Environmental, anthropogenic, and dietary influences on fine-scale movement patterns of Atlantic salmon through challenging waters

2018 ◽  
Vol 75 (12) ◽  
pp. 2198-2210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew B. Harbicht ◽  
Theodore Castro-Santos ◽  
Dimitry Gorsky ◽  
David M. Hand ◽  
Dylan J. Fraser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Radio Telemetry ◽  
Fish Population ◽  
Nutritional Deficiencies ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Fish Movement ◽  
Fine Scale ◽  
Migratory Fish ◽  
Movement Rates ◽  
Downstream Movement

Partial barriers to migration can affect migratory fish population dynamics and be influenced by many biotic, abiotic, and anthropogenic factors, including nutritional deficiencies. We investigated how such variables (including a thiamine deficiency) impact fine-scale movement of landlocked Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) by treating returning spawners with thiamine and observing their attempts to climb a human-altered, high velocity stretch of river using fine-scale radio telemetry. Multiple re-entries into a river section, along with water temperature, strongly influenced movement rates. High or increasing discharge encouraged downstream movement; males abandoned migratory attempts at a higher rate than females. Although thiamine-injected salmon exhibited greater migratory duration, this did not produce a measurable improvement in passage performance, possibly due to the difficulty associated with this section of river — among 24 tagged salmon staging 10.9 attempts each and lasting 1.5 days per attempt on average, only three traversed the entire reach. This study provides new insights into how biotic and abiotic variables affect fish movement, while suggesting limits to the potential for human intervention (thiamine injections) to assist passage through partial migratory barriers.

scholarly journals Genomic signatures of fine-scale local selection in Atlantic salmon suggest involvement of sexual maturation, energy homeostasis and immune defence-related genes

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (11) ◽  
pp. 2560-2575 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria L. Pritchard ◽  
Hannu Mäkinen ◽  
Juha-Pekka Vähä ◽  
Jaakko Erkinaro ◽  
Panu Orell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Sexual Maturation ◽  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Immune Defence ◽  
Fine Scale ◽  
Genomic Signatures ◽  
Local Selection

scholarly journals Variable habitat selection and movement patterns among Bullsnake (Pituophis catenifer sayi) populations in Saskatchewan

2019 ◽  
Vol 132 (2) ◽  
pp. 126-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tera L. Edkins ◽  
Christopher M. Somers ◽  
Mark C. Vanderwel ◽  
Miranda J. Sadar ◽  
Ray G. Poulin
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Selection ◽  
Radio Telemetry ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
Space Use ◽  
Fine Scale ◽  
Range Limit ◽  
Northern Range Limit ◽  
Range Overlap ◽  
Conservation Concern ◽  
River Valleys

Pituophis catenifer sayi (Bullsnake) is a sparsely studied subspecies of conservation concern in Canada. Basic ecological information is lacking for P. c. sayi, which reaches its northern range limit in western Canada. To address this gap, we used radio-telemetry to examine space use and habitat selection in three populations of Bullsnakes in disjunct river valley systems (Frenchman, Big Muddy, and South Saskatchewan River Valleys) across their Saskatchewan range. Bullsnakes in two valleys used up to three times more space, travelled 2.5-times farther from overwintering sites, and had lower home range overlap than the third population. Landscape-level habitat selection was flexible, with snakes in all populations using both natural and human-modified habitats most frequently. Fine-scale habitat selection was also similar among populations, with Bullsnakes selecting sites within 1 m of refuges, regardless of whether they were natural or anthropogenic. Based on these results, Bullsnakes are flexible in their broad scale habitat use, as long as they are provided with fine scale refuge sites. The distribution of key seasonal resources appears to ultimately determine space use and habitat selection by Bullsnakes, regardless of the geographic location of the population.

scholarly journals The effects of oxygen depletion due to upwelling groundwater on the posthatch fitness of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)

2016 ◽  
Vol 73 (12) ◽  
pp. 1830-1840 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack Bloomer ◽  
David Sear ◽  
Peter Dutey-Magni ◽  
Paul Kemp
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Oxygen Depletion ◽  
Hyporheic Exchange ◽  
Fine Scale ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
Effect Of Oxygen ◽  
Scale Control

The conditions experienced by incubating Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) eggs are strongly influenced by hyporheic exchange. In some rivers, periods of intense groundwater upwelling can reduce oxygen levels in the incubation zone to 0% saturation. The present study investigated the effect of oxygen sags on the posthatch fitness of Atlantic salmon. A laboratory experiment allowed fine-scale control of oxygen concentrations to replicate those induced by low oxygen groundwater in rivers. Extreme oxygen sags in the earlier stages of embryo development resulted in a developmental lag with alevin hatching later and at an underdeveloped state. At the latest stages of development, oxygen sags caused premature hatching of severely underdeveloped alevin. These findings combined with a review of the literature suggest posthatch survival of embryos exposed to groundwater-induced hypoxia will be lower because of predation and poor competitiveness.

The occurrence ofCaryophyllaeus laticepsin the naseChondrostoma nasusfrom Austrian rivers: possible anthropogenic factors

2008 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Jirsa ◽  
R. Konecny ◽  
C. Frank
Keyword(s):  
Ecological Integrity ◽  
First Record ◽  
Fish Population ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Mean Intensity ◽  
Chondrostoma Nasus ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Low Prevalence ◽  
Anthropogenic Alterations ◽  
High Degree

AbstractBetween April 2003 and November 2006 a total of 198 naseChondrostoma nasus(L.) were examined for parasites from seven river sites in Austria. The selected sites showed different levels of anthropogenic alterations in river morphology ranging from pristine areas, with minor anthropogenic alterations, to strongly physically altered rivers. A variety of parasites were recovered from the skin, gills, swimbladder and eyes, withCaryophyllaeus laticeps(Pallas) being identified as the only cestode species occurring in the intestine. This is the first record of this species in nase in Austria.Caryophyllaeus laticepswas confined to the first 20% of the intestine, even in heavily infected hosts. The occurrence ofC. laticepswithin the fish population seems to be correlated with the degree of anthropogenic changes of the nase's habitat. In rivers with a high degree of ecological integrity or in rivers that are only partially dammed,C. laticepsis either absent inC. nasusor occurs with low prevalence (5.6–20%) and low mean intensity values (1.0–4.0). Where anthropogenic factors have changed the entire river into a reservoir, and fish cannot escape, the prevalence of infection withC. laticepsincreases from 46.2 to 78.2% and the mean intensity from 8.8 to 17.2.

scholarly journals A fine-scale multi-step approach to understand fish recruitment variability

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo Brosset ◽  
Andrew Douglas Smith ◽  
Stéphane Plourde ◽  
Martin Castonguay ◽  
Caroline Lehoux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Egg Production ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Synergetic Effect ◽  
Fish Population ◽  
Larval Survival ◽  
Population Characteristics ◽  
Environmental Drivers ◽  
Fine Scale ◽  
Atlantic Mackerel ◽  
Spatio Temporal

Abstract Recruitment is one of the dominant processes regulating fish population productivity. It is, however, notoriously difficult to predict, as it is the result of a complex multi-step process. Various fine-scale drivers might act on the pathway from adult population characteristics to spawning behaviour and egg production, and then to recruitment. Here, we provide a holistic analysis of the Northwest Atlantic mackerel recruitment process from 1982 to 2017 and exemplify why broad-scale recruitment–environment relationships could become unstable over time. Various demographic and environmental drivers had a synergetic effect on recruitment, but larval survival through a spatio-temporal match with prey was shown to be the key process. Recruitment was also mediated by maternal effects and a parent–offspring fitness trade-off due to the different feeding regimes of adults and larvae. A mismatch curtails the effects of high larval prey densities, so that despite the abundance of food in recent years, recruitment was relatively low and the pre-existing relationship with overall prey abundance broke down. Our results reaffirm major recruitment hypotheses and demonstrate the importance of fine-scale processes along the recruitment pathway, helping to improve recruitment predictions and potentially fisheries management.

scholarly journals Proactive avoidance behaviour and pace-of-life syndrome in Atlantic salmon

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 181859 ◽  
Author(s):  
Børge Damsgård ◽  
Tor H. Evensen ◽  
Øyvind Øverli ◽  
Marnix Gorissen ◽  
Lars O. E. Ebbesson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Developmental Rate ◽  
Fish Population ◽  
Fast Growth ◽  
Individual Growth ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Oxygen Saturation Level ◽  
Pace Of Life ◽  
Post Stress

Individuals in a fish population differ in key life-history traits such as growth rate and body size. This raises the question of whether such traits cluster along a fast-slow growth continuum according to a pace-of-life syndrome (POLS). Fish species like salmonids may develop a bimodal size distribution, providing an opportunity to study the relationships between individual growth and behavioural responsiveness. Here we test whether proactive characteristics (bold behaviour coupled with low post-stress cortisol production) are related to fast growth and developmental rate in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar . Boldness was tested in a highly controlled two-tank hypoxia test were oxygen levels were gradually decreased in one of the tanks. All fish became inactive close to the bottom at 70% oxygen saturation. At 40% oxygen saturation level a fraction of the fish actively sought to avoid hypoxia. A proactive stress coping style was verified by lower cortisol response to a standardized stressor. Two distinct clusters of bimodal growth trajectories were identified, with fast growth and early smoltification in 80% of the total population. There was a higher frequency of proactive than reactive individuals in this fast-developing fraction of fish. The smolts were associated with higher post-stress plasma cortisol than parr, and the proactive smolts leaving hypoxia had significant lower post-stress cortisol than the stayers. The study demonstrated a link between a proactive coping and fast growth and developmental ratio and suggests that selection for domestic production traits promotes this trait cluster.

Differences Between Two Populations of Landlocked Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) in Newfoundland

1969 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 1585-1596 ◽  
Author(s):  
William C. Leggett ◽  
G. Power
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Gasterosteus Aculeatus ◽  
Fish Population ◽  
Oligotrophic Lake ◽  
Forage Fish ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
Invertebrate Population ◽  
Two Populations ◽  
Sexually Mature

Differences in growth rates, longevity, fecundity, and time of spawning between two populations of landlocked Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in Newfoundland were attributed to food quality and quantity. Salmon in Flatwater Pond, an oligotrophic lake with a poor invertebrate population and no forage fish, grew slowly (145 mm at age 2+, 245 mm at age 5+), suffered high mortality (approximately 60% in males after age 2+ and in females after age 3+), had very low fecundity (an average of 153 eggs per female), and were sexually mature by late August. Salmon in Gambo Pond, an oligotrophic lake with a good invertebrate population and an ample forage fish population in the form of Gasterosteus aculeatus, grew more rapidly reaching 157 mm at age 2+, 367 mm by age 5+, and 437 mm by age 8+. Longevity of the Gambo Pond stock was greater than that of Flatwater Pond (39.6% of the Gambo sample were older than 4+ years compared with 3.2% for Flatwater Pond). Gambo Pond salmon are not sexually mature until October.Salmon in both lakes exhibited seasonal movement into deeper water when the surface warmed above 14 C. At Flatwater Pond this movement contributed to an early end to the growing season.Scale reading was found to be an unreliable method for determining past spawning activity. Spawning marks were found on only 1 of 17 females known to have spawned previously.

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