scholarly journals Macroecology of fish community biomass – size structure: effects of invasive species and river regulation

2019 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Keller Kopf ◽  
Paul Humphries ◽  
Nick R. Bond ◽  
Neil C. Sims ◽  
Robyn J. Watts ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Common Carp ◽  
Fish Community ◽  
Trophic Ecology ◽  
River Flow ◽  
Native Fish ◽  
Fish Biomass ◽  
Scaling Exponent ◽  
Mass Scaling

The biomass of organisms of different sizes is increasingly being used to explore macroscale variation in food-web and community structure. Here we examine how invasive species and river flow regulation affect native fish biomass and fish community log10 biomass – body mass scaling relationships in Australia’s largest river system, the Murray–Darling. The log10 biomass – body mass scaling exponent (scaling B) of invasive fishes (95% CI: −0.14 to −0.18) was less negative than for native fishes (95% CI: −0.20 to −0.25), meaning that invasive species attained a higher biomass in larger size-classes compared to native species. Flow alteration and invasive common carp (Cyprinus carpio) biomass were correlated with severe reductions in native fish biomass ranging from −47% to −68% (95% CI). Our study provides novel evidence suggesting that invasive and native communities have different biomass – body mass scaling patterns, which likely depend on differences in their trophic ecology and body size distributions. Our results suggest that restoration efforts using environmental flows and common carp control has potential to boost native fish biomass to more than double the current level.

scholarly journals The influence of natural flow and temperature and introduced brown trout on the temporal variation in native fish abundance in a “reference” stream

2019 ◽  
Vol 76 (5) ◽  
pp. 705-722 ◽  
Author(s):  
John W. Hayes ◽  
Eric O. Goodwin ◽  
Joanne E. Clapcott ◽  
Karen A. Shearer
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Variation ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Fish Community ◽  
River Flow ◽  
Fish Population ◽  
Large River ◽  
Fish Abundance ◽  
Native Fish ◽  
Natural Flow ◽  
Upper South

Understanding what drives variation in fish abundance at reference sites provides perspective for assessing the effects of human alterations to river flow and land use. We examined temporal variation in fish community abundance in a headwater tributary of a large river in the upper South Island (New Zealand) over 10 years. We were interested in the influence of natural flow variation and temperature on native fish abundance within the context of potential competition/predation pressure from juvenile introduced trout. Results from biannual sampling highlighted the dominating influence of floods on fish population dynamics, overriding biotic effects. We found no evidence for adverse effects of trout on native fish, and flow-related habitat performed more poorly in explaining variation in fish abundance than low- and median-flow statistics. Differences in temporal variation in abundance between species were largely consistent with life histories that provide resistance and (or) resilience to flood flows and relative insensitivity to low flows. Long-term data (≥10 years) are needed for detecting meaningful trends and quantifying the effects of human activities on fish community abundance.

scholarly journals Environmental DNA revealed the fish community of Hokkaido Island, Japan, after invasion by rainbow trout

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akio Imamura ◽  
Kana Hayami ◽  
Masayuki Sakata ◽  
Toshifumi Minamoto
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Species Richness ◽  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Fish Community ◽  
Environmental Dna ◽  
Native Fish ◽  
Native Salmonids ◽  
Hokkaido Island

In freshwater ecosystems, invasive salmonid fishes can have a significant impact on native fish species. Detecting the invasion and its negative effects is critical for the conservation of native fish communities. We examined the species composition and seasonal changes in the freshwater fish community, including salmonids, on the Kamikawa Plain, Hokkaido Island, Japan, using environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding. We detected 23 fish species in 176 samples collected from 16 sites over 12 months (October 2018 – August 2019). Between 11 and 20 species were detected at each site, including five native salmonids (Oncorhynchus masou, Oncorhynchus keta, Parahucho perryi, Salvelinus leucomaenis leucomaenis and Salvelinus malma krascheninnikova). The invasive alien rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss was detected at all 16 sites and it was the most commonly detected salmonid. Although we found no obvious competitive exclusion of native salmonids by rainbow trout in the study area, the invasive species occurred more often and at more sites than any of the natives. We also determined the occurrence and seasonal changes in the fish community, classified as native salmonids, invasive rainbow trout, Cypriniformes and other benthic fishes. There were fewer species overall in winter, but the sites with higher species richness in winter were on the lower reaches of the river. In addition, we detected domestic invaders, such as the topmouth gudgeon, Pseudorasbora parva, although they were less prevalent than rainbow trout. These results show the effectiveness of eDNA metabarcoding, which can be used for surveying species richness at an ecosystem scale. In particular, the detection of the early stages of establishment and spread of invasive species can be achieved by eDNA monitoring.

Dimensional analysis does not determine a mass exponent for metabolic scaling

1987 ◽  
Vol 253 (1) ◽  
pp. R195-R199 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Butler ◽  
H. A. Feldman ◽  
J. J. Fredberg
Keyword(s):  
Dimensional Analysis ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Power Law ◽  
Recent Article ◽  
Scaling Exponent ◽  
Metabolic Scaling ◽  
Mass Scaling ◽  
The Relationship

In several recent article, Heusner used dimensional reasoning to derive important biological conclusions regarding the scaling of metabolism with body mass [Respir. Physiol. 48: 13-25, 1982; J. Appl. Physiol. 54: 867-873, 1983; Am. J. Physiol. 246 (Regulatory Integrative Comp. Physiol. 15): R839-R845, 1984]. We demonstrate errors in the derivation and show that dimensional analysis, correctly applied, not only fails to determine the mass scaling exponent but also fails to constrain the relationship to a power law at all.

scholarly journals Ventilation in Namib Desert Tenebrionid Beetles: Mass Scaling and Evidence of a Novel Quantized Flutter-Phase

1991 ◽  
Vol 159 (1) ◽  
pp. 249-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOHN R. B. LIGHTON
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Co2 Emission ◽  
Emission Rate ◽  
Co2 Production ◽  
Scaling Exponent ◽  
Namib Desert ◽  
Mass Scaling ◽  
River Bed ◽  
Co2 Output ◽  
Emission Volume

The mass scaling of discontinuous ventilation (DV) phenomena in adult motionless insects is currently unknown. I present DV phenomena from 10 species of Namib Desert tenebrionid beetles; four from the dune-sea habitat, five from the river-bed habitat and one from the gravel plain habitat, which is characterized by very low and patchy resource availability. This species differed from the others in many respects. However, all species exhibited a previously undescribed, convective and quantized F phase ventilation (ISP, or intermittent serial pulsation, phase). For dune-sea and river-bed habitat species, all DV characteristics except DV frequency (V phase CO2 emission volume and rate, total and per-burst ISP phase CO2 emission volume, and total rate) scaled tightly with body mass with a scaling exponent close to 1.0 (typical r2>0.95-0.98), as did overall rate of CO2 production and hence metabolic rate (MR). Consequently these parameters were independent of body mass when expressed on a mass-specific basis, explaining the independence of body mass and DV frequency. These findings are compatible with published DV data in other species and orders of insects, suggesting that these scaling phenomena may be widespread. The gravel plain species (Epiphysa arenicola) had an MR of 38%, V phase CO2 volume of 41% and V phase CO2 emission rate of 23% of those predicted on the basis of its body mass, and it emitted a greater proportion of CO2 during its ISP phase (47% vs 24% of total CO2 output per DV cycle in the other species). It is suggested that these discrepancies are respiratory and ventilatory adaptations to scarce and patchy energy and water availability.

Native fish diversity alters the effects of an invasive species on food webs

Ecology ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 91 (10) ◽  
pp. 2965-2974 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael P. Carey ◽  
David H. Wahl
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Food Webs ◽  
Native Fish ◽  
Fish Diversity

scholarly journals Fish diversity of floodplain lakes on the lower stretch of the Solimões River

2004 ◽  
Vol 64 (3a) ◽  
pp. 501-510 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. K. Siqueira-Souza ◽  
C. E. C. Freitas
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Fish Community ◽  
River Flow ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Floodplain Lakes ◽  
Fish Diversity ◽  
The Town ◽  
Solimões River

The fish community of the Solimões floodplain lakes was studied by bimonthly samples taken from May 2001 to April 2002. These were carried out at lakes Maracá (03º51'33"S, 62º35'08,6"W), Samaúma (03º50'42,1"S, 61º39'49,3"W), and Sumaúma and Sacambú (03º17'11,6"S and 60º04'31,4"W), located between the town of Coari and the confluence of the Solimões and Negro rivers. Collections were done with 15 gillnets of standardized dimensions with several mesh sizes. We collected 1,313 animals distributed in 77 species, belonging to 55 genera of 20 families and 5 orders. Characiformes was the most abundant Order, with a larger number of representatives in the Serrasalmidae and Curimatidae. The most abundant species in the samplings were Psectrogaster rutiloides (132 individuals), Pigocentrus nattereri (115 individuals), and Serrasalmus elongatus (109 individuals). Lakes Samaúma, Sacambú, and Sumaúma were adjusted to logarithmic and lognormal series. The diversity exhibited an inverse gradient to the river flow, showing the highest diversity at Lake Sumaúma, followed by Samaúma, Sacambú, and Maracá. Species richness estimated through the jackknife technique ranged from 78 to 107 species.

Production of YY Supermale and XY Physiological Female Common Carp for Potential Eradication of this Invasive Species

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 315-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mouyan Jiang ◽  
Xingxing Wu ◽  
Kuangxin Chen ◽  
Hongrui Luo ◽  
Wei Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Common Carp

Clutch Mass, Offspring Mass, and Clutch Size: Body Mass Scaling and Taxonomic and Environmental Variation

2018 ◽  
pp. 68-97
Author(s):  
Douglas S. Glazier
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Clutch Size ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Life History Evolution ◽  
Offspring Size ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Mass Scaling ◽  
Scaling Relationships ◽  
Clutch Mass

In this chapter, I show how clutch mass, offspring (egg) mass, and clutch size relate to body mass among species of branchiopod, maxillipod, and malacostracan crustaceans, as well as how these important life history traits vary among major taxa and environments independently of body size. Clutch mass relates strongly and nearly isometrically to body mass, probably because of physical volumetric constraints. By contrast, egg mass and clutch size relate more weakly and curvilinearly to body mass and vary in inverse proportion to one another, thus indicating a fundamental trade-off, which occurs within many crustacean taxa as well. In general, offspring (egg) size and number and their relationships to body mass appear to be more ecologically sensitive and evolutionarily malleable than clutch mass. The body mass scaling relationships of egg mass and clutch size show much more taxonomic and ecological variation (log-log scaling slopes varying from near 0 to almost 1 among major taxa) than do those for clutch mass, a pattern also observed in other animal taxa. The curvilinear body mass scaling relationships of egg mass and number also suggest a significant, size-related shift in how natural selection affects offspring versus maternal fitness. As body size increases, selection apparently predominantly favors increases in offspring size and fitness up to an asymptote, beyond which increases in offspring number and thus maternal fitness are preferentially favored. Crustaceans not only offer excellent opportunities for furthering our general understanding of life history evolution, but also their ecological and economic importance warrants further study of the various factors affecting their reproductive success.

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