Re–Os dating of pyrite and mineral chemistry of magnetite from the Yamansu Fe deposit, Xinjiang, northwestern China

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Zhi-yuan Sun ◽  
Jing-bin Wang ◽  
Yu-wang Wang ◽  
Ling-li Long ◽  
Zhao-hua Luo
Keyword(s):  
Earth Element ◽  
Temporal Relationship ◽  
Hydrothermal Process ◽  
Volcanic Rocks ◽  
Mineral Chemistry ◽  
Hydrothermal Activity ◽  
Oscillatory Zoning ◽  
Iron Deposit ◽  
Metallogenic Belt ◽  
Mineralization Age

The Yamansu iron deposit, hosted in submarine volcanic rocks, is located in the Aqishan–Yamansu Fe–Cu metallogenic belt of eastern Tianshan, Xinjiang. New pyrite Re–Os and pyroxene diorite intrusion ages and the chemistry of magnetite constrain the origin of the deposit. The Yamansu orebodies display banded or lenticular forms and sharp contacts with marble and garnet skarn. Pyrite associated with magnetite from hydrothermal massive ores has a Re–Os isochron age of 320.3 ± 9.1 Ma, which is consistent with the Carboniferous age of volcanic rocks. However, the pyroxene diorite age (252.1 ± 3.7 Ma) is obviously younger than the mineralization age, implying no temporal relationship between mineralization and intrusion. Magnetite samples from different ores in the Yamansu deposit are suggested to have a magmatic–hydrothermal origin. The magmatic primary magnetite is rich in TiO2 and poor in SiO2, MgO, and CaO, similar to magnetite from Kiruna type deposits. The hydrothermal magnetite is rich in FeO, CaO, and SiO2 but poor in TiO2 and shows oscillatory zoning. Moreover, magmatic and hydrothermal magnetite samples show different characteristic normalized rare earth element and trace element patterns. A combination of ore fabrics, discrimination diagrams, and normalized patterns for magnetite samples can reflect the magmatic–hydrothermal process. The Yamansu iron deposit is spatially and temporally associated with Carboniferous volcanism, and we propose that the magmatic magnetite ores were derived from iron-rich melt through melt immiscibility. The residual iron-rich magma ascended and erupted along with hydrothermal activity; then moderate to large amounts of hydrothermal massive, banded, or disseminated magnetite formed with skarns.

scholarly journals Oxygen-Isotope-Based Modeling of the Hydrothermal Fluid Processes of the Taochong Skarn Iron Deposit, Anhui Province, China

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 375
Author(s):  
Niannian Li ◽  
Yi Cao ◽  
Zhaonian Zhang ◽  
Yilun Du ◽  
Chenfang Guo
Keyword(s):  
Yangtze River ◽  
Hydrothermal Fluid ◽  
Meteoric Water ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
Hydrothermal Activity ◽  
Iron Deposit ◽  
Metallogenic Belt ◽  
Magmatic Fluids ◽  
Skarn Deposits ◽  
Lower Yangtze

The Taochong iron deposit is one of the important skarn deposits in the Middle–Lower Yangtze River metallogenic belt, Eastern China. There are two types of ores in the deposit: skarn- and quartz–calcite-type ores. The skarn-type ore, which is composed of hematite (Hm-1), garnet, pyroxene, actinolite, chlorite, quartz (Q-1), and calcite (Cal-1), is crosscut locally by a quartz–calcite-type ore vein. The quartz–calcite-type ore consists mainly of hematite (Hm-2), magnetite, quartz (Q-2 and 3), and calcite (Cal-2). The δ18Owater value (~2.67‰) of the fluids in equilibrium with Hm-1 is similar to the values of the mixtures of magmatic and meteoric fluids. However, the δ18O values of the fluids in equilibrium with Hm-2 are in the range of 7.64–8.54‰, similar to those of magmatic fluids. The δ18O values decrease systematically from the fluids in equilibrium with Hm-2 (7.64‰ to 8.54‰) to the fluids in equilibrium with magnetite, Q-3, and Cal-2 (−0.12‰ to 4.17‰) and the fluids in equilibrium with Cal-3 (−2.17‰ to 0.36‰). These features of oxygen isotopes indicate that two episodes of hydrothermal activity took place in the Taochong deposit, and both episodes began with a magmatic origin and then progressively evolved by mixing with meteoric water. The results of quantitative simulations suggest that the deposition of the skarn-type ores was most likely caused by the mixing of magmatic and meteoric fluids, whilst the deposition of the quartz–calcite-type ores was most likely caused by the boiling of magmatic fluids and the mixtures of magmatic brine and meteoric water.

scholarly journals Geochemistry and Origin of Scheelites from the Xiaoyao Tungsten Skarn Deposit in the Jiangnan Tungsten Belt, SE China

Minerals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 271
Author(s):  
Qiangwei Su ◽  
Jingwen Mao ◽  
Jia Sun ◽  
Linghao Zhao ◽  
Shengfa Xu
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Rare Earth Element ◽  
Quartz Vein ◽  
Earth Element ◽  
Hydrothermal Process ◽  
Oscillatory Zoning ◽  
Heavy Rare Earth Element ◽  
Rock Interaction ◽  
Valence States ◽  
Rock Alteration

The type, association, variations, and valence states of several metal elements of scheelite can trace the source and evolution of the ore-forming fluids. There are four types of scheelite from the Xiaoyao deposit: (1) scheelite intergrown with garnet in the proximal zone (Sch1a) and with pyroxene in the distal zone (Sch1b), (2) scheelite replaced Sch1a (Sch2a) and crystallized as rims around Sch1b (Sch2b), (3) quartz vein scheelite with oscillatory zoning (Sch3), and 4) scheelite (Sch4) within micro-fractures of Sch3. Substitutions involving Mo and Cd are of particular relevance, and both elements are redox-sensitive and oxidized Sch1a, Sch2b, Sch3 are Mo and Cd enriched, relatively reduced Sch1b, Sch2a, Sch4 are depleted Mo and Cd. Sch1a, Sch2a, Sch3, and Sch4 are characterized by a typical right-inclined rare earth element (REE) pattern, inherited from ore-related granodiorite and modified by the precipitation of skarn minerals. Sch1b and Sch2b are characterized by low light rare earth element/heavy rare earth element (LREE/HREE) ratios, influenced by a shift in fO2 during fluid-rock alteration. Sch1b, Sch2b and Sch3 have higher Sr contents than those of Sch1a and Sch2a, reveal that host-rock alteration and fluid–rock interaction have elevated Sr contents. The Y/Ho ratios of scheelite gradually increase from skarn to quartz vein stages, due to fluid fractionation caused by fluid–rock interaction. Thus, the variation in REE and trace elements in scheelite in time and space reflects a complex magmatic-hydrothermal process involving various fluid–rock interactions and fluid mixing.

Paleoredox conditions, hydrothermal history, and target vectoring in the Macmillan Pass base-metal district, Yukon, Canada: 2 – Pyrite paragenesis and mineral chemistry

2021 ◽  
Vol 59 (5) ◽  
pp. 1233-1259
Author(s):  
Claire Leighton ◽  
Daniel Layton-Matthews ◽  
Jan M. Peter ◽  
Michael G. Gadd ◽  
Alexandre Voinot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trace Element ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Mineral Chemistry ◽  
Hydrothermal Activity ◽  
Unconsolidated Sediments ◽  
Lateral Migration ◽  
Sulfide Mineralization ◽  
Ambient Seawater ◽  
Clastic Sediment ◽  
Icp Ms

ABSTRACT The MacMillan Pass district in Yukon, Canada, hosts the Tom and Jason clastic sediment-hosted Zn-Pb-Ag-(Ba) deposits. Pyrite-bearing drill core samples were collected from seven drill holes that intersected sulfide mineralization and time-stratigraphically equivalent rocks at varied spatial distances extending up to 3 km away from the deposits to assess the relative timing of pyrite mineralization and the chemistry of pyrite paragenesis. There are four pyrite morphologies: framboids and polyframboids (Py1), subhedral to euhedral inclusion-free crystals (Py2a), silicate inclusion-bearing nodules with serrated edges (Py2b), and euhedral idiomorphic overgrowths on preexisting pyrite morphologies (Py3). These morphological varieties correspond in time from syngenetic to earliest diagenetic growth (Py1), early to late diagenetic growth (Py2a, Py2b), and metamorphic crystallization and/or recrystallization of previous textural varieties (Py3). A representative subset of pyrite grains was analyzed for trace element contents and distributions by laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS). Analyses by LA-ICP-MS reveal that each textural variety of pyrite has a distinct trace element composition that also varies depending on stratigraphic unit. A suite of clastic sediment-hosted sulfide mineralization-related elements was incorporated into Py2 within sulfide mineralized units at greater abundances than that in unmineralized units (e.g., Zn, As, Pb, Tl, Bi). Lead abundances and Pb/Se and As/Mo values in pyrite are the most robust vectoring tools documented. The timing for clastic sediment-hosted Zn-Pb mineralization was syn and/or post late diagenesis (Py2b). A Ba-enriched horizon was identified in rocks and this is interpreted to be the distal time-stratigraphic equivalent unit to Zn-Pb mineralization. The Ba-enriched horizon contains Py2 with anomalous metal (Tl, Co, Mn, Cd, Zn, Sb) contents and abundant macroscopic baryte, and it is interpreted to represent the distal expression of sulfide mineralization-forming hydrothermal activity. Four genetic models for mineralization are reviewed; however, the only model that is consistent with our whole rock and pyrite geochemistry involves venting of buoyant hydrothermal fluid, mixing with ambient seawater, and remaining or sinking into unconsolidated sediments, with lateral migration up to 2–3 km from the vent source.

Mineralogical characterization of fibrous zeolites from the Kahrizak volcanic suite, south Tehran, Iran

Clay Minerals ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 507-517 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kusehlar ◽  
F. Tutti ◽  
H. Mirnejad ◽  
A. E. Lalonde
Keyword(s):  
Volcanic Rocks ◽  
Hydrothermal Activity ◽  
Scattered Electron ◽  
Northern Iran ◽  
Mineralogical Characterization ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Rich Solution ◽  
Cavity Filling ◽  
Fibrous Zeolites

AbstractSelected samples of large cavity filling and vein-type fibrous zeolites from Eocene volcanic rocks in the Kahrizak region, northern Iran, have been studied for their mineralogical and chemical characteristics. X-ray powder diffraction and electron microprobe analyses confirmed the presence of natrolite, mesolite and scolecite with compositions of [Na14.922Ca0.202K0.015Ba0.002] [Al15.697Si24.267O80]·nH2O, [Ca15.714Na14.224][Al46.431Si73.398O240]·nH2O and [Ca7.804Na0.142K0.024Ba0.012Mg0.006][Al15.320Si24.437O80]·nH2O, respectively. In addition, examination of textural relationships in thin sections and back-scattered electron images reveals a paragenetic order in which the Ca-rich zeolites crystallized first. It is most probable that the fibrous zeolites of Kahrizak were formed during two pulses of hydrothermal activity in the area. Scolecite and mesolite were precipitated from Ca-rich solution, whereas the second stage Na-rich, low-temperature fluid crystallized natrolite and reacted with Ca-species.

Rare earth element concentrations in Quaternary volcanic rocks of southwestern British Columbia

1984 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 731-736 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan L. Green ◽  
Paul Henderson
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Earth Element ◽  
Volcanic Rocks ◽  
Crustal Contamination ◽  
Lake Area ◽  
Calc Alkaline ◽  
Lower Light ◽  
The Individual ◽  
High Level ◽  
Ree Patterns

A suite of hy-normative hawaiites, ne-normative mugearite, and calc-alkaline andesitic rocks from the Garibaldi Lake area exhibits fractionated, slightly concave-upward REE patterns (CeN/YbN = 4.5–15), heavy REE contents about 5–10 times the chondritic abundances, and no Eu anomalies. It is unlikely that the REE patterns provide information concerning partial melting conditions beneath southwestern British Columbia because they have probably been modified substantially by upper crustal processes including crustal contamination and (or) crystal fractionation. The REE contents of the Garibaldi Lake lavas are not incompatible with previous interpretations that (1) the hawaiites have undergone considerable fractionation of olivine, plagioclase, and clinopyroxene; and (2) the individual andesitic suites were derived from separate batches of chemically distinct magma that evolved along different high-level crystallization trends. In general, however, the andesites are characterized by lower light REE contents than the basaltic andesites. These differences in LREE abundances may reflect different amounts of LREE-rich accessory phases, such as apatite, sphene, or allanite, assimilated from the underlying quartz diorites.

scholarly journals Geomagnetic Survey to Explore High-Temperature Geothermal System in Blawan-Ijen, East Java, Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 02003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunus Daud ◽  
Syamsu Rosid ◽  
Fikri Fahmi ◽  
Faris Maulana Yunus ◽  
Reza Muflihendri
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Magnetic Anomaly ◽  
Volcanic Rocks ◽  
Hydrothermal Activity ◽  
Geothermal System ◽  
Geothermal Area ◽  
Variation Reduction ◽  
Geomagnetic Survey ◽  
Surface Alteration ◽  
Steep Topography

Ijen geothermal area is high-temperature geothermal system located in Bondowoso regency, East Java. It is categorized as caldera-hosted geothermal system which is covered by quaternary andesitic volcanic rocks with steep topography at the surrounding. Several surface thermal manifestations are found, such as altered rocks near Mt. Kukusan and a group of Blawan hotsprings in the northern part of the caldera. Geomagnetic survey was conducted at 72 stations which is distributed inside the caldera to delineate the existence of hydrothermal activity. Magnetic anomaly was obtained by reducing total magnetic measured on the field by IGRF and diurnal variation. Reduction to pole (RTP) method was applied with geomagnetic inclination of about -32°. In general, the result shows that high magnetic anomaly is distributed at the boundary of study area, while low magnetic anomaly is observed in the centre. The low anomaly indicates demagnetized rock that probably caused by hydrothermal activity. It has a good correlation with surface alteration observed close to Mt. Kukusan as well as high temperature reservoir drilled in the centre of caldera. Accordingly, the low magnetic anomaly also presents the possibility of geothermal reservoir in Ijen geothermal area.

scholarly journals Mineral chemistry of magnetite and fluid inclusions studies in the Kuh-Baba iron deposit, south of Hashtroud, NW Iran

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 755-766
Author(s):  
Majid Hafez Darbani ◽  
◽  
Ali Abedini ◽  
Farhang Aliyari ◽  
AliAsghar Calagari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Inclusions ◽  
Mineral Chemistry ◽  
Iron Deposit ◽  
Nw Iran

scholarly journals Mineral Chemistry Studies and Evidences For Magma Mixing of Bala Zard Basic- Intermediate Volcanic Rocks, Lut Block, Iran

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (Special-Issue1) ◽  
pp. 1194-1205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omid Namin ◽  
Afshin Ardalan ◽  
Mohammad Razavi ◽  
Arash Gourabjeripour ◽  
Abdollah Yazdi
Keyword(s):  
Magma Mixing ◽  
Volcanic Rocks ◽  
Mineral Chemistry ◽  
Lut Block

Mineral chemistry and geothermobarometry of the Balıkesir Volcanites (NW Anatolia, Turkey) 

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alp Ünal ◽  
Şafak Altunkaynak
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Composition ◽  
Magma Chamber ◽  
Magma Mixing ◽  
Textural Properties ◽  
Mineral Chemistry ◽  
Oscillatory Zoning ◽  
Magma Chamber Processes ◽  
Crystallization Conditions ◽  
Compositional Variations ◽  
Opaque Minerals

<p>Balıkesir Volcanites (BV) are included into the Balıkesir Volcanic Province and contain various products of Oligo-Miocene volcanic activity in NW Anatolia. BV are formed from trachyandesite, andesite and dacite lavas with associated pyroclastic rocks. In this study, we report the petrographical investigations, mineral chemistry results and geothermobarometry calculations of the Balıkesir Volcanites in order to deduce the magma chamber processes and crystallization conditions. Andesites present a mineral composition of plagioclase (An35–50) + amphibole (edenitic hornblende) +biotite ± quartz and opaque minerals. The major phenocryst phases in dacite lavas are plagioclase (An39–53), quartz, amphibole (magnesio-hornblende), biotite, sanidine and opaque minerals. The mineral composition of the trachyandesites, on the other hand, is represented by plagioclase (An38–57) + amphibole (pargasitic hornblende) + biotite + clinopyroxene (endiopside- augite) ± sanidine ± quartz ± opaque minerals. Balıkesir Volcanites present distinct textural properties such as rounded plagioclase phenocrysts with reaction rims, oscillatory zoning, honeycomb and sieve textures in plagioclase, reverse mantled biotite and hornblende crystals. The plagioclase- amphibole geothermobarometry calculations of Balıkesir volcanites indicate that, andesite and dacite lavas present similar crystallization temperature and pressures conditions of 798- 813°C and 1,98- 2.17 kbar. Oppositely, trachyandesites were crystallized under 857°C and 3,72 kbar temperature and pressure conditions. These results show that the andesite and dacite lavas were originated from the same magma chamber with the depth of 7km whereas trachyandesites were evolved in a deeper magma chamber with 13 km depth. Combined mineral chemistry, petrography and geothermobarometry studies indicate that the open system processes such as magma mixing/mingling and/or assimilation fractional crystallization (AFC) were responsible for the textural and compositional variations of the Balıkesir Volcanites.</p>

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