Mechanisms of maternal transfer of organochlorine contaminants and mercury in the common thresher shark (Alopias vulpinus)

2013 ◽  
Vol 70 (12) ◽  
pp. 1667-1672 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kady Lyons ◽  
Christopher G. Lowe
Keyword(s):  
Organic Contaminants ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Maternal Transfer ◽  
Organochlorine Contaminants ◽  
Thresher Shark ◽  
The Common ◽  
Near Term ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Putative Mechanism ◽  
Alopias Vulpinus

A putative mechanism for maternal transfer of organic contaminants and total mercury was empirically demonstrated in a near-term pregnant female common thresher shark (Alopias vulpinus). Contaminants were measured in the liver and muscle tissue of the mother and her four embryos, as well as the embryos’ stomach contents. Concentrations of organic contaminants and mercury were found to be lower in the embryos’ livers than in the mother’s and were clearly measurable in the embryo stomach contents, which consisted of consumed ovulated eggs. Presence of high concentrations of organic contaminants and mercury in embryos, prior to any exogenous exposure, provides clear evidence of maternal offloading in this species. In addition, the detection of these chemicals in the yolky stomach contents provides a mechanism by which oophagous elasmobranch females offload contaminants onto their young.

scholarly journals Mitochondrial recovery from shotgun metagenome sequencing enabling phylogenetic analysis of the common thresher shark (Alopias vulpinus)

Meta Gene ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 10-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael P. Doane ◽  
Dovi Kacev ◽  
Sean Harrington ◽  
Kyle Levi ◽  
Dnyanada Pande ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Thresher Shark ◽  
The Common ◽  
Metagenome Sequencing ◽  
Alopias Vulpinus

scholarly journals Seasonal distribution and habitat use of the common thresher shark (Alopias vulpinus) in the western North Atlantic Ocean inferred from fishery-dependent data

2020 ◽  
Vol 118 (4) ◽  
pp. 399-4`1
Author(s):  
Jeff Kneebone ◽  
Heather Bowlby ◽  
Joseph J. Mello ◽  
Camilla T. McCandless ◽  
Lisa J. Natanson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Habitat Use ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
North Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Seasonal Distribution ◽  
Dependent Data ◽  
Thresher Shark ◽  
The Common ◽  
Alopias Vulpinus

scholarly journals The skin microbiome of the common thresher shark (Alopias vulpinus) has low taxonomic and gene function β-diversity

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 357-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael P. Doane ◽  
John Matthew Haggerty ◽  
Dovi Kacev ◽  
Bhavya Papudeshi ◽  
Elizabeth A. Dinsdale
Keyword(s):  
Gene Function ◽  
Skin Microbiome ◽  
Β Diversity ◽  
Thresher Shark ◽  
The Common ◽  
Alopias Vulpinus

Diel movement patterns and habitat preferences of the common thresher shark (Alopias vulpinus) in the Southern California Bight

2010 ◽  
Vol 61 (5) ◽  
pp. 596 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Cartamil ◽  
N. C. Wegner ◽  
S. Aalbers ◽  
C. A. Sepulveda ◽  
A. Baquero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Southern California ◽  
Habitat Preferences ◽  
Movement Patterns ◽  
Southern California Bight ◽  
Depth Sensing ◽  
Vertical Movements ◽  
Thresher Shark ◽  
The Common ◽  
Diel Movement ◽  
Alopias Vulpinus

The common thresher shark, Alopias vulpinus, is the basis of the largest commercial shark fishery in California waters. We used acoustic telemetry to determine the diel movement patterns and habitat preferences of this species in the Southern California Bight (SCB), where commercial fishing for the common thresher shark is concentrated. Eight common threshers (fork length: 122–203 cm) were tagged with temperature and depth-sensing acoustic transmitters and tracked for periods ranging from 22 to 49 h. Tracked sharks preferentially utilized deep offshore waters, and avoided shallower waters over the continental shelf. Mean rate of movement (ROM ± s.d.) was 2.15 ± 0.46 km h−1. ROM and angular concentration (r, a measure of relative linearity) both showed a strong daytime pattern, with highest values at dawn that decreased throughout the day, whereas nocturnal ROM and r were less variable. Daytime vertical movements consisted of either vertical excursions below the thermocline or relatively level swimming within the upper portion of the thermocline. Nocturnally, all sharks remained within the mixed layer. These findings suggest that the common thresher shark is primarily a daytime predator, and have relevance for estimating how the alteration of the set depth of fishing-gear could affect catch rates of this species in the SCB.

Fish otoliths from the stomach of a thresher shark, Alopias vulpinus

1986 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 315-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. L. Pascoe
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Marine Predators ◽  
South West ◽  
Gill Net ◽  
Thresher Shark ◽  
Fish Otoliths ◽  
South West England ◽  
Alopias Vulpinus

INTRODUCTIONOn the 16 June 1982 a thresher shark, Alopias vulpinus (Bonnaterre, 1788), became entangled in a gill net at Bigbury Bay, S. Devon. The stomach contents were found to consist solely of teleost otoliths. The soft tissues of prey taken by large marine predators are often macerated and digested very rapidly or, as in this case, regurgitated during capture or stranding. Identification of the prey is therefore only possible from the hard parts which often remain, e.g. teleost otoliths, bones and scales, and cephalopod beaks, statoliths and gladiuses. The regular seasonal occurrences in the waters off south-west England and south-west Ireland make the thresher the most common of the large sharks in this area. Their accidental capture or collisions with nets are not rare and they have been taken by rod and line on several occasions.

The foundations of peaceful coexistence after the war ... Mosul is a model

2019 ◽  
pp. 178
Author(s):  
Omar Hashim Thanon
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Diversity ◽  
Psychological Consequences ◽  
Peaceful Coexistence ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Mass Displacement ◽  
The Common ◽  
Near Term ◽  
Post War ◽  
Common Destiny

Since peaceful coexistence reflects in its various aspects the concept of harmony between the members of the same society with their different national, religious and sectarian affiliations, as well as their attitudes and ideas, what brings together these are the common bonds such as land, interests and common destiny. But this coexistence is exposing for crises and instability and the theft of rights and other that destroy the communities with their different religious, national, sectarian, ethnic aspects, especially if these led to a crisis of fighting or war, which produces only destruction and mass displacement, ttherefore, the process of bridging the gap between the different parts of society in the post-war phase through a set of requirements that serve as the basis for the promotion of peaceful coexistence within the same country to consolidate civil and community peace in order to create a general framework and a coherent basis to reconstruct the community again.      Hence the premise of the research by asking about the extent of the possibility and ability of the community of religious and ethnic diversity, which has been exposed to these crises, which aimed at this diversity, basically to be able to rise and re-integrate within the same country and thus achieve civil and community peace, and Mosul is an example for that, the negative effects of the war and the accomplices of many criminal acts have given rise to hatred and fear for all, leading to the loss of livelihoods, which in the long term may have devastating social and psychological consequences.        To clarify all of this, the title of the first topic was a review of the concept and origin of peaceful coexistence. While the second topic dealt with the requirements of peaceful coexistence and social integration in Mosul, the last topic has identified the most important challenges facing the processes of coexistence and integration in Mosul. All this in order to paint a better future for the conductor at all levels in the near term at the very least to achieve the values of this peaceful coexistence, especially in the post-war period.

scholarly journals The effect of ultrasound on the treatment of domestic wastewater from organic and biological contamination

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-132
Author(s):  
Uliana Vashkurak ◽  
Liliya Shevchuk ◽  
Ivan Aftanaziv ◽  
Anna Romaniv
Keyword(s):  
Water Purification ◽  
Organic Contaminants ◽  
Effective Rate Constant ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Effective Rate ◽  
Biological Contamination ◽  
Biological Compounds ◽  
Biological Contaminants ◽  
The Common ◽  
Common Action

The effectiveness of the uses of ultrasonic cavitation for wastewater treatment has been investigated. The influence of the gases of different nature (nitrogen, oxygen, air, mixture of nitrogen and oxygen gases in the ratio of 1:1) on the destruction of organic and biological contaminants has been carried out. It is confirmed that ultrasound cavitation increases the purification effect of gases. It is established that the deepest purification from organic contaminants was achieved by the common action of air with ultrasound, the degree of water purification from organic compounds being 80% and from biological contaminants – by the common action of nitrogen with ultrasound – the degree of water purification from biological compounds being 99,5%. The effective rate constant was calculated.

Presence of organochlorine contaminants in bottled drinking water from Mexico City

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 470-479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rey Gutiérrez ◽  
Salvador Vega ◽  
Rutilio Ortiz ◽  
Beatriz Schettino
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Organochlorine Pesticides ◽  
Mexico City ◽  
Organic Contaminants ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
World Health ◽  
Drinking Water Standards ◽  
Toxicological Effects ◽  
Bottled Drinking Water ◽  
Organochlorine Contaminants

Concentrations of organic contaminants (organochlorine pesticides and biphenyls) were studied in bottled drinking water (BDW) from Mexico City where consumption is high and considered a healthy alternative to the potable water network. The results of 36 samples (1.5 L and 19 L presentations, 18 samples of each) showed the presence of seven pesticides (HCH-hexachlorocyclohexane isomers, heptachlor, aldrin and p,p'-DDE'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene) and some polychlorinated biphenyls-PCBs (28, 58 and 101). The concentrations were compared with the drinking water standards set by NOM-127-SSA1–1994, USEPA (United States Environment Protection Agency) and the World Health Organization (WHO) for pesticides and NOM-127-SSA1–1994 for biphenyls. The concentrations of the majority of organochlorine pesticides were within drinking water standards (0.01 μg L−1) except for β-HCH in BDW samples 3, 5 and 6 with values of 0.121, 0.136 and 0.192 μg L−1, respectively. The total PCBs concentration in BDW did not represent any hazard to human health, according to Mexican regulations, which establish a maximum permissible level of 0.50 μg L−1. A BDW quality monitoring program is recommended and further research on ways of reducing the presence of organochlorine contaminants to prevent bioaccumulation and toxicological effects over population with emphasis in those that with constant consumption.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document