scholarly journals The effect of insulin on the dextrose consumption perfused skeletal muscle

1926 ◽  
Vol 99 (698) ◽  
pp. 375-382 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Femoral Artery ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Mammalian Heart ◽  
Hind Limbs ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Marked Resistance

The experiments of Hepburn and Latchford (1), which have been confirmed by Burn and Dale (2), show that insulin accelerates the rate of disappearance of dextrose from the fluid used to perfuse the isolated mammalian heart. Burn and Dale also demonstrated that insulin greatly increases the rate of disappearance of dextrose from the circulating blood of the decapitated and eviscerated cat. Cori, Cori and Goltz (3), working on rabbits/ and Lawrence (4) and Pemberton and Cunningham (5), from clinical studies, have reported that insulin increases the loss of sugar from the blood during its passage through a limb. Frank, Nothman and Wagner (6) have obtained similar results by analyses of blood samples drawn simultaneously from the femoral artery and vein, after the injection of insulin into the femoral artery. Macleod (7) states that, in experiments in his laboratory, no increased discrepancy between the dextrose content of the arterial and venous blood was observed after the administration of insulin in normal or diabetic animals. Attempts to prove that insulin causes an increased disappearance of sugar from the fluid perfused through the isolated limbs of laboratory animals have been made by Macleod and his collaborators (7) and Staub (8). Macleod states that his experiments were unsatisfactory because of œdema of the muscles or the development of marked resistance to the perfusion. Staub has reported experiments in which the rate of sugar disappearance, before and after the addition of insulin, from the defibrinated blood used to perfuse the hind limbs of the dog, are recorded. In some of Staub’s experiments insulin appeared definitely to accelerate the sugar disappearance. Because of the very rapid disappearance of sugar from the blood before the addition of insulin, however, it is difficult to demonstrate convincingly, by this type of experiment, that the rate of disappearance is really accelerated by insulin.

ADRENAL 17-HYDROXYCORTICOSTEROID SECRETION IN THE DOG IN RESPONSE TO ETHANOL

1972 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 736-740 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Suzuki ◽  
R. Higashi ◽  
T. Hirose ◽  
H. Ikeda ◽  
K. Tamura
Keyword(s):  
Venous Blood ◽  
Secretion Rate ◽  
Conscious Dogs ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Before And After

ABSTRACT Conscious dogs were infused intravenously with ethanol in doses of 0.7 and 1.0 g/kg. The adrenal venous blood samples were collected before and after the infusion of ethanol and analysed for 17-hydroxycorticosteroids (17-OHCS). After the infusion of 0.7 g/kg (subanaesthetic dose) of ethanol the adrenal 17-OHCS secretion rate showed either a slight increase or no change. After the infusion of 1.0 g/kg (anaesthetic dose) of ethanol the adrenal 17-OHCS secretion rate increased markedly and reached 1.21±0.15 (mean±sem) μg/kg/min, while it was 0.09±0.023 μg/kg/min before the infusion.

Plasma catecholamines and their effect on blood lactate and muscle lactate output

1984 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 321-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. N. Stainsby ◽  
C. Sumners ◽  
G. M. Andrew
Keyword(s):  
Venous Blood ◽  
Plasma Catecholamines ◽  
Muscle Group ◽  
O2 Uptake ◽  
Plantaris Muscle ◽  
Muscle Lactate ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Lactate Output ◽  
Before And After

This study was designed to test the hypothesis that epinephrine (E) and norepinephrine (NE) increase net muscle lactate output (L) of in situ gastrocnemius-plantaris muscle group during contractions. Plasma [E] and [NE] were measured before and after the surgical isolation of the muscle and at 10-min intervals during the 60-min experiments. Plasma [E] and [NE] were increased threefold by intravenous infusions of E (n = 3) or NE (n = 3) at a rate of 1.5 micrograms X kg body wt-1 X min-1. Arterial and muscle venous blood samples for O2 and lactate concentrations were also obtained. The infusions began at min 11 and repetitive isometric contractions (4 tw/s) began at min 31. The presurgery plasma [E] and [NE] averaged 0.34 and 0.52 ng/ml, respectively, and rose to 1.12 and 1.19 ng/ml 10 min after surgery. Arterial and venous lactate concentrations (CaL and CvL) increased continuously during E infusion but remained constant during NE infusion. Maximal L during the first 10 min of contractions was significantly increased compared with an identical earlier study without infusions. O2 uptake was not changed by the infusions. It is concluded that E causes CaL to rise and that both E and NE increase maximal net lactate output during contractions.

scholarly journals Posttonsillectomy Bacteremia and Comparison of Tonsillar Surface and Deep Culture

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Mahmood Shishegar ◽  
Mohammad Javad Ashraf
Keyword(s):  
Venous Blood ◽  
Blood Cultures ◽  
Chronic Tonsillitis ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Hemolytic Streptococcus ◽  
Microbiological Study ◽  
Common Organism ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Deep Culture ◽  
Time Of Operation

Objective.This study aimed to identify the microorganisms of surface and depth of tonsils and whether these microorganisms bring the menace of bacteremia during tonsillectomy in the children under surgery.Materials and Methods.The culture specimens were taken from surface and depth of tonsil from the patients suffering from chronic tonsillitis at the time of operation. Also, 10 mL venous blood samples were taken 5 minutes before and after the operation for microbiological study.Results.According to the results, 112 (76.1%) and 117 (79.6%) cultures from surface and depth of tonsils represented multiple microorganisms, respectively. Besides, staphylococci coagulase positive was the most common organism in both surface and depth of tonsils. None of the preoperation blood cultures were positive, while 3 postoperation blood cultures (2.1%) were positive. Staphylococci coagulase negative and alpha hemolytic streptococcus were detected in 2 cases (1.4%) and 1 case (0.7%), respectively.Conclusion.In the present study, the two cultured sites were almost similar regarding the types of isolated microorganisms. Our results suggested that bacteremia might occur after tonsillectomy. Therefore, to avoid the possible dramatic outcomes after tonsillectomy, pre- and postoperation attendances are essential.

scholarly journals Micro-RNAs miR-375-3p and miR-7-5p are released alongside ACTH from corticotroph pituitary neuroendocrine tumor

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helvijs Niedra ◽  
Raitis Peculis ◽  
Ilze Konrade ◽  
Inga Balcere ◽  
Mihails Romanovs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Differential Expression Analysis ◽  
Circulating Mirnas ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Peripheral Plasma ◽  
Bodily Fluids ◽  
Micro Rnas ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Acth Secreting

Objective: Circulating miRNAs are found in bodily fluids including plasma and can serve as biomarkers for diseases. The aim of this study was to provide the first insight into the landscape of circulating miRNAs in close proximity to the adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) secreting PitNET. To achieve this objective next-generation sequencing of miRNAs in plasma from bilateral inferior petrosal sinus sampling (BIPSS) - a gold standard in diagnosing ACTH-secreting PitNETs, was carried out. Methods: Sinistral (left) and dextral (right) BIPSS blood samples of the patient were collected in three time points: before the administration of corticotropin-releasing hormone, 5 and 15 minutes after stimulation. Peripheral venous blood samples were also collected 24 hours before and after BIPSS and before the resection of PitNET and 24 hours after. In differential expression analysis sinistral plasma was compared with dextral. Results: BIPSS concluded that the highest amount of ACTH was released in the sinistral side at the 5th minute mark indicating a presence of tumor. The highest amount of differentially expressed miRNAs was observed 5 minutes after stimulation (20 upregulated, 14 downregulated). At the 5th minute mark in sinistral plasma, two miRNAs were identified: hsa-miR-7-5p and hsa-miR-375-3p that were highly upregulated compared to other BIPSS samples and peripheral plasma samples. Clustering analysis showed that BIPSS plasma differs from peripheral plasma in miRNA expression patterns. Conclusions: data indicates that ACTH-secreting PitNET actively releases two circulating miRNAs upon stimulation with CRH (hsa-mir-7-5p, hsa-mir-375-3p) alongside with ACTH implying further studies of these miRNA as diagnostic markers are needed.

Acute exercise improves serum adiponectin not leptin in sedentary adult obese men

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (6) ◽  
pp. 298-304
Author(s):  
Eizadi Mojtaba ◽  
Kohandel Mahdi ◽  
Kasbparast JR Mehdi ◽  
Sarshin Amir
Keyword(s):  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Serum Adiponectin ◽  
Acute Bout ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Serum Leptin ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Obese Subjects ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Inflammation Cytokines

 Leptin and adiponectin, adipose tissue secreted cytokines, play key role inobesity and cardiovascular disease. Although the physiopathological mechanisms underlying these associations are largely unknown. Venous blood samples were obtained before and after an acute bout of moderate cycling test in eighty non‐trained adult obese men (BMI: 33.54 ± 3.43 kg/m2) that participated in this study by accidentally. Blood samples were used for measuring serum leptin and adiponectin. No significant differences were found in serum leptin by cycling exercise with compared to baseline (P ≥ 0.05). But, serum adiponectin levels were significantly increased in response to acute exercise when compared with baseline levels (P < 0.05). Based on these data, we can say, although inflammation cytokines such as leptin does not affect by acute exercise for short time, but it seems that this exercise can increase anti‐inflamatory cytokines as adiponectin in obese subjects. The findings of this study indicate the fact that in response to short‐term exercise, changes in serum adiponectin levels are independent of the leptin response.

Primitive Stem Cells Residing in the Skeletal Muscle of Adult Pigs are Mobilized into the Peripheral Blood after Trauma

2007 ◽  
Vol 73 (11) ◽  
pp. 1106-1110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher L. Stout ◽  
Dennis W. Ashley ◽  
Joseph H. Morgan ◽  
Gypsy F. Long ◽  
Julie A. Collins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Animal Care ◽  
Muscle Biopsies

This study was designed to determine if trauma causes the release of adult-derived blastomere-like stem cells (BLSCs) from skeletal muscle into the circulating blood of adult pigs. Experimental procedures followed the guidelines of Fort Valley State University's Institutional Animal Care and Utilization Committee. Pigs were traumatized by splenectomy followed by pancreatectomy. Blood samples and skeletal muscle biopsies were taken before and after trauma. Adult-derived BLSCs were isolated from skeletal muscle and blood samples following established procedures. Nontraumatized skeletal muscle contained approximately 277 million BLSCs per gram of muscle. After trauma, skeletal muscle contained approximately 2 million BLSCs per gram of muscle. Blood taken before trauma contained approximately 22 million BLSCs per milliliter, whereas approximately 512 million BLSCs per milliliter were present within the blood after trauma. Blood values were statistically significant with a P < 0.05. This report is the first demonstration that trauma causes the release of adult-derived BLSCs from skeletal muscle into blood. Further studies are required to elucidate the roles that adult-derived BLSCs play in the response to injury and in the healing process. Surgeons must take a role in this evolving field.

Effect of hypothermia on the secretion of immunoreactive insulin in response to glucose

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 411-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. J. Lin ◽  
J. Hunter ◽  
R. Weldon ◽  
R. E. Haist
Keyword(s):  
Venous Blood ◽  
Insulin Response ◽  
Immunoreactive Insulin ◽  
Rapid Rise ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Insulin Levels ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Glucose Injection ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Sugar Levels

Insulin levels in the serum of peripheral venous blood samples from normothermic (37 °C) and hypothermic (24.5 ± 0.5 °C) dogs were estimated by immunoassay before and after the intravenous injection of glucose. In contrast to the rapid rise and fall of glucose levels and insulin levels in normothermic dogs following glucose injection, in most of the hypothermic dogs blood sugar levels rose and were sustained above normal levels throughout the test. These changes were accompanied by elevations in blood insulin levels which were sustained or progressively increased. Several hypothermic animals showed a reduced insulin response despite similar changes in blood glucose.

Transcerebral net exchange of vasoactive peptides and catecholamines during lipopolysaccharide-induced systemic inflammation in healthy humans

2018 ◽  
Vol 96 (3) ◽  
pp. 313-316
Author(s):  
Ronan M.G. Berg ◽  
Sarah Taudorf ◽  
Damian M. Bailey ◽  
Rasmus H. Dahl ◽  
Carsten Lundby ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Venous Blood ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Fick Principle ◽  
Vasoactive Peptides ◽  
Healthy Humans ◽  
Cerebral Vasoconstriction ◽  
Calcitonin Gene ◽  
Human Volunteers ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

The systemic inflammatory response triggered by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is associated with cerebral vasoconstriction, but the underlying mechanisms are unknown. We therefore examined whether a 4-hour intravenous LPS infusion (0.3 ng·kg−1) induces any changes in the transcerebral net exchange of the vasoactive peptides endothelin-1 (ET-1) and calcitonin-gene related peptide (CGRP) and catecholamines in human volunteers. Cerebral blood flow was measured by the Kety–Schmidt technique, and paired arterial-to-jugular venous blood samples were obtained for estimating the transcerebral exchange of ET-1, CGRP, and catecholamines by the Fick principle in 12 volunteers before and after LPS infusion. The cerebrovascular release of ET-1 was enhanced, whereas the transcerebral net exchange of CGRP and catecholamines was unaffected. Our findings thus point towards locally produced ET-1 within the cerebrovasculature as a contributor to cerebral vasoconstriction after LPS infusion.

Thrombin-Antithrombin-Komplex und Prothrombinfragment im arteriellen und venösen Blut bei Patienten mit peripherer arterieller Verschluskrankheit

VASA ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 193-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hering ◽  
Amann ◽  
Angelkort ◽  
Rottmann
Keyword(s):  
Femoral Artery ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Thrombin Generation ◽  
Femoral Vein ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Arterial Occlusive Disease ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Shear Rates ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: Thrombin generation has recently been recognized as an important factor in the development of arterial occlusive disease in all vascular provinces. Several reports concerning markers of thrombin generation have been published with however, conflicting results. It has been demonstrated in vitro that accelerated blood flow velocity causes increased thrombin generation via higher shear rates. In recent articles TAT and F1+F2 concentrations are reported significantly higher in arterial than in venous blood. A correlation with the severity of atherosclerosis or specially with the stage of PAD was expected. In the present investigation we additionally collected blood from the femoral vein. Patients and methods: In 11 patients with Fontaine stages IIb to IV and two healthy subjects TAT and F1+F2 concentrations were determined in blood samples from the femoral artery, the femoral vein (diseased leg) and cubital vein. In all cases and at all puncture sites exactly the same atraumatic technique of venipuncture was used. Results: The concentrations of TAT and F1+F2 were significantly elevated in patients with PAD. There was no significant difference between the concentrations of TAT and F1+F2 in arterial (femoral artery) and venous (femoral vein and cubital vein) blood. Conclusion: The results from previous investigations have been confirmed only partially. Differences in the puncture techniques to collect arterial or venous blood result in an increased scattering of the data and a systematic error.

Cytokine gene expression in human skeletal muscle during concentric contraction: evidence that IL-8, like IL-6, is influenced by glycogen availability

2004 ◽  
Vol 287 (2) ◽  
pp. R322-R327 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. H. Stanley Chan ◽  
Andrew L. Carey ◽  
Matthew J. Watt ◽  
Mark A. Febbraio
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Human Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Cytokine Gene Expression ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Factor Α ◽  
Resting Muscle

To determine the expression and induction of cytokines in human skeletal muscle during concentric contractions, eight males performed 60 min of bicycle exercise, with either a normal (Con) or reduced (Lo Gly) preexercise intramuscular glycogen content. Muscle biopsy samples were obtained before and after exercise and analyzed for glycogen and the mRNA expression of 13 cytokines. Resting muscle glycogen was higher ( P < 0.05) in Con compared with Lo Gly and was reduced ( P < 0.05) to 102 ± 32 vs. 17 ± 5 mmol U glycosyl/kg dry mass for Con and Lo Gly, respectively. We detected mRNA levels in human skeletal muscle for five cytokines, namely interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-15, and tumor necrosis factor-α. However, muscle contraction increased ( P < 0.05) the mRNA expression of IL-6 and IL-8 alone. In addition, the fold change for both IL-8 and IL-6 was markedly higher ( P < 0.05) in Lo Gly compared with Con. Given these results, we analyzed venous blood samples, obtained before and during exercise, for IL-6 and IL-8. Plasma IL-6 was not different at rest, and although the circulating concentration of this cytokine increased ( P < 0.05) it increased to a greater extent ( P < 0.05) throughout exercise in Lo Gly. In contrast, plasma IL-8 was not affected by exercise or treatment. These data demonstrate that cytokines are not ubiquitously expressed in skeletal muscle and that only IL-6 and IL-8 mRNA are increased during contraction of this mode and duration. Furthermore, the mRNA abundance of IL-6 and IL-8 appears to be influenced by glycogen availability in the contracting muscle.

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