THE EFFECT OF HIGH TEMPERATURE ON THE STEM RUST RESISTANCE OF WHEAT VARIETIES

1941 ◽  
Vol 19c (11) ◽  
pp. 438-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Johnson ◽  
Margaret Newton
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Rust Resistance ◽  
Stem Rust Resistance ◽  
Intermediate Temperature ◽  
Puccinia Graminis ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Physiologic Races ◽  
Moderately Resistant

Eighteen stem rust resistant wheat varieties were tested, in the greenhouse, for their reaction to three physiologic races of Puccinia graminis Tritici Erikss. and Henn. at three different temperatures: a constant low temperature of about 60° F., a constant high temperature of about 80° F., and an intermediate temperature which fluctuated daily from 50° to 55° F. at night to 70° to 85° F. at midday.At the low and at the intermediate temperature some of the varieties proved immune while others proved highly or moderately resistant. At the high temperature five varieties (Bokveld, Iumillo, Gaza, Red Egyptian, and N.A. 95 Egypt) were immune or highly resistant; six varieties (Marquillo × Waratah, Hope, Hochzucht, Minor, Bobin Gaza Robin, and Federation × Acme) were moderately resistant; and seven varieties (Kenya, Syria, McMurachy, Sweden, Rhodesian, Talberg, and Eureka) were moderately or completely susceptible.

scholarly journals Markers Linked to Wheat Stem Rust Resistance Gene Sr11 Effective to Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici Race TKTTF

2016 ◽  
Vol 106 (11) ◽  
pp. 1352-1358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jayaveeramuthu Nirmala ◽  
Shiaoman Chao ◽  
Pablo Olivera ◽  
Ebrahiem M. Babiker ◽  
Bekele Abeyo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Rust ◽  
Rust Resistance ◽  
Genetic Resistance ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Snp Markers ◽  
Stem Rust Resistance ◽  
Puccinia Graminis ◽  
Wheat Stem Rust ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Breeding Lines

Wheat stem rust, caused by Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici, can cause severe yield losses on susceptible wheat varieties and cultivars. Although stem rust can be controlled by the use of genetic resistance, population dynamics of P. graminis f. sp. tritici can frequently lead to defeat of wheat stem rust resistance genes. P. graminis f. sp. tritici race TKTTF caused a severe epidemic in Ethiopia on Ug99-resistant ‘Digalu’ in 2013 and 2014. The gene Sr11 confers resistance to race TKTTF and is present in ‘Gabo 56’. We identified seven single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers linked to Sr11 from a cross between Gabo 56 and ‘Chinese Spring’ exploiting a 90K Infinium iSelect Custom beadchip. Five SNP markers were validated on a ‘Berkut’/‘Scalavatis’ population that segregated for Sr11, using KBioscience competitive allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (KASP) assays. Two of the SNP markers, KASP_6BL_IWB10724 and KASP_6BL_IWB72471, were predictive of Sr11 among wheat genetic stocks, cultivars, and breeding lines from North America, Ethiopia, and Pakistan. These markers can be utilized to select for Sr11 in wheat breeding and to detect the presence of Sr11 in uncharacterized germplasm.

scholarly journals Seedling Stage Resistance of Iranian Bread Wheat Germplasm to Race Ug99 of Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici

Plant Disease ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 97 (3) ◽  
pp. 387-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohsen Mohammadi ◽  
Davoud Torkamaneh ◽  
Mehran Patpour
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Rust Resistance ◽  
Stem Rust Resistance ◽  
Puccinia Graminis ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Wheat Germplasm ◽  
Stem Rust Resistance Genes ◽  
Rust Resistance Genes

Following emergence of Ug99, the new virulent race of Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici in Africa, a global effort for identification and utilization of new sources of Ug99-resistant germplasm has been undertaken. In this study, we conducted replicated experiments to evaluate the resistance of Iranian wheat germplasm to the TTKSK lineage of the Ug99 race of P. graminis f. sp. tritici. We also evaluated for presence of stem rust resistance genes (i.e., Sr2, Sr24, Sr26, Sr38, Sr39, Sr31, and Sr1RSAmigo) in wheat cultivars and breeding lines widely cultivated in Iran. Our phenotyping data revealed high levels of susceptibility to Ug99 in Iranian bread wheat germplasm. Our genotyping data revealed that Iranian cultivars do not carry Sr24, Sr26, or Sr1RSAmigo. Only a few salt-tolerant cultivars and breeding lines tested positively for Sr2, Sr31, Sr38, or Sr39 markers. In conclusion, the genetic basis for resistance to Ug99 in Iranian wheat cultivars was found to be vulnerable. Acquiring knowledge about existing resistance genes and haplotypes in wheat cultivars and breeding lines will help breeders, cereal pathologists, and policy makers to select and pyramid effective stem rust resistance genes.

The inheritance of stem rust resistance in Thatcher wheat

2000 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. Knott
Keyword(s):  
Stem Rust ◽  
Rust Resistance ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Stem Rust Resistance ◽  
Puccinia Graminis ◽  
Single Seed Descent ◽  
Good Resistance ◽  
Canadian Prairies ◽  
Single Seed ◽  
Inheritance Of Rust Resistance

Thatcher was the predominant wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivar on the Canadian prairies in the 1950s. Until race 15B (TMH) of stem rust (Puccinia graminis pers. f. sp. tritici Eriks. & Henn.) became widespread, Thatcher had good resistance to stem rust, but was susceptible to leaf rust (P. recondita f. sp. tritici Rob. ex Desm.). Although genes for stem rust resistance have been identified in Thatcher, the inheritance of its resistance has never been fully understood. The objective of this research was to attempt to elucidate the inheritance of the resistance of Thatcher and to determine why it had a reputation as a poor parent for rust resistance. Over a period of 40 yr, crosses and backcrosses to a susceptible genotype and two sets of single seed descent (SSD) lines were studied. The second set of SSD lines was tested with isolates of six races of stem rust to which Thatcher is resistant. The data showed that Thatcher is a very heterogenous cultivar with individual plants differing widely in the genes for stem rust resistance that they carry. The inheritance of rust resistance varied greatly from race to race and was often quite complex. Either complementary genes or a gene plus a suppressor appeared to condition resistance to one race. Most genes gave resistance to only one race. The presence of Sr5, which Thatcher is known to have obtained from Kanred, was confirmed. Most of its many additional genes probably came from Iumillo durum wheat. Key words: Stem rust, Thatcher wheat, single seed descent

Inheritance of leaf rust and stem rust resistances in wheat cultivars Agent and Agatha

1977 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 37 ◽  
Author(s):  
RA McIntosh ◽  
PL Dyck ◽  
GJ Green
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Rust Resistance ◽  
Wheat Chromosome ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Stem Rust Resistance ◽  
Puccinia Graminis ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Agropyron Elongatum ◽  
Adult Plants

The wheat cultivars Agent and Agatha each possess closely linked genes for resistance to Puccinia graminis tritici and P. recondita derived from Agropyron elongatum. The genes in Agent, located in chromosome 3D, were designated Sr24 and Lr24. The gene in Agatha for resistance to P. graminis tritici was designated Sr25 and is linked with Lr19 in chromosome 7D. Both Agent and Agatha possess additional genes for resistance to certain cultures of P. graminis tritici. Sr24 is considered a valuable source of resistance for wheat-breeding purposes, but Sr25 conferred an inadequate level of resistance to adult plants. A translocation from an A. elongatum chromosome to wheat chromosome 6A, present in Australian cultivars Eagle, Kite and Jabiru, carries a third gene, Sr26, for stem rust resistance.

Virulence Characterization of Puccinia graminis f. sp. avenae and Resistance of Oat Cultivars in China

Plant Disease ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tianya Li ◽  
Yiwei Xu ◽  
Xue Zhang ◽  
Xian Xin Wu ◽  
Yazhao Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Rust ◽  
Rust Resistance ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Stem Rust Resistance ◽  
Adult Plant ◽  
Puccinia Graminis ◽  
Resistant Cultivars ◽  
Oat Cultivars ◽  
First Time

Oat stem rust, caused by Puccinia graminis f. sp. avenae (Pga), is one of the most devastating diseases of oat. The most cost-effective and eco-friendly strategy to control this disease is the use of resistant cultivars. However, P. graminis f. sp. avenae can overcome the resistance of cultivars by rapidly changing its virulence. Thus, information on the virulence of P. graminis f. sp. avenae populations and resistance of cultivars is critical to control the disease. The current study was conducted to monitor the virulence composition and dynamics in the P. graminis f. sp. avenae population in China and to evaluate resistance of oat cultivars. Oat leaves naturally infected by P. graminis f. sp. avenae were collected during 2018 and 2019 and 159 isolates were derived from single uredinia. The isolates were tested on 12 international differential lines, and eight races, TJJ, TBD, TJB, TJD, TJL, TJN, TGD, and TKN, were identified for the first time in China. The predominant race was TJD, virulent against Pg1, Pg2, Pg3, Pg4, Pg8, Pg9, and Pg15, accounting for 35.8% and 37.8% in 2018 and 2019, respectively. The sub-predominant races were TJN (30.2% in 2018, 28.3% in 2019) and TKN (20.8% in 2018, 12.3% in 2019). All isolates were virulent to Pg1, Pg2, Pg3, and Pg4, and avirulent to Pg6 and Pg16. The three predominant races (TJD, TJN, and TKN) were used to evaluate resistance in 30 Chinese oat cultivars at the seedling and adult-plant stages. Five cultivars, Bayan 1, Baiyan 2, Baiyan 3, Baiyan 5, and Baiyan 9, were highly resistant to the three races at both seedling and adult-plant stages. The results of the virulences and frequencies of P. graminis f. sp. avenae races and the resistant cultivars will be useful in understanding the pathogen migration and evolution and for breeding oat cultivars with stem rust resistance.

GENES FOR STEM RUST RESISTANCE IN WHEAT VARIETIES HOPE AND H-44

1971 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 186-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. Knott
Keyword(s):  
Plant Resistance ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Rust Resistance ◽  
Adult Plant Resistance ◽  
Recessive Gene ◽  
Stem Rust Resistance ◽  
Adult Plant ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Chromosome 3B

Tests were carried out to identify and locate the genes for resistance to races 15B-1L and 56 in Hope and H-44. The gene Sr1 which conditions resistance to race 56 was found to be either very closely linked or more probably allelic to Sr9. It is proposed that it be redesignated Sr9d. The gene Sr2 which conditions adult plant resistance to race 56 appears to be on chromosome 3B. The recessive gene conditioning resistance to race 15B-1L was identified as sr17 which is on chromosome 7B.

Assessment of receptivity and urediospore production as components of wheat stem rust resistance

1978 ◽  
Vol 56 (16) ◽  
pp. 1827-1839 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Mortensen ◽  
G. J. Green
Keyword(s):  
Stem Rust ◽  
Rust Resistance ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Stem Rust Resistance ◽  
Wheat Stem Rust ◽  
Slow Rusting ◽  
Field Investigations ◽  
Physiologic Races ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Adult Plants

In a field experiment the wheat cultivars Glenwari, Exchange, Thatcher, Warigo, Idaed 59, and Hopps were assessed as having slow rusting abilities when artificially inoculated with a mixture of 22 physiologic races of stem rust. Resistance that resulted in slow rusting was demonstrated in growth cabinets with adult plants of these six cultivars after standardized inoculation with three stem rust races followed by uniform incubation and growth conditions. The investigation revealed that the following different kinds of resistance were involved: (1) 'specific' resistance effective against race C17 was observed in tests with seedlings and adult plants of Thatcher, Hopps, and Idaed 59; (2) low receptivity was observed in tests with adult plants of Glenwari, Warigo. Hopps, and Idaed 59; and (3) low urediospore production per pustule was evident in tests of the cultivar Exchange. The resistance of the cultivar Thatcher appeared complex, involving slow and nonuniform pustule development.Resistance expressed as low receptivity and low urediospore productivity varied in effectiveness against different physiologic races. In many instances significant interactions occurred between cultivars and races. Temperature changes appeared to affect the expression of resistance in many race–cultivar combinations. Thus, this type of resistance does not fit the definition of horizontal resistance proposed by van der Plank. Nevertheless, field investigations indicate that the resistance is effective against many rust races and could be potentially valuable in breeding programs.

scholarly journals Resistance in U.S. Wheat to Recent Eastern African Isolates of Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici with Virulence to Resistance Gene Sr31

Plant Disease ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 90 (4) ◽  
pp. 476-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Jin ◽  
R. P. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Rust Resistance ◽  
Stem Rust Resistance ◽  
Puccinia Graminis ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Hard Red Winter Wheat ◽  
Soft Winter Wheat ◽  
Red Winter Wheat

The stem rust resistance gene Sr31 derived from rye has been used as an important source of stem rust resistance in many wheat cultivars worldwide. Isolates of Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici with virulence to Sr31 were identified from Uganda in 1999. Stem rust susceptibility in wheat lines with Sr31 was observed in Kenya in 2003 and 2004. An isolate collected from Uganda in 1999 and an isolate collected from Kenya in 2004, identified to be race TTKS, were used in the rust evaluations. Selected cultivars and advanced breeding lines (450 in total) of wheat from the United States were tested against these two stem rust isolates. Resistance to race TTKS was detected in major classes of wheat with the following frequencies: 16% of hard red spring wheat, 48% of hard red winter wheat, and 27% of soft winter wheat. The genes that conferred resistance in the spring wheat have not been conclusively identified. Resistance in cultivar Ivan was likely due to Sr24. Resistance in hard red winter wheat was postulated to be primarily due to Sr24, and resistance in soft winter wheat was postulated to be primarily due to Sr36. The 1AL.1RS translocation present in many U.S. winter wheat cultivars and breeding lines appears to carry an effective resistance gene different from Sr31. The presence of resistance to race TTKS in the adapted germ plasm presents an opportunity to improve stem rust resistance in wheat.

scholarly journals Physical Mapping of Stem Rust Resistance Gene Sr52 from Dasypyrum villosum Based on ph1b-Induced Homoeologous Recombination

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (19) ◽  
pp. 4887 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li ◽  
Dong ◽  
Ma ◽  
Tian ◽  
Qi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Rust Resistance ◽  
Distal Segment ◽  
Stem Rust Resistance ◽  
Dasypyrum Villosum ◽  
Wheat Stem Rust ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Stem Rust Resistance Genes ◽  
Chromosome Segments

Wheat stem rust caused by Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici (Pgt) had been a devastating foliar disease worldwide during the 20th century. With the emergence of Ug99 races, which are virulent to most stem rust resistance genes deployed in wheat varieties and advanced lines, stem rust has once again become a disease threatening global wheat production. Sr52, derived from Dasypyrum villosum and mapped to the long arm of 6V#3, is one of the few effective genes against Ug99 races. In this study, the wheat–D. villosum Robertsonian translocation T6AS·6V#3L, the only stock carrying Sr52 released to experimental and breeding programs so far, was crossed with a CS ph1b mutant to induce recombinants with shortened 6V#3L chromosome segments locating Sr52. Six independent homozygous recombinants with different segment sizes and breakpoints were developed and characterized using in situ hybridization and molecular markers analyses. Stem rust resistance evaluation showed that only three terminal recombinants (1381, 1380, and 1392) containing 8%, 22%, and 30% of the distal segment of 6V#3L, respectively, were resistant to stem rust. Thus, the gene Sr52 was mapped into 6V#3L bin FL 0.92–1.00. In addition, three molecular markers in the Sr52-located interval of 6V#3L were confirmed to be diagnostic markers for selection of Sr52 introgressed into common wheat. The newly developed small segment translocation lines with Sr52 and the identified molecular markers closely linked to Sr52 will be valuable for wheat disease breeding.

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