Physical and mechanical wood properties of ring-shaken chestnut (Castanea sativa) trees

Ring shake is a defect that strongly affects chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) use and its occurrence is known to be mainly related to mechanical stress within a tree; however, few investigations have compared the physico-mechanical properties of healthy and shaken trees. Hence, the aim of this study is to compare the density, compression strength, bending strength (MOR), and shrinkages between healthy and shaken trees in coppice stands. The investigation was carried out in the Lazio Region in central Italy in trees with a cambial age between 6 and 25 years. The results showed that shaken trees had lower mechanical strength and shrinkages than healthy ones and that the physico-mechanical parameters might be used to predict ring shake occurrence in a specific geographic area. Geographical location strongly affected the physico-mechanical properties of the chestnut wood, and this factor influenced ring shake occurrence. MOR value was assumed to be the parameter that could be applied at almost all study sites to distinguish between shaken and healthy trees. There was no difference between the shaken and healthy portions of a disk inside the same tree.

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Effect of a Combination of Moderate-Temperature Heat Treatment and Subsequent Wax Impregnation on Wood Hygroscopicity, Dimensional Stability, and Mechanical Properties

Forests ◽

10.3390/f11090920 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (9) ◽

pp. 920 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Lin Yang ◽

Hong-Hai Liu

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Heat Treatment ◽

Water Uptake ◽

Significant Influence ◽

Liquid Water ◽

Dimensional Stability ◽

Bending Strength ◽

Wood Properties ◽

Moderate Temperature ◽

Temperature Heat Treatment

Wood is an environmentally friendly material, but some natural properties limit its wide application. To study the effect of a combination of heat treatment (HT) and wax impregnation (WI) on wood hygroscopicity, dimensional stability, and mechanical properties, samples of Pterocarpus macrocarpus Kurz wood were subjected to HT at a moderate temperature of 120 °C and a high temperature of 180 °C, for a 4 h duration. Subsequently, half of the 120 °C HT samples were treated with WI at 90 °C. The results showed that 180 °C HT and WI decreased the capacity of adsorption and liquid water uptake and swelled the wood significantly, while WI had the biggest reduction. The effect of 120 °C HT was significant only on decreasing the capacity of adsorption and the swelling of liquid water uptake. The bending strength (MOR) of wood decreased only after 180 °C HT, and 120 °C/4h HT and WI had no significant influence on MOR. The bending stiffness (MOE) increased significantly after 180 °C HT and WI, while 120 °C/4h HT had no significant influence on MOE. Therefore, the combination of moderate-temperature HT can act synergistically in the improvement of certain aspects of wood properties such as capacity of water adsorption and liquid water uptake. WI effectively improved wood hygroscopicity, dimensional stability, and mechanical properties.

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Modelling of the mechanical properties of Castanea sativa Mill. structural timber by a combination of non-destructive variables and visual grading parameters

European Journal of Wood and Wood Products ◽

10.1007/s00107-012-0626-7 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 70 (6) ◽

pp. 839-844 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

Abel Vega ◽

Andrés Dieste ◽

Manuel Guaita ◽

Juan Majada ◽

Vanessa Baño

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Castanea Sativa ◽

Structural Timber ◽

Visual Grading ◽

Castanea Sativa Mill ◽

Non Destructive

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Looking for differences in wood properties as a function of the felling date: lunar phase-correlated variations in the drying behavior of Norway Spruce (Picea abies Karst.) and Sweet Chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.)

Trees ◽

10.1007/s00468-009-0376-2 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 24 (1) ◽

pp. 31-41 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Ernst Zürcher ◽

R. Schlaepfer ◽

M. Conedera ◽

F. Giudici

Keyword(s):

Picea Abies ◽

Norway Spruce ◽

Castanea Sativa ◽

Wood Properties ◽

Lunar Phase ◽

Sweet Chestnut ◽

Drying Behavior ◽

Castanea Sativa Mill

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Dendrochronological assessment of chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) for dating purposes in Central Italy

Dendrochronologia ◽

10.1078/1125.7865.00048 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 21 (3) ◽

pp. 117-130 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

M. Romagnoli ◽

M. Nocetti ◽

M. Sarlatto ◽

L. Evangelistella

Keyword(s):

Central Italy ◽

Castanea Sativa ◽

Castanea Sativa Mill

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Near infrared spectroscopy for assessing mechanical properties of Castanea sativa wood samples

Journal of Agricultural Engineering ◽

10.4081/jae.2019.953 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 50 (4) ◽

pp. 191-197 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Manuela Mancini ◽

Elena Leoni ◽

Michela Nocetti ◽

Carlo Urbinati ◽

Daniele Duca ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Infrared Spectroscopy ◽

Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽

Near Infrared ◽

Bending Strength ◽

Prediction Models ◽

Castanea Sativa ◽

Modulus Of Rupture ◽

Current Standard ◽

Standard Samples

Near infrared spectroscopy (NIR) is a technique widely used for the prediction of different chemical-physical features of wood. In this study, the technique was used to assess its potential to predict the mechanical characteristics of wood. Castanea sativa samples of three different European provenances were collected and laboratory tests were performed to assess the mechanical properties of wood samples. Modulus of elasticity (MOE), load-deflection curve and modulus of rupture (MOR) were calculated by using INSTRON machine with three points bending strength with elastic modulus, while density (D) was calculated according to the current standard. Samples were then analysed by means of NIR spectroscopy. The raw spectra were pre-processed and regression models were developed. Variables selection techniques were used to improve the model performance. In detail, MOE regression model returned an error of 696.01 MPa (R2=0.78). Instead, MOR and D prediction models must be further investigated on a wider number of samples considering the high variability in physical characteristics of chestnut wood. The results demonstrated the possibility to use NIR technique for the prediction of the mechanical properties of wood providing useful indications in evaluation-screening processes. Indeed, the presence of the principal wood compounds (cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin) and their influence in the characterisation of mechanical stress reactions were confirmed.

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Relationship Between Growth Stress, Mechanical-Physical Properties and Proportion of Fibre with Gelatinous Layer in Chestnut (Castanea Sativa Mill.)

Holzforschung ◽

10.1515/hf.2003.028 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 57 (2) ◽

pp. 189-195 ◽

Cited By ~ 46

Author(s):

B. Clair ◽

J. Ruelle ◽

B. Thibaut

Keyword(s):

Physical Properties ◽

Castanea Sativa ◽

Wood Properties ◽

Growth Stress ◽

Gelatinous Layer ◽

Basic Model ◽

Mechanical And Physical Properties ◽

Castanea Sativa Mill ◽

Chestnut Wood

Summary A range of mechanical and physical properties were determined for 96 specimens of chestnut wood and for wood types ranging from compression to tension wood; tests included (1) growth stress, (2) longitudinal Young's modulus in green and air-dried states (3) shrinkage in longitudinal and tangential directions. Anatomical observations permitted determination of the proportion of fibres with a gelatinous layer. The influence of these atypical fibres on macroscopic wood properties is examined and discussed. A basic model is proposed to determine their properties in theoretically isolated conditions.

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SIFAT FISIKA DAN MEKANIKA KAYU JABON MERAH (Anthocephalus macrophyllus) YANG DITANAM DI WONOGIRI, 2 JAWA TENGAH

Jurnal Hutan Tropis ◽

10.20527/jht.v8i3.9739 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 357

Author(s):

Fanny Hidayati ◽

Sri Sunarti ◽

Teguh Setiaji ◽

Arif Nirsatmanto

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Mechanical Characteristics ◽

Bending Strength ◽

Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽

Wood Properties ◽

Dry Density ◽

Improvement Program ◽

Average Value ◽

Central Java ◽

Physical And Mechanical Characteristics

Red jabon is one of the fast growing species. It is growth well in tropical countries. It has a potential to fulfill the demand of wood. Tree imrovement program of this species has been done in Indonesia. However, information of wood properties related to tree improvement program of red jabon is limited. Therefore, wood properties such as physical and mechanical properties of this species at the progeny trial were needed to clarify. The aims of this research were to clarify the variation of physical and mechanical properties of red jabon from 5 families at5-year-old planted in Wonogiri, Central Java and relationship between air-dry density and mechanical properties. As the result, physical and mechanical properties were varied among 5 families. Based on the results, famili number 85 performed good result of physical and mechanical characteristics, eventhough the physical properties were not highest among 5 families but it was abouf the average value. Furthermore, this family showed the best values of all mechanichal characteristics tested. In addition, air-dry density has highly positive significantcorrelation with mechanical properties (static bending strength and compressive strength parallel to grain), suggesting that mechanical properties can be predicted by air-dried density.

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