scholarly journals Size-specific apparent survival rate estimates of white sharks using mark–recapture models

2019 ◽  
Vol 76 (11) ◽  
pp. 2027-2034 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul E. Kanive ◽  
Jay J. Rotella ◽  
Salvador J. Jorgensen ◽  
Taylor K. Chapple ◽  
James E. Hines ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Standard Error ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Vital Rates ◽  
Apparent Survival ◽  
Carcharodon Carcharias ◽  
Marine Predator ◽  
Sex Assignment ◽  
Capture Recapture ◽  
Potential Challenge

For species that exist at low abundance or are otherwise difficult to study, it is challenging to estimate vital rates such as survival and fecundity and common to assume that survival rates are constant across ages and sexes. Population assessments based on overly simplistic vital rates can lead to erroneous conclusions. We estimated sex- and length-based annual apparent survival rates for white sharks (Carcharodon carcharias). We found evidence that annual apparent survival differed over ontogeny in a system with competitive foraging aggregations, from 0.63 (standard error (SE) = 0.08) for newly recruiting subadults to 0.95 (SE = 0.02) for the largest sharks. Our results reveal a potential challenge to ontogenetic recruitment in a long-lived, highly mobile top marine predator, as survival rates for subadult white sharks may be lower than previously assumed. Alternatively, younger and competitively inferior individuals may be forced to permanently emigrate from primary foraging sites. This study provides new methodology for estimating apparent survival as a function of diverse covariates by capture–recapture study, including when sex assignment is uncertain.

scholarly journals Demographic consequences of climate variation along an elevational gradient for a montane terrestrial salamander

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas M. Caruso ◽  
Leslie J. Rissler
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rates ◽  
Elevational Gradient ◽  
Vital Rates ◽  
Life History Variation ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Active Season ◽  
Asymptotic Size ◽  
Capture Recapture ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractClimate change represents a significant threat to amphibians, which are already imperiled. However, for many species, the relationship between demographic vital rates (survival and growth) and climate is unknown, which limits predictive models. Here we describe the life history variation ofPlethodon montanususing capture-recapture data over a period of four years, at five sites along an elevational gradient to determine how survival and growth vary with temperature, precipitation, and how these relationships vary with elevation. We used a hierarchical model to estimate asymptotic size and growth rate, and used a spatial Cormack-Jolly-Seber model to estimate probability of capture and survival, as well as dispersal variance. Our results show that during the active season, growth and survival rates are both positively affected by precipitation, while survival was positively affected by temperature at all elevations, the relationship between growth rates and temperature varied along the elevational gradient. Generally at lower elevations, higher temperatures led to a decrease in growth while at higher elevations the opposite was true. During the inactive season we found elevational variation in the relationship between survival and the amount of snow; at low elevations snowfall was low but survival decreased with increasing snowfall while at higher elevations increasing snowfall lead to higher survival. Our results demonstrate that understanding how the environment can affect salamander demography to develop mechanistic models, will require knowledge of the actual environmental conditions experienced by a given population as well as an understanding of the overall differences in climate at a given site.

Survival rates of a reintroduced population of the Crested Ibis Nipponia nippon in Ningshan County (Shaanxi, China)

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
YANFANG LI ◽  
XINPING YE ◽  
MIN WANG ◽  
XIA LI ◽  
RONG DONG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Shaanxi Province ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Annual Survival ◽  
Nipponia Nippon ◽  
Crested Ibis ◽  
Adult Sex Ratio ◽  
Capture Recapture ◽  
Reintroduced Population

SummaryA reintroduction project for the endangered Crested Ibis Nipponia nippon was conducted in Ningshan County (Shaanxi Province) on May 31, 2007. Post-release monitoring of the survival of the reintroduced population was carried out extensively from 2008 to 2015. Data collected over eight years after release were used to estimate the annual survival rate for different cohorts using a Cormack-Jolly-Seber model with capture-recapture data. The mean annual survival rates for all individuals were estimated to be 0.738 (95% CI: 0.547–0.801) and 0.752 (95% CI: 0.478–0.887) for released birds. For different age classes in the recipient population, the survival rates were estimated to be 0.384 (95% CI: 0.277–0.504), 0.853 (95% CI: 0.406–0.978), and 0.812 (95% CI: 0.389–0.950) for yearlings, juveniles and adults, respectively. The higher mortality for yearlings has greatly decreased the survival rate and our focal population was indeed sensitive to changes in yearling survival. Therefore, effective protection of yearlings was crucial to population persistence, as well as to juveniles and adults. The large proportion of mature individuals in our focal population indicated a gradually growing population. There was a slight bias towards males in the adult sex ratio with the increase of wild-born offspring, but it was not statistically significant. Therefore, we conclude that the primary goal of establishing a self-sustaining population of the Crested Ibis in part of their historical range has been achieved. Finally, we discuss factors affecting the survival of the reintroduced population and we propose some changes for future management of endangered species.

scholarly journals Leopard Panthera pardus density and survival in an ecosystem with depressed abundance of prey and dominant competitors

Oryx ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Milan A. Vinks ◽  
Scott Creel ◽  
Elias Rosenblatt ◽  
Matthew S. Becker ◽  
Paul Schuette ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rates ◽  
Panthera Pardus ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Game Management ◽  
Apparent Survival ◽  
Large Herbivores ◽  
North Central ◽  
Carnivore Species ◽  
Capture Recapture ◽  
Prey Depletion

Abstract The leopard Panthera pardus is in range-wide decline, and many populations are highly threatened. Prey depletion is a major cause of global carnivore declines, but the response of leopard survival and density to this threat is unclear: by reducing the density of a dominant competitor (the lion Panthera leo) prey depletion could create both costs and benefits for subordinate competitors. We used capture–recapture models fitted to data from a 7-year camera-trap study in Kafue National Park, Zambia, to obtain baseline estimates of leopard population density and sex-specific apparent survival rates. Kafue is affected by prey depletion, and densities of large herbivores preferred by lions have declined more than the densities of smaller herbivores preferred by leopards. Lion density is consequently low. Estimates of leopard density were comparable to ecosystems with more intensive protection and favourable prey densities. However, our study site is located in an area with good ecological conditions and high levels of protection relative to other portions of the ecosystem, so extrapolating our estimates across the Park or into adjacent Game Management Areas would not be valid. Our results show that leopard density and survival within north-central Kafue remain good despite prey depletion, perhaps because (1) prey depletion has had weaker effects on preferred leopard prey compared to larger prey preferred by lions, and (2) the density of dominant competitors is consequently low. Our results show that the effects of prey depletion can be more complex than uniform decline of all large carnivore species, and warrant further investigation.

New insight on survivorship of female chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra) from observation of marked animals

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 591-597 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Loison ◽  
J. M. Gaillard ◽  
H. Houssin
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Significant Decline ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Age Classes ◽  
Rupicapra Rupicapra ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
Capture Recapture ◽  
Survival Patterns

A population of about 1500 chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra) was monitored in the French Alps between 1985 and 1991 by observing individually marked animals. Data on resighting of marked females were analyzed using capture–recapture models. Resighting probabilities were time dependent and survival rates were age dependent. The annual survival rate was low in juveniles (0.58) and high in adults (0.96). Maturing animals (1.5–3.5 years old) had lower survival rates (0.91) than adults. Older age-classes exhibited no significant decline in survival rates. Survival patterns are compared with those from a previous study in New Zealand, and biological and methodological differences between the two studies are discussed.

scholarly journals Survival of Band-Tailed Manakins

The Condor ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 109 (1) ◽  
pp. 167-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
James W. Pearce-Higgins ◽  
Robin C. Brace ◽  
Jon Hornbuckle
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rates ◽  
Adult Survival ◽  
First Year ◽  
Forest Site ◽  
Forest Fragment ◽  
Apparent Survival ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Capture Recapture ◽  
Parsimonious Model ◽  
Initial Capture

Abstract Abstract We modeled annual apparent survival of Band-tailed Manakins (Pipra fasciicauda) inhabiting a contiguous forest site and a 10.9 ha forest fragment in lowland Bolivia based on six years of capture-recapture data. There was significant age-related variation in apparent survival, but adult survival rates did not differ significantly with sex. Apparent survival rates of immature birds differed between the two locations, while adult survival rates did not. The most parsimonious model therefore estimated annual survival at 10% for immature birds in the contiguous forest site, 53% for immature birds in the forest fragment, 46% for adults in the first year after initial capture and 68% for adults in subsequent years. Forest fragmentation may have reduced immature dispersal, leading to inflated apparent survival rates in the forest fragment.

scholarly journals Low first-year apparent survival of passerines in abandoned fields in northwestern Russia

The Condor ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 122 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dmitry Shitikov ◽  
Viktoria Grudinskaya ◽  
Tatiana Makarova ◽  
Tatiana Vaytina ◽  
Svetlana Fedotova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Variable Parameter ◽  
Major Effect ◽  
First Year ◽  
Natal Philopatry ◽  
Apparent Survival ◽  
Abandoned Fields ◽  
Booted Warbler ◽  
Northwestern Russia

Abstract First-year survival probability of migratory passerines during the period between fledging and first reproduction is a highly variable parameter that has a major effect on population dynamics. We used a long-term mark–recapture dataset (2002–2018) to examine first-year survival of 3 passerine species breeding in abandoned agricultural fields of northwestern Russia: Booted Warbler (Iduna caligata), Whinchat (Saxicola rubetra), and Western Yellow Wagtail (Motacilla flava). We banded 3,457 nestlings, including 1,363 Booted Warblers, 1,699 Whinchats, and 395 Western Yellow Wagtails, and resighted 12 Booted Warblers, 29 Whinchats, and 13 Western Yellow Wagtails in the year after fledging. We evaluated first-year apparent survival rates using Cormack-Jolly-Seber models in MARK program within the multispecies approach. We tested effect of fledge date on the first-year apparent survival. In all focal species, first-year apparent survival rates were low and reached the lower limits known for migratory passerines. We found no differences in first-year survival rates among the 3 species: the estimated average first-year apparent survival rate of all species was 0.05 ± 0.01. The fledge date had a considerable impact on first-year survival rate: later fledge dates negatively affected first-year survival. We suggest that first-year apparent survival rates in our study were low due to low natal philopatry and high mortality in the post-fledging period. Low apparent first-year survival may be a specific feature of open-nesting birds breeding in abandoned fields that are low-quality habitats because of high predation pressure.

Apparent survival, natal philopatry, and recruitment of Barrow’s goldeneyes (Bucephala islandica) in the Cariboo–Chilcotin region of British Columbia, Canada

2009 ◽  
Vol 87 (4) ◽  
pp. 337-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. S. Boyd ◽  
B. D. Smith ◽  
S. A. Iverson ◽  
M. R. Evans ◽  
J. E. Thompson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Limited Resources ◽  
Natal Philopatry ◽  
Apparent Survival ◽  
Reproductive Maturity ◽  
Bucephala Islandica ◽  
Best Fit

We used capture–resight data to evaluate apparent survival, natal philopatry, and recruitment of Barrow’s goldeneyes ( Bucephala islandica (Gmelin, 1789)) in British Columbia, Canada. Median ages of first pairing and first breeding for females were 2 years and 3 years, respectively. The Cormack–Jolly–Seber model that best fit our data indicated that apparent survival rates (Φ) differed according to sex, year, and age class at marking. Estimates were similar for after-hatch-year (AHY) females (0.62) and AHY males (0.58), which was consistent with predictions. However, contrary to predictions, apparent survival rates of hatch-year (HY) females (0.68) were similar to those of AHY females and significantly higher than those of HY males (0.35). We interpret this difference as being primarily related to higher dispersal probabilities by HY males. Also evident was a negative correlation between apparent survival rate during the 1st year after capture for HY birds and their subsequent apparent survival rates, which suggests that probability of dispersal increased after these birds reached reproductive maturity and began to compete for breeding territories. We interpret this as evidence for density-dependent control of access to limited resources such as nest cavities.

Estimation of juvenile survival, adult survival, and age-specific pupping probabilities for the female grey seal (Halichoerus gryprus) on Sable Island from capture-recapture data

2000 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 247-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl J Schwarz ◽  
Wayne T Stobo
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Adult Survival ◽  
Juvenile Survival ◽  
Grey Seal ◽  
Capture Recapture ◽  
Adult Survival Rate

We use a longitudinal capture-recapture study from resightings of grey seals (Halichoerus gryprus) branded as young on Sable Island to estimate (i) the juvenile survival rate from the time of branding to age 4, (ii) the yearly adult survival rate from age 4 to age 9, and (iii) the age-specific pupping probabilities, i.e., the probability that a seal will first give birth at each age. The estimated juvenile survival rate from branding (just after weaning) to age 4 ranged from 70 to 80%; however, the lower values are known to be biased low because the study was terminated early. The estimated yearly adult survival rates for ages 4-9 ranged from 0.88 to 0.92·year-1. The estimated probabilities of first giving birth to a young seal (pupping) at ages 4-9 are 0.28, 0.41, 0.18, 0.06, 0.05, and 0.02, respectively, and the estimated average age of first pupping is 5.2 years.

Estimation of age-dependent survival rates of female tsetse flies (Diptera: Glossinidae) from ovarian age distributions

1999 ◽  
Vol 89 (6) ◽  
pp. 515-521 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Jarry ◽  
J.P. Gouteux ◽  
M. Khaladi
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Age Distribution ◽  
Likelihood Method ◽  
Tsetse Flies ◽  
Apparent Survival ◽  
Tsetse Control ◽  
Average Survival ◽  
Eigen Value

AbstractExisting attempts to estimate the survival rate of tsetse flies from ovarian age distributions generally assume that the population is stationary. The fact that the survival rate cannot be dissociated from the growth rate by these methods poses a problem. Under the assumption of a stable age distribution, we propose a maximum likelihood method to estimate the ‘apparent survival rate’ for three categories of females: nulliparous (β0), young parous (β1) and old parous flies (β2). The rate depends both on ‘real survival rates’ a0, a1 and a2, and a growth rate λ: β0 = a0/λ, β1 = a1/λ, and β2= a2/λ. We used a matrix model, which can be parameterized if the pupal survival rate and the pupal period are known. Replacing a0, a1 and a2 by β0,λ, β1λ, and β2λin the projection matrix, the problem amounts to calculating its dominant eigen-value λ, and hence a0, a1 and a2. The application to a field population of Glossina palpalis gambiensis Vanderplank in Burkina Faso showed there was a marked difference in survival rate according to age category. The average survival rate increased with age with decreasing variability. The results suggested that sampling (by trapping) may have had an effect on the dynamics of this tsetse population by ageing it artificially. This method may be a useful tool for monitoring tsetse control.

Mark-recapture estimates of the survival and recapture rates of Cerambyx welensii Küster (Coleoptera cerambycidae) in a cork oak dehesa in Huelva (Spain)

2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 431-441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gloria López-Pantoja ◽  
Luis Nevado ◽  
Israel Sánchez-Osorio
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rates ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
Cork Oak ◽  
Female Group ◽  
Doñana National Park ◽  
Apparent Survival ◽  
Community Interest ◽  
Capture Recapture ◽  
Cerambyx Welensii

AbstractThe oak decline is probably the most severe plant health problem faced in the Mediterranean region which is one of the habitats of community interest under the EU’s environmental legal regime. More information on the role of Cerambycids species in this decay is still needed. This paper reports the apparent survival rate (Phi) and recapture rate (P) for a population of Cerambyx welensii Küster (Coleoptera cerambycidae) in a highly degraded cork oak grove near the Doñana National Park (Huelva, Spain) as calculated using the mark-capture-recapture method. High and constants in the time values of apparent survival rates for males and females are detected. The male overall recapture rate (P) exceeded that of the female group with relatively low, but significant, values. The presence of transient individuals suggests a nucleus of population with many immigrants and emigrants in the study plot. The results are used to discuss various aspects of the insect biology, and the potential effect of the gradual deterioration of the studied ecosystem on theinsect population it supports.

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