Extending the Growing Season: Forage Seed Production and Perennial Grains.

Abstract Field experiments were conducted in the growing seasons of 2017 to 2018 and 2018 to 2019 to evaluate the competitive effects of rattail fescue [Vulpia myuros (L.) C.C. Gmel.] in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and to assess whether delayed crop sowing and increased crop density influence the emergence, competitiveness, and fecundity of V. myuros. Cumulative emergence showed the potential of V. myuros to emerge rapidly and under a wide range of climatic conditions with no effect of crop density and variable effects of sowing time between the two experiments. Grain yield and yield components were negatively affected by increasing V. myuros density. The relationship between grain yield and V. myuros density was not influenced by sowing time or by crop density, but crop–weed competition was strongly influenced by growing conditions. Due to very different weather conditions, grain yield reductions were lower in the growing season of 2017 to 2018 than in 2018 to 2019, with maximum grain yield losses of 22% and 50% in the two growing seasons, respectively. The yield components, number of crop ears per square meter, and 1,000-kernel weight were affected almost equally, reflecting that V. myuros’s competition with winter wheat occurred both early and late in the growing season. Seed production of V. myuros was suppressed by delaying sowing and increasing crop density. The impacts of delayed sowing and increasing crop density on seed production of V. myuros highlight the potential of these cultural weed control tactics in the long-term management programs of this species.

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EFFECTS OF GROWING SEASON AND CULTIVAR ON SEED PRODUCTION AND QUALITY OF GREENHOUSE-GROWN MELONS

Acta Horticulturae ◽

10.17660/actahortic.2009.843.30 ◽

2009 ◽

pp. 235-240

Author(s):

H. Nerson

Keyword(s):

Seed Production ◽

Growing Season

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Results of the weed control in onion (Allium Cepa L.) field

Общество и инновации ◽

10.47689/2181-1415-vol1-iss3-pp1-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (3) ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

O. Ariunaa ◽

T. Erdenenzorig ◽

B. Dondov

Keyword(s):

Weed Control ◽

Seed Production ◽

Experimental Research ◽

Plant Protection ◽

Growing Season ◽

Crop Damage ◽

Weed Species ◽

Domestic Production ◽

Allium Cepa L ◽

Production Demand

Our country has provided about 52% of vegetables from domestic production, the rest part imported others from outside. Thus, imports of potatoes and vegetables have been reduced last year, for this reason, main vegetable seeds, were produced domestically and provided over 80 percent of the country’s demand. In the future domestic production demand of vegetable goal set working to provide by 100 percent from government our country in this connection issues urgent need to solve sowing seeds, variety supply, seed production, and plant protection. According to our research, during the growing season, 150-350 weeds growing per 1m2 of rounded onions shows that the amount of crop damage is relatively high. For the purpose of control against weeds in the onion field with 3 repetitions of 7 variants of 2 types of herbicides are conducted experimental research. These include; pre-emergent Estamp (Stomp) herbicide applied in doses 2.5; 3.5 l/ha that controls all types of weeds, but showed results of 65.2-72.4%. The growing season during a selective post-emergent of Gaur herbicide in doses 0.7; 0.9l/ ha used against broadleaf and grassy weeds that became clear of weed species density reduced by 92.7-93.4%. It was tested in this study Pendimethalin, 33% + Oxyfluorfen 24 % mixture herbicides have reduced the number of weeds by 92.4-94.1%.

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IRRIGATION MANAGEMENT OF ALFALFA FOR SEED

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps77-128 ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 57 (3) ◽

pp. 891-896 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

K. K. KROGMAN ◽

E. H. HOBBS

Keyword(s):

Soil Moisture ◽

Medicago Sativa ◽

Seed Production ◽

Irrigation Management ◽

Growing Season ◽

Moisture Stress ◽

Field Plot ◽

Southern Alberta ◽

Medicago Sativa L ◽

Seed Yields

In field plot experiments conducted in southern Alberta over a 6-yr period, highest seed yields of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L. cv. Beaver) were obtained with one or two irrigations in the first half of the growing season. In outdoor lysimeters protected from rain, moisture stress for more than 8 days before seed ripening severely reduced seed production. Under field conditions, stored soil moisture from irrigation during the vegetative stage of growth plus occasional rain in July and August permitted irrigation of alfalfa for seed to be stopped at the bud to early bloom stage (June to early July).

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Seed production and persistence of Carnamah and other early strains of Trifolium subterraneum in the wheatbelt of Western Australia

Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1071/ea9670025 ◽

1967 ◽

Vol 7 (24) ◽

pp. 25 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

GB Taylor ◽

RC Rossiter

Keyword(s):

Seed Production ◽

Seed Yield ◽

Western Australia ◽

Subterranean Clover ◽

Trifolium Subterraneum ◽

Growing Season ◽

Early Flowering ◽

The Other ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Seed Yields

Seed production and persistence of the Carnamah, Northam A, Dwalganup, and Geraldton strains of subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.) were examined in undefoliated swards in the wheatbelt of Western Australia. The early flowering characteristic of Carnamah was not always associated with higher seed yields. Only when there was a well-defined, early finish to the growing season, or when flowering was very much earlier in Carnamah (viz., following an early 'break' to the season), did this strain clearly outyield both Northam A and Geraldton. The seed yield of Dwalganup was generally inferior to that of the other strains. Factors affecting regeneration are discussed. Under low rainfall conditions, poorer germination-regulation of Carnamah, compared with Geraldton and Northam A, would be expected to result in poorer persistence unless offset by higher seed yields in the Carnamah strain.

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Pollen Germination of Rhizoma Peanut cv. Florigraze1

Peanut Science ◽

10.3146/i0095-3679-19-2-11 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 19 (2) ◽

pp. 105-107 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

W. L. Niles ◽

K. H. Quesenberry

Keyword(s):

Seed Production ◽

Pollen Germination ◽

Sucrose Concentration ◽

Growing Season ◽

In Vitro Germination ◽

Arachis Glabrata ◽

Pollen Germinability ◽

Poor Seed ◽

Dry Conditions

Abstract Assessing pollen germination is fundamental to investigating infertility in plants. A potential cause of poor seed production in Florigraze (Arachis glabrata Benth.), rhizomatous peanut, was investigated by incubating pollen on in vitro germination media. The optimum sucrose and boron concentrations for pollen germination was delineated in a series of factorial experiments. Pollen germinability was assessed four times during the growing season. Flowers were collected at 2 h intervals spanning 30 h of development from bud to wilted flower. The optimum sucrose concentration was 100 g kg-1 but there were no differences in germination for B concentrations between 50 and 1,000 mg kg-1. Up to 78% pollen germination was obtained in a solution consisting of 100 g kg-1 sucrose, 100 mg kg-1 H3BO3, 250 mg kg-1 Ca(NO3)2·4H2O, 200 mg kg-1 MgSO4·7H2O and 100 mg kg-1 KNO3 in deionized water. Repeatable estimates of germinability were obtained in incubations of less than 30 min at 35 C. Florigraze pollen collected from developing buds as early as 2200 h the night before anthesis germinated in vitro. Peak germination extended from 2400 h to 1200 h the morning of anthesis. Under cool, dry conditions, the pollen collected 2 d after anthesis remained germinable. These results suggested poor pollen germinability was not the basis of low seed production in rhizomatous peanut. Pollen with high in vitro germination can dependably be collected from Florigraze flowers throughout the growing season during the first 6 h following anthesis, usually between sunrise to noon.

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Seed Production of Wiregrass in Central Florida Following Growing-Season Prescribed Burns

International Journal of Wildland Fire ◽

10.1071/wf9940123 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 123 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

KW Outcalt

Keyword(s):

Seed Production ◽

Seed Viability ◽

Pinus Palustris ◽

Growing Season ◽

Production Potential ◽

Prescribed Burns ◽

Central Florida ◽

Major Species ◽

Burned Site ◽

June July

Wiregrass (Aristida stricta Michx.) is a major species in the long leaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) sandhills areas of central Florida, providing a major portion of the fuel for the recurring ground fires necessary to maintain the community. Growing season burning promotes flower and seed production. The objective of this study was to assess the seed production potential of wiregrass following prescribed burns from May through August. Four longleaf wiregrass sites were prescribed burned, one each in May, June, July, and August. Information on bunch size, bunch density, seed stalk density, seed density, and seed germination were collected. The four sites differed significantly in the density of wiregrass bunches, average bunch size, wiregrass cover and seed viability. The density of seed stalks was fairly consistent across sites. Viable seed production was lowest on the June burned site and highest on the July burned site. The study shows good quantities of seed are comparatively easy to produce with growing season bums.

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Glyphosate-Resistant Palmer Amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) Morphology, Growth, and Seed Production in Georgia

Weed Science ◽

10.1614/ws-d-14-00051.1 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 63 (1) ◽

pp. 264-272 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Theodore M. Webster ◽

Timothy L. Grey

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Seed Production ◽

Growing Season ◽

Palmer Amaranth ◽

Competitive Balance ◽

Potential Growth ◽

Southeast United States ◽

Alternative Means ◽

Soil Seedbank ◽

Crop Competition

Herbicide-resistant Palmer amaranth has become the most economically detrimental weed of cotton in the southeast United States. With the continual marginalization of potential herbicide tools, research has expanded to include alternative means of affecting future Palmer amaranth populations by altering safe sites and reducing inputs to the seedbank population. The influence of delayed Palmer amaranth establishment on seed production potential has not been investigated in the southeast United States. Studies were conducted to evaluate the influence of time of Palmer amaranth establishment on morphology, growth, and seed production. The experiment was a factorial, with five levels of Palmer amaranth transplanting (0 to 12 wk after cotton planting) and two levels of crop type (cotton and noncrop). In the absence of crop competition, the first cohort of Palmer amaranth produced 446,000 seeds per plant. This potential seed production was reduced 50% when Palmer amaranth plants were established nearly 6 wk later. In contrast, the first Palmer amaranth cohort growing in competition with cotton produced 312,000 seeds, 30% less than was produced in the absence of competition. Interference from cotton shifted time to 50% seed production to nearly 4 wk earlier in the growing season, relative to plants without crop competition. Delayed establishment of Palmer amaranth simulates premature loss of herbicide efficacy and alters the competitive balance between cotton and Palmer amaranth. Although the planting time that resulted in 50% reduction in Palmer amaranth plant height at the end of the season was not affected by the presence of cotton, 50% reduction in plant width and biomass occurred within the first 3.8 wk of the growing season when growing with cotton, more than 4 wk earlier than Palmer amaranth growing without a crop. This suggests that early season weed control programs will have a large effect on Palmer amaranth potential growth and seed production, as well as crop yield. To implement soil seedbank reduction strategies effectively, information on mechanisms that regulate Palmer amaranth persistence in the soil seedbank is needed.

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Application of biofungicides Bisolbifit and Bisolbisan for protection of cabbage from diseases

VEGETABLE CROPS OF RUSSIA ◽

10.18619/2072-9146-2019-4-90-92 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 90-92

Author(s):

Vitaliy N. Gubkin ◽

Lyudmila L. Bondareva

Keyword(s):

Seed Production ◽

Preventive Measures ◽

Growing Season ◽

Hybrid Plant ◽

Bacterial Metabolism ◽

Crop Breeding ◽

Plant Yield ◽

Resistant Varieties ◽

Biological Effectiveness ◽

Cole Crop

Relevance The main diseases that affect cabbage crops during the growing season are bacterioses, alternariosis, fusarium and others. Despite the success of breeding to create resistant varieties and hybrids in some years, there is a massive disease defeat of cabbage. Therefore, preventive measures aimed at reducing the level of cabbage diseases are of paramount importance. In recent years, in connection with the development of agricultural biotechnology for the prevention of cabbage diseases, biologics have been proposed based on the products of bacterial metabolism: antibiotics, enzymes, phytohormones, vitamins, etc. Methods In the Laboratory of Cole Crop Breeding and Seed Production of the Federal Scientific Vegetable Center in 2017-2018 conducted tests of biofungicides. The article presents the results of tests of biofungicides BisolbiSana and BisolbiFita to protect cabbage from diseases. Results The biological effectiveness of pre-sowing treatment of seeds and vegetative plants with biofungicides against cabbage altenariosis was 53.3-57.1%, against bacterial mucosa 40.2-47.8% depending on the variety (hybrid). Plant yield increased by 7-8.5%.

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