scholarly journals Extent of infection by Viscum album L. and changes in its occurrence on ornamental woody species in the locality of Lednice (Czech Republic)

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-134
Author(s):  
Pavel Bulíř
Keyword(s):  
Host Species ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Robinia Pseudoacacia ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Viscum Album ◽  
Acer Pseudoplatanus ◽  
Tilia Cordata ◽  
Acer Campestre ◽  
Average Share ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe main goal of the research conducted in the Lednice chateau park was to map the current spectrum of host trees and shrubs. The aim of the investigation was also to record changes in the host species, namely between the years 1985 and 2016, and to get an overview of the extent and degree of mistletoe infection on the most significant tree species present in the park. Furthermore, the occurrence of mistletoe across the developmental stages of woody species was monitored. Apart from taxonomic changes also the quantitative extent and the degree of infection reported in the last 31 years, and the impact on the development stages of woody plants in the past 20 years were analysed. Among the most frequently infected taxa are currently: Acer campestre, Acer platanoides, Acer pseudoplatanus, Crataegus monogyna, Robinia pseudoacacia, Tilia cordata and Tilia platyphyllos. The average share of infected specimens of the above host species amounts to 34.28%. A distinctive change in frequency and infection degree was recorded in the aggregate spectrum of hosts. The presence of mistletoe was recorded in a total of 1,362 specimens (almost 12% of the trees growing in the area). Compared to 1985, the occurrence of mistletoe was newly recorded in a total of 13 families (+3), 19 genera (+5) and 42 species (+18). In Aesculus ×marylandica, Fraxinus biltmoreana, Magnolia hypoleuca ×tripetala or Malus ×moerlandsii, it was probably described for the first time ever. At the moment, the most existentially endangered taxon is Tilia cordata.

scholarly journals OVERSPREADING OF VISCUM ALBUM L. ON HONEY PLANTS IN THE CONDITIONS OF VINNYTSIA REGION

2019 ◽  
pp. 195-202
Author(s):  
Serhii Razanov ◽  
Volodymyr Nedashkivskyi
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Robinia Pseudoacacia ◽  
Viscum Album ◽  
Tilia Cordata ◽  
Acer Platanoides ◽  
Local Damage ◽  
Acer Campestre ◽  
Tilia Platyphyllos ◽  
Robinia Pseudoacacia L ◽  
Forest Lands

The intensity of damaging the nectar and pollen trees of forest lands, parks and woods in the conditions of Vinnytsia region has been studied. It has been found that in the zones of the highest local overspreading of Viscum album L. on the nectar and pollen trees, the following sequence of their damage is observed, in particular, in the conditions of forest lands: Tilia cordata L.-Tilia platyphyllos L. -Acer platanoides L.- Acer tataricum L.; in the parks: Acer platanoides L.- Acer tataricum L.- Tilia cordata L.- Acer campestre L.- Tilia platyphyllos L. - Robinia pseudoacacia L.; in the woods: Robinia pseudoacacia L. - Tilia platyphyllos L. - Acer tataricum L. It depended both on the composition of the nectar and pollen trees and their number in the area of distribution of the parasite. It was found that the level of damage to the nectar-dust-bearing trees of forest lands, parks and forest strips was respectively within 11.7% - 34.6%, 28.5% - 85.5% and 38.4% - 84.8%. Characterizing the intensity of distribution of white mistletoe within the forest lands, it should be noted that damage to the Tilia cordata L. – 34,6%, Tilia platyphyllos L. – 23,5%, Acer platanoides L. and Acer tataricum L.– 25,0% and 11,7% . In the conditions of park plantations, damage to Viscum album L.: Tilia cordta– 51,6%, Tilia platyphyllos L. – 52,9%, Viscum album L. – 28,5%, Acer platanoides L. – 85,5%, Acer campestre L. – 71,4% and Acer tataricum L.– 63,6%. Analysis of the intensity of Viscum album L. distribution on the nectar-pollen-bearing trees of the forest area under the highways showed that this parasite was damaged: Tilia platyphyllos L. – 38,4%, Viscum album L. – 84%, Acer campestre L. – 42,8%. The intensity of damage to nectar-pollen was found to depend on the dominant tree species in the area of local Viscum album L. In the woodland, a greater proportion of the nectar-bearing trees were Tilia, in the park zones – Acer platanoides L. and in the forest strips -– Viscum album L., at the same time, and a larger percentage were observed of damaged trees in these species. The distribution of Viscum album L. depended not only on the breed of nectar-pollen-bearing trees, but also on the number of trees of a particular variety in the area of their local damage by this parasite.

scholarly journals Alien and native woody plants in scattered vegetation in agricultural landscape

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-120
Author(s):  
Ján Supuka ◽  
Attila Tóth ◽  
Mária Bihuňová ◽  
Martina Verešová ◽  
Karol Šinka
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Woody Plants ◽  
Agricultural Landscape ◽  
Woody Plant ◽  
Robinia Pseudoacacia ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Lycium Barbarum ◽  
Dominance Index ◽  
Acer Campestre

AbstractThe woody plant species composition has been evaluated in three cadastral territories of southwestern Slovakia, together in 77 habitats of non-forest woody vegetation (NFWV). A total of 43 tree species have been identified; 8 of them were alien and 5 species were cultural fruit trees. In total 20 shrub species were identified, out of which 3 were alien. Three woody species are classified as invasive according to the law in Slovakia: Acer negundo L., Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle, and Lycium barbarum L. They occurred only in 2, maximum in 4 of the evaluated habitats. The most occurring alien tree species Robinia pseudoacacia L. was generally identified in 58 habitats and in 48 habitats, with an incidence over 40% and dominance index of 70.6. The second most occurring alien tree Populus × canadensis had a dominance index of 8.3. The dominant native trees in NFWV were Acer campestre L., Fraxinus excelsior L., Quercus robur L., Salix fragilis L. with the dominance index of 1–5 only.

scholarly journals Аборигенна дендрофлора покритонасінних – основа паркобудування в лісостепу України

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (8) ◽  
pp. 14-18
Author(s):  
V. P. Masalskiy ◽  
S. I. Kuznetsov
Keyword(s):  
Quercus Robur ◽  
Acer Pseudoplatanus ◽  
Tilia Cordata ◽  
Acer Platanoides ◽  
Carpinus Betulus ◽  
Acer Campestre

Висвітлено результати досліджень складу насаджень дендрологічних парків Лісостепу України. Встановлено, що в складі насаджень парків кількісно переважають рослини аборигенних видів. Разом із дубом звичайним (Quercus robur L.) паркоутворювальну роль відіграють його супутники: клен гостролистий (Acer platanoides L.), ясен звичайний (Fraxinus exelsior L.), липа серцелиста (Tilia cordata Mill.), клен польовий (Acer campestre L.), клен явір (Acer pseudoplatanus L.), граб звичайний (Carpinus betulus L.), в'язові. Зроблено порівняльний аналіз аборигенної та інтродукованої дендрофлори в дендропарках Лісостепу України з таких критеріїв: функціональність, економічність та естетичність. З погляду функціональності доведено, що садово-паркові об'єкти, основу яких складають аборигенні види покритонасінних, легко створювати, за ними легко доглядати і такі об'єкти є більш довговічними. Доведено, що з економічного погляду парки, створені з покритонасінних аборигенної дендрофлори, є дешевшими за парки, створені з інтродуцентів у 10–15 разів. Встановлено, що парки, створені аборигенною дендрофлорою покритонасінних, мають найбільший позитивний психоемоційний вплив на відвідувачів і є комфортними для відпочинку. Отже, для створення парків, аборигенна дендрофлора є саме тим елементом ландшафту, який повною мірою відповідає основним трьом критеріям оцінки садово-паркового об'єкта, а значить є головним паркоутворювальним елементом.

scholarly journals Establishing windbreaks: how rapidly do the smaller tree transplants reach the height of the larger ones?

2014 ◽  
Vol 60 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 12-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Dostálek ◽  
M. Weber ◽  
T. Frantík
Keyword(s):  
Prunus Avium ◽  
Slow Growth ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Acer Pseudoplatanus ◽  
Tilia Cordata ◽  
Small Tree ◽  
Acer Campestre ◽  
Central European ◽  
Large Tree ◽  
Native Tree Species

The aim of this study is to identify a period of time over which smaller, less costly tree transplants can reach the height of larger tree transplants and thus offset their performance. The following Central European native tree species were used: Quercus robur L., Carpinus betulus L., Fraxinus excelsior L., Acer campestre L., Acer pseudoplatanus L., Tilia cordata Mill. and Prunus avium L. In the period after planting, the best growth was observed for small tree transplants. These transplants reached the height of the medium-sized tree transplants for all species except C. betulus. However, the large transplants of A. campestre, F. excelsior and P. avium were still significantly taller than the medium-sized transplants ten years after planting. In contrast, slow growth was observed for the large tree transplants of C. betulus and Q. robur. During the monitoring period, the height of the medium-sized transplants of C. betulus even exceeded the height of the large transplants of this species. These differences suggest that the differences in the establishment rates of individual species are reflected in the growth rates of their plantations during longer periods after planting.    

scholarly journals Modelling of the Distribution of European Mistletoe (Viscum album) with Dependence on Local Factors in the Castle Park in Lednice

2015 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
pp. 1441-1452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tivadar Baltazár ◽  
Miloš Pejchal ◽  
Ildikó Varga
Keyword(s):  
Robinia Pseudoacacia ◽  
Infection Intensity ◽  
Viscum Album ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Juglans Nigra ◽  
Tree Age ◽  
Projection Area ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Acer Campestre ◽  
Local Factors

The European mistletoe (Viscum album) infection intensity and frequency of their host taxa individuals was monitored within the sections of the Castle Park in Lednice during the last four years. The data analysis was carried out only with these infected host taxa which occur in the park the most frequently:Acer campestre,A. platanoides,A. pseudoplatanus,Crataegus monogyna,C. pedicellata,Juglans nigra,Robinia pseudoacacia,Tilia cordataandT. platyphyllos. For the statistical modelling it was used total 3039 individuals, among them 1424 are already infected by mistletoe (47%). Nine local factors (tree age, development stage, location of individuals, physiological and biomechanical aspect of vitality, tree height, diameter at breast height, crown projection area and crown volume) were examined with dependence on mistletoe infection. Due to our results, all of examined factors have strong impact to the infection in the majority of host taxa; except of vitality, this relationship is directly proportional. No statistical significant impact was observed in case ofCrataegus pedicellata. There is a big difference among the hosts, the largest mistletoe amount was observed in case ofJuglans nigra. It was also proved that neither host nor mistletoe distribution are spread uniformly.

scholarly journals Relationships between browsing damage and woody species dominance

2009 ◽  
Vol 55 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 23-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Čermák ◽  
P. Horsák ◽  
M. Špiřík ◽  
R. Mrkva
Keyword(s):  
Fagus Sylvatica ◽  
Cervus Elaphus ◽  
Capreolus Capreolus ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Acer Pseudoplatanus ◽  
Acer Campestre ◽  
Species Dominance ◽  
Browsing Damage ◽  
The Given ◽  
Species Being

The paper analyzes data on browsing damage to food-attractive woody species, viz.<I> Acer campestre, Acer pseudoplatanus, Acer platanoides, Fraxinus excelsior, Sorbus aucuparia</I> and most often eudominant <I>Fagus sylvatica</I>. The field survey was carried out in 2005–2007. Analyzed data come from 34 transects at 15 localities in the CR with different abundance of ungulates (<I>Capreolus capreolus</I>, in some areas also <I>Cervus elaphus</I> or <I>Dama dama</I>). Trees occurring in natural regeneration under a stand were monitored up to a height of 150 cm and the presence of new browsing damage was monitored. Differences between the percent of damaged individuals of the given species of a food-attractive woody species and the percent of damaged individuals of all woody species in the transect as well as the proportion of these parameters significantly correlate with the dominance of the given species being suitable parameters for the analysis of a relationship between the intensity of damage and dominance. At the same time, the higher the proportion of <I>Fagus sylvatica</I>, the higher the relative intensity of damage to monitored food-attractive species.

Planting of different-sized tree transplants on arable soil

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 574-584
Author(s):  
Jiří Dostálek ◽  
Martin Weber ◽  
Svatopluk Matula ◽  
Tomáš Frantík
Keyword(s):  
Prunus Avium ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Acer Pseudoplatanus ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Acer Campestre ◽  
Native Woody Species ◽  
Native Tree Species ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractOn the arable land of the Rosovka Stream alluvium in the Czech Republic, a windbreak containing native woody species, was planted within a restoration project. This study evaluates the effect of that planting of three different tree sizes, on the rate of growth. The sizes of transplants employed in this study included small (1.0–1.5 meters tall), medium-sized (2.0–2.5 meters tall) and large (with a trunk circumference of 0.1–0.12 meters). The following native tree species, from the Eurosiberian region, were used: Quercus robur L., Carpinus betulus L., Fraxinus excelsior L., Acer campestre L., Acer pseudoplatanus L., Tilia cordata Mill., and Prunus avium L. Growth rates were monitored over a five-year period. Small transplants had the highest growth; they grew approximately 0.4 meters more than transplants from the other size categories. Our results show that the selection of the size of transplant has a significant impact on development and growth. However, differences in the post-transplant responses of individual species were found.

scholarly journals Population Structure and Regeneration Status of Woody Plants in Relation to the Human Interventions, Arasbaran Biosphere Reserve, Iran

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 191
Author(s):  
Sajad Ghanbari ◽  
Kiomars Sefidi ◽  
Christel C. Kern ◽  
Pedro Álvarez-Álvarez
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Biosphere Reserve ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Acer Campestre ◽  
Regeneration Status ◽  
Human Interventions ◽  
Fixed Area ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Impact

Proper understanding of the diversity and natural structure of woody species and the impacts of human interventions are prerequisites for maintaining the remaining forests as well as restoration of deforested and degraded areas. This research was conducted to document the impact of human interventions on the population structure and the species diversity in the Arasbaran biosphere reserve in Iran due to the limited research and insufficient knowledge. The study area was divided into three adjacent sampling areas of low, medium, and high destruction intensity. Thirty fixed area 0.1-hectare plots were sampled to evaluate the composition, diversity, and species richness. Oak (Quercus macranthera), hawthorn (Crataegus meyeri), and maple (Acer campestre) were the top three dominant tree species at all the sites. The relative dominance of the top three species comprised 87.8% of the basal area of all species. The relative abundance of the top three species accounted for 68.1% of the species. The mean density and basal areas per tree across all three destruction statuses were 145 ± 59 stems ha−1 and 0.01 ± 0.005 m2 ha−1, respectively. The mean height of trees was different at low and high disturbance sites (4.6 ± 0.96 m and 3.37 ± 1.74 m, respectively). Due to the impact of human interventions on forest structure, composition, and diversity, conservation programs are recommended for implementation and in collaboration with local communities to employ management aimed at providing services for local people while restoring these forests. Basic ecological studies such as this study are the foundation to begin developing policies and management that meet multiple ecological and social goals.

scholarly journals The Morphological Features and UV-VIS Analysis of Some Taxonomic Markers of Genus Viscum

1970 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Simona Ioana VICAŞ ◽  
Dumitrita RUGINĂ ◽  
Stelian PANTEA ◽  
Carmen SOCACIU
Keyword(s):  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Robinia Pseudoacacia ◽  
Viscum Album ◽  
Acer Campestre ◽  
Host Trees ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Chlorophyll A And B ◽  
Taxonomic Markers ◽  
Vegetative Characters

European mistletoe (Viscum album L., family Santalaceae) is native from Europe and is an evergreen, perennial, hemiparasitic shrub that lives on a wide range of woody plants species. The mistletoe has a number of biological effects, such as anticancer, antimycobacterial, apoptosis – inducing, antiviral, and immunomodulatory activities. In the first part of this study, we present the floral and vegetative characters of five varieties of Viscum album ssp. album that are growing on five different host trees (Acer campestre, Mallus domestica, Fraxinus excelsior, Populus nigra and Robinia pseudoacacia). In the second part, we recorded the UV-VIS spectrum of methanolic extract (400 to 700 nm), to determined the level of chlorophyll a and b, and also the ratio of A280/A340 (to identify which the bioactive compounds is predominantly). We find the diference between the stem and leaves from the mistletoe that are growing on the same host, and also between the mistletoe that are growing on different host trees.

Developing Effective Dispositions for Teaching Music

2019 ◽  
pp. 321-344
Author(s):  
Michael Raiber
Keyword(s):  
Music Education ◽  
Teacher Educators ◽  
Systematic Approach ◽  
Music Teachers ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Music Teacher ◽  
Teacher Dispositions ◽  
Teacher Concerns ◽  
Teaching Music ◽  
The Impact

The impact of teacher dispositions on the professional development of preservice music teachers (PMTs) has been substantiated. This chapter describes an approach to dispositional development within the structure of an introduction to music education course. A teacher concerns model is used to organize this systematic approach through three developmental stages that include self-concerns, teaching task concerns, and student learning concerns. A series of 11 critical questions are presented for use in guiding PMTs’ dispositional development through these developmental stages. Activities to engage PMTs in the exploration of each of these questions are detailed for use by music teacher educators desiring to engage PMTs in dispositional development.

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