonoma County

The horticulturist Luther Burbank introduced the European mistletoe (Viscum album L.) to Sebastopol, Sonoma County, California, USA, around 1900 to grow as a Christmas ornament crop and tincture for medicinal use. The mistletoe has since spread from the point of introduction on apple to other hardwood trees, especially non-native hardwoods in yards and farms of the region. Mistletoe surveys were previously conducted in 1971, 1986, and 1991. We re-surveyed the region in 2019, with emphasis on the 1991 perimeter, and documented the current farthest distribution of V. album. This represents a 120-year record of spread. We observed infected trees up to 24.6 km (15.3 miles) from the point of introduction, doubling the farthest distance reported in 1991. The estimated area encompassed by mistletoe-infected hosts increased from 184 km2 (71 miles2) in 1991 to 606 km2 (234 miles2) in 2019. We also updated the host species list including both native and non-native mistletoe hosts. Viscum album spread appears to be limited by available habitat and hosts, but within the survey area it is intensifying, concentrated in urban and semi-urban yards, streets, and farms. However, V. album was also commonly found in riparian areas, which have a large number of native hosts.

A checklist of metazoan parasites recorded in freshwater fish from Turkey

Zootaxa ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 394 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
AHMET ÖKTENER
Keyword(s):  
Freshwater Fish ◽  
Host Species ◽  
Parasite Species ◽  
Host Fish ◽  
Species List ◽  
Metazoan Parasites ◽  
Host List

A checklist of the metazoon parasites of freshwater fish in Turkey has been compiled from parasitological studies done in Turkey between 1964 and 2003. The parasite species list is arranged by phylum and class, providing parasite species name and author, host fish, location of host fish capture and author and date of published record. The host list consists of all parasite species listed by host species. One hundred and thirteen parasite species are listed from 41 host species belonging to 26 genera.

Taxonomic amendments of Southeast Asian newt species of the genera Pachytriton, Paramesotriton and Laotriton (Amphibia, Urodela, Salamandridae) parasitized by water mites of the subgenus Lurchibates (Hydrachnidia, Hygrobatidae, Hygrobates)

Zootaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4768 (2) ◽  
pp. 297-300
Author(s):  
KANTO NISHIKAWA ◽  
TOM GOLDSCHMIDT ◽  
SHIMPEI F. HIRUTA ◽  
SATOSHI SHIMANO
Keyword(s):  
Host Species ◽  
Parasite Species ◽  
Mite Species ◽  
Southeast Asian ◽  
Water Mites ◽  
Water Mite ◽  
Species List ◽  
Taxonomic Changes ◽  
Initial Description ◽  
Host Parasite

Hygrobates salamandrarum Goldschmidt, Gerecke and Alberti, 2002 (Acari, Hydrachnidia, Hygrobatidae) is the first-known water mite parasitizing adult newts. After its description, three further species of newt-parasitizing mites were described and the subgenus Lurchibates Goldschmidt and Fu, 2011 was proposed for the group, now containing four newt-parasitizing mites. Until now, each water mite species parasitizes a different newt species (Table 1), suggesting possible mite-newt co-speciation. In order to test this hypothesis, we need an accurate taxonomy of both of the hosts and parasites. However, the taxonomy of those Asian newt genera known to be parasitized by Lurchibates mites has been substantially revised after the initial description of the H. salamandrarum. To account for these taxonomic changes, we here revise the host-parasite species list and amend the host species name as shown in Table 1. 

scholarly journals Extent of infection by Viscum album L. and changes in its occurrence on ornamental woody species in the locality of Lednice (Czech Republic)

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-134
Author(s):  
Pavel Bulíř
Keyword(s):  
Host Species ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Robinia Pseudoacacia ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Viscum Album ◽  
Acer Pseudoplatanus ◽  
Tilia Cordata ◽  
Acer Campestre ◽  
Average Share ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe main goal of the research conducted in the Lednice chateau park was to map the current spectrum of host trees and shrubs. The aim of the investigation was also to record changes in the host species, namely between the years 1985 and 2016, and to get an overview of the extent and degree of mistletoe infection on the most significant tree species present in the park. Furthermore, the occurrence of mistletoe across the developmental stages of woody species was monitored. Apart from taxonomic changes also the quantitative extent and the degree of infection reported in the last 31 years, and the impact on the development stages of woody plants in the past 20 years were analysed. Among the most frequently infected taxa are currently: Acer campestre, Acer platanoides, Acer pseudoplatanus, Crataegus monogyna, Robinia pseudoacacia, Tilia cordata and Tilia platyphyllos. The average share of infected specimens of the above host species amounts to 34.28%. A distinctive change in frequency and infection degree was recorded in the aggregate spectrum of hosts. The presence of mistletoe was recorded in a total of 1,362 specimens (almost 12% of the trees growing in the area). Compared to 1985, the occurrence of mistletoe was newly recorded in a total of 13 families (+3), 19 genera (+5) and 42 species (+18). In Aesculus ×marylandica, Fraxinus biltmoreana, Magnolia hypoleuca ×tripetala or Malus ×moerlandsii, it was probably described for the first time ever. At the moment, the most existentially endangered taxon is Tilia cordata.

Restoring hardwood trees to lake riparian areas using three planting treatments

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 933-941 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel E. Haskell ◽  
Alex L. Bales ◽  
Christopher R. Webster ◽  
Michael W. Meyer ◽  
David J. Flaspohler
Keyword(s):  
Riparian Areas ◽  
Hardwood Trees

scholarly journals Floristic diversity and conservation value of the biodiversity refuge area of the Soubré hydroelectric dam (South-West of Côte d'Ivoire)

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 1479-1493
Author(s):  
Yao Jean-Clovis Kouadio ◽  
Abdoulaye Cissé ◽  
Kouassi Bruno Kpangui ◽  
Marie-Solange Tiébré ◽  
Djakalia Ouattara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Local Population ◽  
Conservation Value ◽  
Ethnobotanical Survey ◽  
Species List ◽  
Conservation Area ◽  
Hydroelectric Dam ◽  
Medicinal Use ◽  
High Conservation ◽  
Ricinodendron Heudelotii ◽  
Rich Flora

After the establishment of the biodiversity conservation area of the Soubré hydroelectric dam, scientific studies showing its value as a biodiversity reserve and its importance for the population were not implemented. As a result, no sustainable management strategy has been initiated. this study was conducted to make up for this shortcoming. It aims to assess its conservation value. The data collection methodology combined botanical inventories and an ethnobotanical survey. The analyse of data was based on the plant diversity and the importance of the area for local populations. Investigations show a rich flora of 346 species. There are 38 endemic species, 10 vulnerable and 8 locally threatened with extinction. This flora richness allows to attribute to the conservation area the High Conservation Value of category 1 (HCV 1). Among the species list, 84 are cited by the populations as useful plants. The use categories are, in order of importance, medicinal use, food use, Handicrafted use, timber. The organs sought are mainly the leaves in the practice of traditional medicine, the fruits in food and the stem in crafts, timber and firewood. Among useful species, 13 are very important for local population. Of these, 6 are less abundant in the area such as Ricinodendron heudelotii, Carpolobia lutea G. Don. The capacity for the area to serve as a refuge for useful species gives it the HCV 5. These results will allow the implementation of appropriate management.

SEM Study of Tension Wood Fiber Morphology and its Effect on Paper Properties

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 308-309
Author(s):  
K. W. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Tension Wood ◽  
Wood Fiber ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Fiber Morphology ◽  
Paper Properties ◽  
Pure Cellulose ◽  
Short Rotation ◽  
Hardwood Trees ◽  
Sem Study

Tension wood (TW) is an abnormal tissue of hardwood trees; although it has been isolated from most parts of the tree, it is frequently found on the upper side of branches and leaning stems. TW has been classically associated with geotropic alignment, but more recently it has been associated with fast growth. Paper made from TW is generally lower in strength properties. Consequently, the paper industries' growing dependence on fast growing, short- rotation trees will result in higher amounts of TW in the final product and a corresponding reduction in strength.Relatively few studies have dealt with the role of TW in the structure of paper. It was suggested that the lower strength properties of TW were due to a combination of factors, namely, its unique morphology, compression failures in the cell wall, and lower hemicellulose content. Central to the unique morphology of the TW fiber is the thick gelatinous layer (G-layer) composed almost entirely of pure cellulose.

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