Species-specific vulnerability to angling and its size-selectivity in sympatric stream salmonids

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun-ichi Tsuboi ◽  
Kentaro Morita ◽  
Genki Sahashi ◽  
Mari Kuroki ◽  
Shinya Baba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Masu Salmon ◽  
Catch Per Unit Effort ◽  
Size Selectivity ◽  
Dolly Varden ◽  
Recreational Angling ◽  
Natural Streams ◽  
Specific Vulnerability ◽  
Species Specific

In mixed fisheries where multiple species are caught, to manage resources sustainably, knowledge about the species-specific vulnerability to fishing is equally or even more important than knowledge of size-selectivity of the gear. We compared the vulnerability to bait recreational angling in four salmonids in natural streams. The ranking of species-specific angling vulnerability was as follows (from highest to lowest): rainbow trout, white-spotted charr, masu salmon, and Dolly Varden. In all species, larger individuals were more vulnerable to angling, but there were differences in the size-dependence between species. In rainbow trout and Dolly Varden (which have a non-anadromous life-history in the study area) the probability of being caught monotonically increased with body size, while the vulnerability to angling in masu salmon and white-spotted charr (which have an anadromous life-history in the study area) showed a domed shaped pattern. We found that across the species the catch-per-unit effort showed a hyperstable relationship with population density. Therefore, diminishing local populations are prone to collapse, and this collapse would be hard to foresee based on catch rate data alone.

scholarly journals Effect of NaCl on seed germination in some Centaurium Hill. Species (Gentianaceae)

2007 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 227-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Zivkovic ◽  
M. Devic ◽  
B. Filipovic ◽  
Z. Giba ◽  
D. Grubisic
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
White Light ◽  
The Other ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Nacl Concentration ◽  
History Of ◽  
Species Specific

The influence of high NaCl concentrations on seed germination in both light and darkness was examined in the species Centaurium pulchellum, C. erythraea, C. littorale, C. spicatum, and C. tenuiflorum. Salt tolerance was found to depend on the life history of the seeds. To be specific, seeds of all five species failed to complete germination when exposed to continuous white light if kept all the time in the presence of 100-200 mM and greater NaCl concentrations. However, when after two weeks NaCl was rinsed from the seeds and the seeds were left in distilled water under white light for an additional two weeks, all species completed germination to a certain extent. The percent of germination not only depended on NaCl concentration in the prior medium, but was also species specific. Thus, seeds of C. pulchellum, C. erythraea, and C. littorale completed germination well almost irrespective of the salt concentration previously experienced. On the other hand, seeds of C. tenuiflorum completed germination poorly if NaCl concentrations in the prior media were greater than 200 mM. When seeds after washing were transferred to darkness for an additional 14 days, they failed to complete germination if previously imbibed on media containing NaCl concentrations greater than 400 mM. However, the seeds of all species, even if previously imbibed at 800 mM NaCl, could be induced to complete germination in darkness by 1 mM gibberellic acid. .

scholarly journals The Domestication of Evolution

1983 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 283-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond P. Coppinger ◽  
Charles Kay Smith
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Stable Environment ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Species Specific

A coming ‘Age of Interdependent Forms’ seems destined to mark the success of what could be called ‘despecialized/interspecific fitness’ among neotenic strains (perpetuating juvenile traits) of species such as humans and domestic animals. Humans as well as the first domesticants underwent a neotenic evolution in the wild during the repeated interglacial periods which, acting on a number of mammalian forms, selected against adult species-specific ancestral adaptations to a stable environment. Neotenic species continue to look and behave more like ancestral youths than adults—even after sexual maturity and throughout their life-history. As they retain lifelong youthful dependency motivations, they can easily, under suitable conditions, become interdependent forms. By the time of melting of the last Pleistocene glacier, all the domestic partners had already become more dependency-prone than formerly, and were behaviourally despecialized enough to form the alliance that is now changing the order of Nature.

Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) habitat overlap with wild Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) in natural streams: do habitat and landscape factors override competitive interactions?

2018 ◽  
Vol 75 (11) ◽  
pp. 1949-1959
Author(s):  
Scott D. Roloson ◽  
Kyle M. Knysh ◽  
Michael R.S. Coffin ◽  
Karen L. Gormley ◽  
Christina C. Pater ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Brook Trout ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
Habitat Overlap ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Natural Streams

The purpose of this study was to update rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) invasion status, delineate factors that increase the invasion probability, and quantify habitat overlap between invasive rainbow trout and native Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) on Prince Edward Island, Canada. Analysis of landscape-level variables in 26 watersheds (14 with and 12 without rainbow trout) demonstrated that watershed slope, percent agricultural land use, and distance to the nearest rainbow trout population significantly increased the probability of rainbow trout establishment. Two independent reach-level fish community surveys were conducted by electrofishing in combination with habitat surveys. Reaches with rainbow trout had higher stream slope, Atlantic salmon were found in wider reaches with larger substrate, and brook trout were typically dominant in headwater reaches with finer substrate. Findings at multiple ecological scales illustrated that rainbow trout invasion success is positively influenced by the presence of high-slope habitat. Habitat separation of the three salmonid species indicates that competition with introduced rainbow trout may not be the most significant threat to native salmonid populations.

Trophic ecology of nonanadromous rainbow trout in a post-glacial lake system: partial convergence of adfluvial and fluvial forms

2018 ◽  
Vol 96 (8) ◽  
pp. 818-827 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.C. Arostegui ◽  
T.P. Quinn
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Trophic Ecology ◽  
Salvelinus Alpinus ◽  
Arctic Char ◽  
Dolly Varden ◽  
Isotopic Signatures ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Dolly Varden Salvelinus Malma

The rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum, 1792)) is one of many salmonid species exhibiting a gradient of life histories including fluvial (stream-resident), anadromous (ocean-migrant), and adfluvial (lake-migrant) forms, the last of which is less extensively studied than the other two. Our goal was to determine the extent of diet segregation between fluvial and adfluvial rainbow trout. We collected stomach content and stable isotope data on rainbow trout sampled in stream and lake habitats in a southwestern Alaska watershed during summer and compared them with data on sympatric stream- and lake-specialist char species, Dolly Varden (Salvelinus malma (Walbaum in Artedi, 1792)) and Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus (Linnaeus, 1758)), respectively. Rainbow trout in streams fed largely on aquatic insects, while those in the lake ate primarily benthic snails and amphipods. The trophic segregation of stream-resident and lake-migrant rainbow trout mirrored but was less extreme than the divergence of lotic Dolly Varden and lentic Arctic char in the same system. Spawning sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka (Walbaum in Artedi, 1792)) provided a nutrient subsidy in the form of eggs that supported rainbow trout in both stream and lake (littoral) habitats, causing their isotopic signatures to converge. This study augments knowledge of partial migration and trophic divergence within populations.

scholarly journals A large-scale chromosomal inversion is not associated with life history development in rainbow trout from Southeast Alaska

PLoS ONE ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. e0223018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Spencer Y. Weinstein ◽  
Frank P. Thrower ◽  
Krista M. Nichols ◽  
Matthew C. Hale
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Chromosomal Inversion ◽  
Southeast Alaska

scholarly journals Rapid parallel evolution of standing variation in a single, complex, genomic region is associated with life history in steelhead/rainbow trout

2014 ◽  
Vol 281 (1783) ◽  
pp. 20140012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Devon E. Pearse ◽  
Michael R. Miller ◽  
Alicia Abadía-Cardoso ◽  
John Carlos Garza
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Parallel Evolution ◽  
Genomic Region ◽  
Life History Strategies ◽  
Strong Linkage Disequilibrium ◽  
Rapid Adaptation ◽  
Life History Variation ◽  
Standing Variation ◽  
Genomic Regions

Rapid adaptation to novel environments may drive changes in genomic regions through natural selection. Such changes may be population-specific or, alternatively, may involve parallel evolution of the same genomic region in multiple populations, if that region contains genes or co-adapted gene complexes affecting the selected trait(s). Both quantitative and population genetic approaches have identified associations between specific genomic regions and the anadromous (steelhead) and resident (rainbow trout) life-history strategies of Oncorhynchus mykiss . Here, we use genotype data from 95 single nucleotide polymorphisms and show that the distribution of variation in a large region of one chromosome, Omy5, is strongly associated with life-history differentiation in multiple above-barrier populations of rainbow trout and their anadromous steelhead ancestors. The associated loci are in strong linkage disequilibrium, suggesting the presence of a chromosomal inversion or other rearrangement limiting recombination. These results provide the first evidence of a common genomic basis for life-history variation in O. mykiss in a geographically diverse set of populations and extend our knowledge of the heritable basis of rapid adaptation of complex traits in novel habitats.

Northern Dolly Varden charr total mercury concentrations: variation by life-history type

Hydrobiologia ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 783 (1) ◽  
pp. 159-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Tran ◽  
J. D. Reist ◽  
M. Power
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Total Mercury ◽  
Dolly Varden ◽  
Northern Dolly Varden

Spatial partitioning in the use of structural woody habitat supports the cohabitation of two cod species in a large lowland river

2016 ◽  
Vol 67 (12) ◽  
pp. 1835 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Lieschke ◽  
J. P. Lyon ◽  
P. D. Moloney ◽  
S. J. Nicol
Keyword(s):  
Lowland River ◽  
Specific Interactions ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Catch Per Unit Effort ◽  
Spatial Partitioning ◽  
Murray River ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
The Common ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Murray Cod

Many freshwater fish worldwide have been shown to use Structural Woody Habitat (SWH) for a variety of reasons. The mid reaches of the Murray River, a large lowland river in south-eastern Australia, was surveyed by boat electrofishing, to investigate the use of SWH type (hollows, rootmass and solids), SWH distance to bank (near bank, intermediate to bank and mid-channel) and the interaction between SWH type and distance to bank. The study found that Murray cod catch per unit effort (CPUE) increased in near-bank areas when hollows were a component of the SWH. The CPUE of trout cod was higher when hollows were present. However, the interactions between distance to bank and hollow SWH were complex and dependent on presence or absence of rootmass. The species-specific interactions between SWH microhabitat and distance to bank found within this study has important relevance for stream managers. The common practice of realigning SWH favours Murray cod over trout cod, which could have negative consequences for the endangered trout cod. More broadly, managers may need to consider a balance of SWH type and where it is placed in the river for the species they are targeting when rehabilitating rivers via the introduction of SWH.

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