Difference spectrophotometric method for the determination of Fluphenazine hydrochloride in tablets using peroxomonosulfate

The oxidative derivatization method using potassium hydrogenperoxomonosulfate for the indirect spectrophotometric determination of Fluphenazine hydrochloride is presented. Potassium hydrogenperoxomonosulfate is introduced as a derivatizing agent for Fluphenazine hydrochloride, yielding the sulfoxide. This reaction product was successfully used for the spectrophotometric determination of the Fluphenazine hydrochloride. The UV spectroscopic detection of the sulfoxide proved to be a more robust and sensitive method. The elaborated method allowed the determination of Fluphenazine hydrochloride in the concentration range of 0.2-30 µg mL-1. The molar absorptivity at 349 nm is 5.6×103 (dm3cm-1mol-1). The limit of quantification, LOQ (10S) is 0.24 µg/mL. A new spectrophotometric technique was developed and the possibility of quantitative determination of Fluphenazine hydrochloride in tablets 5.0 mg was demonstrated. The present method is precise, accurate and excipients did not interfere. RSD for Fluphenazine Hydrochloride 5.0 mg tablets was 1.37 %.

Hetarenocoumarins based on 7-hydroxy-3-(benzothiazol-2-yl)coumarin

The syntheses of angular hetarenocoumarins, namely chromeno[8,7-e][1,3]oxazin-2-ones and furo[2,3-h]chromen-2-one, have been accomplished starting from 7-hydroxy-3-(benzothiazol-2-yl)-coumarin using aminomethylation and formylation reactions.

Aflatoxin content and health risks associated with consumption of some herbal products sold in Kampala, Uganda

Persuasive adverts and exaggeration of health benefits from consumption of herbal products as well as the mental picture of ‘natural’ is ‘safe’ has boosted traditional medicine use in Uganda. However, herbal products may be unsafe due to the possibility of their contamination with mycotoxins. In this study, we quantified the levels of aflatoxins (B1, B2, G1 and G2) in Real Koff product, Eddagala ly’e kifuba n’e senyiga, Omusujja, Cough mixture and Fever herbal products sold in Kampala, Uganda using high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The associated consumption health risks were assessed using the hazard index method. Only aflatoxin B1 was detected in 60% of the samples, with 40% of these surpassing WHO guidelines of ≤ 5 µg/kg. The hazard indices were all less than 1, implying that Ugandans who heavily rely on the herbal products are exposed to aflatoxins at sublethal doses which may lead to chronic effects in the long run. Studies using a larger sample size should assess whether the current observation is a routine occurrence or a sporadic event.

Levels and health risk assessment of organochlorine pesticide residues in vegetables from Yamaltu area in Gombe, Nigeria

The study determined the levels of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) residues and assesses health risks linked with the consumption of vegetables cultivated in the Yamaltu area in Gombe, Nigeria. OCPs residues were solvent extracted and analyzed with a high performance liquid chromatography equipped with UV/VIS Detector. The mean concentrations of ten detected OCPs residues were almost all above the set limit of EU/WHOMRL. The estimated daily intake of OCPs from samples was below the acceptable daily intake, hazard index estimated were <1, indicated no probable non-carcinogenic health effect, while the carcinogenic health effect showed that children were more vulnerable for the consumption of the contaminated vegetables.

Effect of strontium atoms substitution on the features of two-slab structure of Sr1-xCaxLa2Sc2O7 scandates

Effects of substitution of the Strontium atoms with smaller Calcium atoms on the structural features of the Ruddlesden-Popper SrLa2Sc2O7 two-slab compound is established. The crystal structure of orthorhombic Sr0.85Ca0.15La2Sc2O7 phase with maximum degree of substitution was determined by the Rietveld method (Fmmm space group, a = 0.5766(2) nm, b = 0.5743(2) nm, c = 2.0522(7) nm). Comparison of the structural features of SrLa2Sc2O7 and Sr0.85Ca0.15La2Sc2O7 shows that such type of substitution leads to a decrease in the (La,Sr)2 - О2 interblock bond length (from 0.222 (2) nm at x = 0 to 0.215 (1) nm at x = 0.15). The decrease in interblock bond length brings the constitution of the two-dimensional structure Sr1-хCaxLa2Sc2O7 closer to the structure of the three-dimensional perovskite, leads to its instability at х > 0.15 and gives a reason to conclude that this factor causes a limitation of region of the Sr1-хCaxLa2Sc2O7 solid solutions with a slab perovskite-like structure. Presence of such structure changes is the precondition for regulation of structural-dependent features of the materials on the base of scandates alkaline-earth and rare earth metals.

The Complex Method for Measurement Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Soil, Water, Plant Products

The measurement of xenobiotics (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) group) in agricultural objects: soil, water, plant products was developed and tested by the high performance liquid chromatography method in this work. Our investigation was carried out by using laboratory samples taken from the research farm "Snitynka". Optimal modes of high-performance liquid chromatography method with a fluorescent detector (HPLC/FLD) were established for xenobiotics measurement: benzo(a)anthracene, benzo(a)pyrene, benzo(e)pyrene, benzo(b)fluorine, chrysene and their mixtures. Metrological characteristics of PAHs measuring were established: the limit of quantitative analysis (LOQ = 1.0 μg/kg), the limit of detection (LOD = 0.25 μg/kg), measuring range 1.0 - 10.0 μg/kg, the total measurement error (%) for each xenobiotics content average did not exceed 20%. The approbation of the methodology was performed in series of 50 model samples in the concentration range of each xenobiotics from 1.0±0.1 μg/kg to 10.0±0.1 μg/kg and in series of 50 natural samples. It is established that the developed method allows to unify laboratory control of PAHs and improves the process of monitoring analysis of xenobiotics.

Method for Calculation of the Current Concentration of Alkali in the Electrolyte During the Water Electrolysis Process

The article proposes a method for calculation of the current concentration of alkali in the electrolyte, taking into account the consumption and replenishment of feed water in the electrolyzer, which allows to estimate the specific electrical conductivity of the electrolyte during electrolysis process. This is important to increase the efficiency of the water electrolysis process. The calculated change of the current concentration of alkali in the electrolyte in high-pressure electrolyzers taking into account the volume of produced hydrogen is given. With the usage of the proposed method, it is established that the current concentrations of alkali in the electrolyte during the operation of the developed high-pressure electrolyzers are in the range of optimal concentrations, where the specific electrical conductivity of the electrolyte is close to maximum and changes according to alkali concentration change.

Relationship of the content of vitamin D and melatonin in blood serum and pineal gland calcifications in patients with malignant bone tumors

The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between the vitamin D content, melatonin and the characteristics of pineal gland calcifications in patients with malignant tumors of the bones of the lower extremities. Vitamin D deficiency and pineal gland calcifications are observed in almost 100 % of patients with malignant tumors of the lower extremities’ bones. The high heterogeneity of calcifications and its dynamics during the treatment of patients may indicate the processes of their litholysis and dissolution.

Physicomechanical Properties of Epoxyurethane Biocomposites Strengthened with Hemp Wood Core

Hemp wood core (HWC) filled Si-containing epoxyurethane biocomposites, in which diane epoxy resin was replaced with epoxidized soybean oil (ESO), were obtained. It was shown that the tensile strength of ESO-containing polymer was higher, and the flexural strength was lower than those of original polymer. HWC was especially effective strengthening filler for modified epoxyurethanes, because in that case mechanical properties of composites were higher than those of unfilled polymer matrices. Particularly, flexural and tensile strength of unfilled epoxyurethane with maximum content of ESO were 8.1 and 6.8 MPa respectively, while in corresponding composite they reached 17.3 and 15.7 MPa.

Comparative experimental and theoretical study on the molecular structure and spectroscopic properties of sideroxol isolated from Sideritis stricta and its electronic properties

Sideroxol, a kaurene diterpene, was obtained from the acetone extract of Sideritis stricta plant. The ground-state molecular geometry, vibrational frequencies, and NMR chemical shifts were also investigated by using various density functional theories and Pople basis sets. The computed geometries are in good conformity with the experimental data. The comparison between theory and experiments indicates that B3LYP and M06 methods with the 6-31G(d) basis set are able to provide satisfactory results for predicting vibrational and NMR properties. There seems to be no significant effect of addition of diffuse and polarization functions in the basis set used herein.