Methane hydrate formation in a test sediment of sand and clay at various levels of water saturation

2015 ◽  
Vol 93 (8) ◽  
pp. 874-881 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asheesh Kumar ◽  
Tushar Sakpal ◽  
Sudip Roy ◽  
Rajnish Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Methane Hydrate ◽  
Water Saturation ◽  
Hydrate Formation ◽  
Bentonite Clay ◽  
Silica Sand ◽  
Void Space ◽  
Pure Silica ◽  
Fine Clay ◽  
Pressure Water ◽  
Test Sediment

Kinetics of methane hydrate formation with different ratios of silica sand and clay and different water saturations were studied. At suitable temperature and methane gas pressure, water in the void spaces of silica sand packing and intercalated area of clay were converted into hydrate. It was observed that the rate of hydrate formation increases with higher void space in the packing, and addition of clay in test sediment decreases water to hydrate conversion as well as rate of hydrate formation. Maximum water to hydrate conversion of 60.0% was achieved in pure silica sand bed at 75% water saturation. Presence of fine clay particles is expected to reduce the void spaces and thus may hinder effective mass transfer of hydrate forming gases in the bed. However, it is also possible that the bentonite clay used in this work may actually inhibit hydrate growth. Additional experiments in stirred tank reactor were carried out to understand the inhibiting effect of bentonite clay for hydrate formation.

Methane Hydrate Formation and Dissociation in the presence of Bentonite Clay Suspension

2013 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 810-818 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Kumar Saw ◽  
G. N. Udayabhanu ◽  
A. Mandal ◽  
S. Laik
Keyword(s):  
Methane Hydrate ◽  
Hydrate Formation ◽  
Bentonite Clay ◽  
Clay Suspension

scholarly journals Methane Hydrate Distribution from Prolonged and Repeated Formation in Natural and Compacted Sand Samples: X-Ray CT Observations

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily V. L. Rees ◽  
Timothy J. Kneafsey ◽  
Yongkoo Seol
Keyword(s):  
Gas Hydrate ◽  
Methane Hydrate ◽  
Water Saturation ◽  
Hydrate Formation ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Natural Sediment ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Sediment Types ◽  
Stable Conditions ◽  
The Impact

To study physical properties of methane gas hydrate-bearing sediments, it is necessary to synthesize laboratory samples due to the limited availability of cores from natural deposits. X-ray computed tomography (CT) and other observations have shown gas hydrate to occur in a number of morphologies over a variety of sediment types. To aid in understanding formation and growth patterns of hydrate in sediments, methane hydrate was repeatedly formed in laboratory-packed sand samples and in a natural sediment core from the Mount Elbert Stratigraphic Test Well. CT scanning was performed during hydrate formation and decomposition steps, and periodically while the hydrate samples remained under stable conditions for up to 60 days. The investigation revealed the impact of water saturation on location and morphology of hydrate in both laboratory and natural sediments during repeated hydrate formations. Significant redistribution of hydrate and water in the samples was observed over both the short and long term.

CO2 capture using the clathrate hydrate process employing cellulose foam as a porous media

2015 ◽  
Vol 93 (8) ◽  
pp. 808-814 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhishek Nambiar ◽  
Ponnivalavan Babu ◽  
Praveen Linga
Keyword(s):  
Porous Media ◽  
Water Saturation ◽  
Kinetic Modelling ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Hydrate Formation ◽  
Silica Sand ◽  
Operating Pressure ◽  
Avrami Model ◽  
Uptake Data ◽  
Water Saturated

A new biodegradable porous medium has been employed in this work for the hydrate-based gas separation (HBGS) process to capture carbon dioxide in a fixed bed column from a precombustion stream. Propane (2.5 mol%) was added as a promoter to reduce the operating pressure of the HBGS process. Experiments were conducted at 6 MPa and 274.2 K at different water saturation levels (50% and 100%) in a cellulose foam bed. It was found that a normalized rate of hydrate formation was more than double for 50% as compared to 100% water-saturated level. In addition, kinetic modelling of hydrate formation in porous media has been carried out using Avrami model by utilizing the experimental gas uptake data from current and published works. The Avrami model was found to fit the hydrate growth kinetics very well, up to 40 min of hydrate growth for different porous media like silica sand, polyurethane foam, and cellulose foam, and for different guest gas and gas mixtures.

Effect of silica sand size and saturation on methane hydrate formation in the presence of SDS

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
pp. 266-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhen Pan ◽  
Zhiming Liu ◽  
Zhien Zhang ◽  
Liyan Shang ◽  
Shihui Ma
Keyword(s):  
Methane Hydrate ◽  
Hydrate Formation ◽  
Silica Sand ◽  
Sand Size

scholarly journals Methane Hydrate Formation and Dissociation in Sand Media: Effect of Water Saturation, Gas Flowrate and Particle Size

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 5200
Author(s):  
Fatima Doria Benmesbah ◽  
Livio Ruffine ◽  
Pascal Clain ◽  
Véronique Osswald ◽  
Olivia Fandino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Induction Time ◽  
Methane Hydrate ◽  
Water Saturation ◽  
Hydrate Formation ◽  
Media Effect ◽  
Methane Cycle ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Porosity And Permeability ◽  
Formation Of Hydrates

Assessing the influence of key parameters governing the formation of hydrates and determining the capacity of the latter to store gaseous molecules is needed to improve our understanding of the role of natural gas hydrates in the oceanic methane cycle. Such knowledge will also support the development of new industrial processes and technologies such as those related to thermal energy storage. In this study, high-pressure laboratory methane hydrate formation and dissociation experiments were carried out in a sandy matrix at a temperature around 276.65 K. Methane was continuously injected at constant flowrate to allow hydrate formation over the course of the injection step. The influence of water saturation, methane injection flowrate and particle size on hydrate formation kinetics and methane storage capacity were investigated. Six water saturations (10.8%, 21.6%, 33%, 43.9%, 55% and 66.3%), three gas flowrates (29, 58 and 78 mLn·min−1) and three classes of particle size (80–140, 315–450 and 80–450 µm) were tested, and the resulting data were tabulated. Overall, the measured induction time obtained at 53–57% water saturation has an average value of 58 ± 14 min minutes with clear discrepancies that express the stochastic nature of hydrate nucleation, and/or results from the heterogeneity in the porosity and permeability fields of the sandy core due to heterogeneous particles. Besides, the results emphasize a clear link between the gas injection flowrate and the induction time whatever the particle size and water saturation. An increase in the gas flowrate from 29 to 78 mLn·min−1 is accompanied by a decrease in the induction time up to ~100 min (i.e., ~77% decrease). However, such clear behaviour is less conspicuous when varying either the particle size or the water saturation. Likewise, the volume of hydrate-bound methane increases with increasing water saturation. This study showed that water is not totally converted into hydrates and most of the calculated conversion ratios are around 74–84%, with the lowest value of 49.5% conversion at 54% of water saturation and the highest values of 97.8% for the lowest water saturation (10.8%). Comparison with similar experiments in the literature is also carried out herein.

scholarly journals Observation of the Main Natural Parameters Influencing the Formation of Gas Hydrates

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 1803
Author(s):  
Alberto Maria Gambelli ◽  
Umberta Tinivella ◽  
Rita Giovannetti ◽  
Beatrice Castellani ◽  
Michela Giustiniani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Marine Sediments ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Hydrate Formation ◽  
Silica Sand ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Natural Sand ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Pure Silica ◽  
Plasma Mass Spectrometry

Chemical composition in seawater of marine sediments, as well as the physical properties and chemical composition of soils, influence the phase behavior of natural gas hydrate by disturbing the hydrogen bond network in the water-rich phase before hydrate formation. In this article, some marine sediments samples, collected in National Antarctic Museum in Trieste, were analyzed and properties such as pH, conductivity, salinity, and concentration of main elements of water present in the sediments are reported. The results, obtained by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and ion chromatography (IC) analysis, show that the more abundant cation is sodium and, present in smaller quantities, but not negligible, are calcium, potassium, and magnesium, while the more abundant anion is chloride and sulfate is also appreciable. These results were successively used to determine the thermodynamic parameters and the effect on salinity of water on hydrates’ formation. Then, hydrate formation was experimentally tested using a small-scale apparatus, in the presence of two different porous media: a pure silica sand and a silica-based natural sand, coming from the Mediterranean seafloor. The results proved how the presence of further compounds, rather than silicon, as well as the heterogeneous grainsize and porosity, made this sand a weak thermodynamic and a strong kinetic inhibitor for the hydrate formation process.

Carboxylate Surfactants as Efficient and Renewable Promoters for Methane Hydrate Formation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuejian Liu ◽  
Quan Cao ◽  
Dongyan Xu ◽  
Shengjun Luo ◽  
Rongbo Guo
Keyword(s):  
Methane Hydrate ◽  
Hydrate Formation
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