Transcerebral net exchange of vasoactive peptides and catecholamines during lipopolysaccharide-induced systemic inflammation in healthy humans

2018 ◽  
Vol 96 (3) ◽  
pp. 313-316
Author(s):  
Ronan M.G. Berg ◽  
Sarah Taudorf ◽  
Damian M. Bailey ◽  
Rasmus H. Dahl ◽  
Carsten Lundby ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Venous Blood ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Fick Principle ◽  
Vasoactive Peptides ◽  
Healthy Humans ◽  
Cerebral Vasoconstriction ◽  
Calcitonin Gene ◽  
Human Volunteers ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

The systemic inflammatory response triggered by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is associated with cerebral vasoconstriction, but the underlying mechanisms are unknown. We therefore examined whether a 4-hour intravenous LPS infusion (0.3 ng·kg−1) induces any changes in the transcerebral net exchange of the vasoactive peptides endothelin-1 (ET-1) and calcitonin-gene related peptide (CGRP) and catecholamines in human volunteers. Cerebral blood flow was measured by the Kety–Schmidt technique, and paired arterial-to-jugular venous blood samples were obtained for estimating the transcerebral exchange of ET-1, CGRP, and catecholamines by the Fick principle in 12 volunteers before and after LPS infusion. The cerebrovascular release of ET-1 was enhanced, whereas the transcerebral net exchange of CGRP and catecholamines was unaffected. Our findings thus point towards locally produced ET-1 within the cerebrovasculature as a contributor to cerebral vasoconstriction after LPS infusion.

The Effect of Venous Occlusion on the Sequestration of Blood Platelets

1972 ◽  
Vol 28 (03) ◽  
pp. 383-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Hladovec ◽  
Z Koleilat ◽  
I Přerovský
Keyword(s):  
Blood Platelets ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Venous Occlusion ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Pronounced Decrease ◽  
Platelet Counts ◽  
Human Volunteers ◽  
Opposite Change

SummaryThe venous occlusion of all four legs in rats caused a highly significant decrease of platelet counts in venous blood especially after the correction for an opposite change in haematocrit. A very pronounced decrease in platelets was observed in human volunteers after a venostasis in one arm in the blood drawn from the occluded limb just before the release of occlusion. Similar decreases were found after a venostasis of both legs in postocclusion blood samples. The decrease in blood platelets results from temporary sequestration in the occluded limbs. The decreases of platelets after a 10 min occlusion of both legs are more pronounced in patients with post thrombotic states.

ADRENAL 17-HYDROXYCORTICOSTEROID SECRETION IN THE DOG IN RESPONSE TO ETHANOL

1972 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 736-740 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Suzuki ◽  
R. Higashi ◽  
T. Hirose ◽  
H. Ikeda ◽  
K. Tamura
Keyword(s):  
Venous Blood ◽  
Secretion Rate ◽  
Conscious Dogs ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Before And After

ABSTRACT Conscious dogs were infused intravenously with ethanol in doses of 0.7 and 1.0 g/kg. The adrenal venous blood samples were collected before and after the infusion of ethanol and analysed for 17-hydroxycorticosteroids (17-OHCS). After the infusion of 0.7 g/kg (subanaesthetic dose) of ethanol the adrenal 17-OHCS secretion rate showed either a slight increase or no change. After the infusion of 1.0 g/kg (anaesthetic dose) of ethanol the adrenal 17-OHCS secretion rate increased markedly and reached 1.21±0.15 (mean±sem) μg/kg/min, while it was 0.09±0.023 μg/kg/min before the infusion.

Plasma catecholamines and their effect on blood lactate and muscle lactate output

1984 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 321-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. N. Stainsby ◽  
C. Sumners ◽  
G. M. Andrew
Keyword(s):  
Venous Blood ◽  
Plasma Catecholamines ◽  
Muscle Group ◽  
O2 Uptake ◽  
Plantaris Muscle ◽  
Muscle Lactate ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Lactate Output ◽  
Before And After

This study was designed to test the hypothesis that epinephrine (E) and norepinephrine (NE) increase net muscle lactate output (L) of in situ gastrocnemius-plantaris muscle group during contractions. Plasma [E] and [NE] were measured before and after the surgical isolation of the muscle and at 10-min intervals during the 60-min experiments. Plasma [E] and [NE] were increased threefold by intravenous infusions of E (n = 3) or NE (n = 3) at a rate of 1.5 micrograms X kg body wt-1 X min-1. Arterial and muscle venous blood samples for O2 and lactate concentrations were also obtained. The infusions began at min 11 and repetitive isometric contractions (4 tw/s) began at min 31. The presurgery plasma [E] and [NE] averaged 0.34 and 0.52 ng/ml, respectively, and rose to 1.12 and 1.19 ng/ml 10 min after surgery. Arterial and venous lactate concentrations (CaL and CvL) increased continuously during E infusion but remained constant during NE infusion. Maximal L during the first 10 min of contractions was significantly increased compared with an identical earlier study without infusions. O2 uptake was not changed by the infusions. It is concluded that E causes CaL to rise and that both E and NE increase maximal net lactate output during contractions.

scholarly journals Posttonsillectomy Bacteremia and Comparison of Tonsillar Surface and Deep Culture

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Mahmood Shishegar ◽  
Mohammad Javad Ashraf
Keyword(s):  
Venous Blood ◽  
Blood Cultures ◽  
Chronic Tonsillitis ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Hemolytic Streptococcus ◽  
Microbiological Study ◽  
Common Organism ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Deep Culture ◽  
Time Of Operation

Objective.This study aimed to identify the microorganisms of surface and depth of tonsils and whether these microorganisms bring the menace of bacteremia during tonsillectomy in the children under surgery.Materials and Methods.The culture specimens were taken from surface and depth of tonsil from the patients suffering from chronic tonsillitis at the time of operation. Also, 10 mL venous blood samples were taken 5 minutes before and after the operation for microbiological study.Results.According to the results, 112 (76.1%) and 117 (79.6%) cultures from surface and depth of tonsils represented multiple microorganisms, respectively. Besides, staphylococci coagulase positive was the most common organism in both surface and depth of tonsils. None of the preoperation blood cultures were positive, while 3 postoperation blood cultures (2.1%) were positive. Staphylococci coagulase negative and alpha hemolytic streptococcus were detected in 2 cases (1.4%) and 1 case (0.7%), respectively.Conclusion.In the present study, the two cultured sites were almost similar regarding the types of isolated microorganisms. Our results suggested that bacteremia might occur after tonsillectomy. Therefore, to avoid the possible dramatic outcomes after tonsillectomy, pre- and postoperation attendances are essential.

scholarly journals Micro-RNAs miR-375-3p and miR-7-5p are released alongside ACTH from corticotroph pituitary neuroendocrine tumor

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helvijs Niedra ◽  
Raitis Peculis ◽  
Ilze Konrade ◽  
Inga Balcere ◽  
Mihails Romanovs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Differential Expression Analysis ◽  
Circulating Mirnas ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Peripheral Plasma ◽  
Bodily Fluids ◽  
Micro Rnas ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Acth Secreting

Objective: Circulating miRNAs are found in bodily fluids including plasma and can serve as biomarkers for diseases. The aim of this study was to provide the first insight into the landscape of circulating miRNAs in close proximity to the adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) secreting PitNET. To achieve this objective next-generation sequencing of miRNAs in plasma from bilateral inferior petrosal sinus sampling (BIPSS) - a gold standard in diagnosing ACTH-secreting PitNETs, was carried out. Methods: Sinistral (left) and dextral (right) BIPSS blood samples of the patient were collected in three time points: before the administration of corticotropin-releasing hormone, 5 and 15 minutes after stimulation. Peripheral venous blood samples were also collected 24 hours before and after BIPSS and before the resection of PitNET and 24 hours after. In differential expression analysis sinistral plasma was compared with dextral. Results: BIPSS concluded that the highest amount of ACTH was released in the sinistral side at the 5th minute mark indicating a presence of tumor. The highest amount of differentially expressed miRNAs was observed 5 minutes after stimulation (20 upregulated, 14 downregulated). At the 5th minute mark in sinistral plasma, two miRNAs were identified: hsa-miR-7-5p and hsa-miR-375-3p that were highly upregulated compared to other BIPSS samples and peripheral plasma samples. Clustering analysis showed that BIPSS plasma differs from peripheral plasma in miRNA expression patterns. Conclusions: data indicates that ACTH-secreting PitNET actively releases two circulating miRNAs upon stimulation with CRH (hsa-mir-7-5p, hsa-mir-375-3p) alongside with ACTH implying further studies of these miRNA as diagnostic markers are needed.

Inhibitory effect of chronic oral treatment with fluoxetine on capsaicin-induced external carotid vasodilatation in anaesthetised dogs

Cephalalgia ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (12) ◽  
pp. 1041-1053 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enriqueta Muñoz-Islas ◽  
Abimael González-Hernández ◽  
Jair Lozano-Cuenca ◽  
Martha Beatríz Ramírez-Rosas ◽  
Roberto Medina-Santillán ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Treatment ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Migraine Prophylaxis ◽  
Sensory Nerves ◽  
External Carotid ◽  
Measure Blood Pressure ◽  
Calcitonin Gene ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Lines Of Evidence

Background During migraine, capsaicin-sensitive trigeminal sensory nerves release calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), resulting in cranial vasodilatation and central nociception. Moreover, 5-HT is involved in the pathophysiology of migraine and depression. Interestingly, some limited lines of evidence suggest that fluoxetine may be effective in migraine prophylaxis, but the underlying mechanisms are uncertain. Hence, this study investigated the canine external carotid vasodilator responses to capsaicin, α-CGRP and acetylcholine before and after acute and chronic oral treatment with fluoxetine. Methods Forty-eight vagosympathectomised male mongrel dogs were prepared to measure blood pressure, heart rate and external carotid blood flow. The thyroid artery was cannulated for infusions of agonists. In 16 of these dogs, a spinal cannula was inserted (C1–C3) for infusions of 5-HT. Results The external carotid vasodilator responses to capsaicin, α-CGRP and acetylcholine remained unaffected after intracarotid or i.v. fluoxetine. In contrast, the vasodilator responses to capsaicin, but not those to α-CGRP or acetylcholine, were inhibited after chronic oral treatment with fluoxetine (300 µg/kg; for 90 days) or intrathecal 5-HT. Conclusions Chronic oral fluoxetine inhibited capsaicin-induced external carotid vasodilatation, and this inhibition could partly explain its potential prophylactic antimigraine action.

Acute exercise improves serum adiponectin not leptin in sedentary adult obese men

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (6) ◽  
pp. 298-304
Author(s):  
Eizadi Mojtaba ◽  
Kohandel Mahdi ◽  
Kasbparast JR Mehdi ◽  
Sarshin Amir
Keyword(s):  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Serum Adiponectin ◽  
Acute Bout ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Serum Leptin ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Obese Subjects ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Inflammation Cytokines

 Leptin and adiponectin, adipose tissue secreted cytokines, play key role inobesity and cardiovascular disease. Although the physiopathological mechanisms underlying these associations are largely unknown. Venous blood samples were obtained before and after an acute bout of moderate cycling test in eighty non‐trained adult obese men (BMI: 33.54 ± 3.43 kg/m2) that participated in this study by accidentally. Blood samples were used for measuring serum leptin and adiponectin. No significant differences were found in serum leptin by cycling exercise with compared to baseline (P ≥ 0.05). But, serum adiponectin levels were significantly increased in response to acute exercise when compared with baseline levels (P < 0.05). Based on these data, we can say, although inflammation cytokines such as leptin does not affect by acute exercise for short time, but it seems that this exercise can increase anti‐inflamatory cytokines as adiponectin in obese subjects. The findings of this study indicate the fact that in response to short‐term exercise, changes in serum adiponectin levels are independent of the leptin response.

Physiological evidence for the occurrence of pathways shunting blood away from the secondary lamellae of eel gills

1982 ◽  
Vol 98 (1) ◽  
pp. 277-288
Author(s):  
G. M. Hughes ◽  
C. Peyraud ◽  
M. Peyraud-Waitzenegger ◽  
P. Soulier
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Mixed Venous Blood ◽  
Intravenous Injections ◽  
Fick Principle ◽  
Secondary Lamellae ◽  
Circulatory Change ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Gill Filaments ◽  
Mixed Venous

1. Several cardiovascular and respiratory measurements have been performed in eels before and after intravenous injections of adrenaline. These experiments have allowed a comparison to be made of values for the cardiac output determined directly (Q) and using the Fick principle (QF) on individual fish under these two conditions. 2. Under control conditions it was shown that QF/Q = 0.72, indicating that about 30% of the mixed venous blood afferent to the gills is returned directly to the heart and bypasses the lamellar circulation via veno-venous anastomoses between the afferent filament arteries and the central venous space of the gill filaments. 3. Adrenaline, which during winter only has its action due to stimulation of alpha-adrenoreceptors, induced a hypoventilation but no changes in cardiac output in spite of a bradycardia. The oxygen content of the mixed venous blood was markedly increased whereas Ca,O2 remained unchanged as did the percentage utilization of oxygen from the water as it passed over the gills. The efferent blood flow from the gills after injection of adrenaline was almost equal to the total cardiac output. It is suggested that such a circulatory change was due to adrenaline-mediated constriction of veno-venous anastomoses in the gills of the eel.

scholarly journals Leukocyte Gene Expression in Patients with Medication Refractory Depression before and after Treatment with ECT or Isoflurane Anesthesia: A Pilot Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Iacob ◽  
S. C. Tadler ◽  
K. C. Light ◽  
H. R. Weeks ◽  
K. W. Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Open Label ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Refractory Depression ◽  
Isoflurane Anesthesia ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Open Label Trial ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Potential Biomarkers

Objective. To evaluate leukocyte gene expression for 9 selected genes (mRNAs) as biological markers in patients with medication refractory depression before and after treatment with ECT or isoflurane anesthesia (ISO).Methods. In a substudy of a nonrandomized open-label trial comparing effects of ECT to ISO therapy, blood samples were obtained before and after treatment from 22 patients with refractory depression, and leukocyte mRNA was assessed by quantitative PCR. Patients’ mRNAs were also compared to 17 healthy controls.Results. Relative to controls, patients before treatment showed significantly higher IL10 and DBI and lower ADRA2A and ASIC3 mRNA (P<0.025). Both ECT and ISO induced significant decreases after treatment in 4 genes: IL10, NR3C1, DRD4, and Sult1A1. After treatment, patients’ DBI, ASIC3, and ADRA2A mRNA remained dysregulated.Conclusion. Significant differences from controls and/or significant changes after ECT or ISO treatment were observed for 7 of the 9 mRNAs studied. Decreased expression of 4 genes after effective treatment with either ECT or ISO suggests possible overlap of underlying mechanisms. Three genes showing dysregulation before and after treatment may be trait-like biomarkers of medication refractory depression. Gene expression for these patients has the potential to facilitate diagnosis, clarify pathophysiology, and identify potential biomarkers for treatment effects.

scholarly journals The effect of insulin on the dextrose consumption perfused skeletal muscle

1926 ◽  
Vol 99 (698) ◽  
pp. 375-382 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Femoral Artery ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Mammalian Heart ◽  
Hind Limbs ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Marked Resistance

The experiments of Hepburn and Latchford (1), which have been confirmed by Burn and Dale (2), show that insulin accelerates the rate of disappearance of dextrose from the fluid used to perfuse the isolated mammalian heart. Burn and Dale also demonstrated that insulin greatly increases the rate of disappearance of dextrose from the circulating blood of the decapitated and eviscerated cat. Cori, Cori and Goltz (3), working on rabbits/ and Lawrence (4) and Pemberton and Cunningham (5), from clinical studies, have reported that insulin increases the loss of sugar from the blood during its passage through a limb. Frank, Nothman and Wagner (6) have obtained similar results by analyses of blood samples drawn simultaneously from the femoral artery and vein, after the injection of insulin into the femoral artery. Macleod (7) states that, in experiments in his laboratory, no increased discrepancy between the dextrose content of the arterial and venous blood was observed after the administration of insulin in normal or diabetic animals. Attempts to prove that insulin causes an increased disappearance of sugar from the fluid perfused through the isolated limbs of laboratory animals have been made by Macleod and his collaborators (7) and Staub (8). Macleod states that his experiments were unsatisfactory because of œdema of the muscles or the development of marked resistance to the perfusion. Staub has reported experiments in which the rate of sugar disappearance, before and after the addition of insulin, from the defibrinated blood used to perfuse the hind limbs of the dog, are recorded. In some of Staub’s experiments insulin appeared definitely to accelerate the sugar disappearance. Because of the very rapid disappearance of sugar from the blood before the addition of insulin, however, it is difficult to demonstrate convincingly, by this type of experiment, that the rate of disappearance is really accelerated by insulin.

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