SOME EFFECTS OF ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION ON SOCKEYE SALMON EGGS AND ALEVINS

1950 ◽  
Vol 28d (1) ◽  
pp. 35-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Mary Bell ◽  
William S. Hoar
Keyword(s):  
Ultraviolet Radiation ◽  
Histological Examination ◽  
Vertebral Column ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
Goblet Cells ◽  
Epidermal Layer ◽  
General Electric ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Salmon Eggs

Ultraviolet radiation of wave lengths from 2800 Å to 3100 Å, generated by a General Electric RS sun lamp, was used to irradiate eggs and alevins of the sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka). Mortality curves are presented for a series of measured dosages. Irradiation of eggs in the later stages of development produced a stimulating effect on the rate of hatching. These premature alevins, which hatched a month before the controls, were abnormal in several respects. The vertebral column was curved downward over the region of the heart, growth was retarded, the yolk was not utilized as rapidly as in the controls and pigmentation was delayed. The mortality was particularly high at the time of hatching and the process was abnormal. Histological examination of irradiated alevins revealed changes in the epidermis and fibroelastic layers of the skin. These were localized to the irradiated regions. Heavy doses produced severe degeneration of the epidermal layer with the formation of granules in the nuclei, the breakdown of the goblet cells, and subsequent desquamation. The changes were less extreme with lower dosages and in these fish a recovery began about 13 days after irradiation. Internal organs and tissues beneath the fibroelastic layers of the skin were not visibly affected by the irradiation.

Behavior and Distribution of Spawning Sockeye Salmon on Island Beaches in Iliamna Lake, Alaska, 1965

1968 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 485-494 ◽  
Author(s):  
Orra E. Kerns Jr. ◽  
John R. Donaldson
Keyword(s):  
Ultraviolet Radiation ◽  
Ground Water ◽  
Shallow Water ◽  
Food Supply ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
Algal Growth ◽  
Territorial Defense ◽  
Spawning Behavior ◽  
Close Proximity

In 1965, spawning was studied on the island beaches of the eastern part of Iliamna Lake from a 5.5-m tower mounted on a 9.1-m boat and with the use of scuba. Over 3 million sockeye salmon, Oncorhynchus nerka (Walbaum), utilized nearly 130 ha of the beaches surveyed during the period August 8–21. The total spawning population and utilized area of shoreline of all the islands in the lake were greater since each area was surveyed only once and possible multiple waves of spawners were not taken into account, and not all of the island shoreline was surveyed by the above methods. The salmon generally spawned in dense groups, over immovable rock, in exposed areas with no upwelling ground water, and with little display of territorial defense. Density ranged from less than 0.1 fish to more than 5 fish per 0.84 m2 (1 yard2). The latter density prevailed on reefs and outside points of the islands. Seventy-three per cent of spawning took place over bottom with irregular rocks from 102 to 305 mm (4–12 inches) in diam, and over 90% at depths from 2 to 6 m (6–20 ft) on bottom with slopes from 15 to 25°. Commonly, in a group of fish, one or more of the females were seen with their vents down in rock interstices, emitting eggs, while the males in close proximity were observed releasing milt. Eggs on the beaches are probably aerated by wind-generated lake currents and seiches. Of 3553 eggs collected from several island beaches, 6.8% were infertile.Several features of the spawning behavior and environment are favorable to the survival of eggs and fry. The bottom is not scoured. Most eggs are deposited between immovable rocks and are thus not disturbed by subsequent spawners. Fry emerging from the beaches have immediate access to the large food supply in the lake. Some hazards are predation on eggs by fishes, freezing, and ultraviolet radiation of eggs in shallow water, and smothering of eggs in areas with a high density of eggs or algal growth.

Effects of Feeding on the Thyroid, Kidney, and Pancreas in Sexually Ripening Adult Sockeye Salmon (Oncorhyncus nerka)

1967 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. McBride
Keyword(s):  
Histological Examination ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
Gonad Development ◽  
Degenerative Changes ◽  
In The Wild

In unfed adult sockeye salmon, Oncorhynchus nerka, histological examination showed extensive degenerative changes in the thyroid, pancreas, and kidney during gonad development. The more pronounced changes were generally noted in starved fish spawned in the wild. Feeding either prevented (thyroid) or distinctly reduced (pancreas, kidney) these changes in the sexually ripe fish. In fed spent sockeye the thyroid showed little change, the kidney exhibited further deterioration although not as marked as in the corresponding unfed fish, but the pancreas showed marked degenerative changes comparable with those exhibited in the unfed.

Biochemical Studies on Sockeye Salmon During Spawning Migration.: IX. Fat, Protein and Water in the Major Internal Organs and Cholesterol in the Liver and Gonads of the Standard Fish

1960 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. Idler ◽  
I. Bitners
Keyword(s):  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Alimentary Tract ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
The Body ◽  
Spawning Migration ◽  
Fraser River ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Biochemical Studies ◽  
River Migration

Absolute changes in fat, protein and water of all major internal organs and free and esterified cholesterol of the liver and gonads of standard male and female sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) during the 1957 Fraser River spawning migration to Stuart Lake are discussed. The alimentary tract is the major source of fat and protein from the internal organs and the greater part of this reserve is expended in the first 250 miles (403 km) of the river migration. The testes consumed only 0.5% of the energy expended from the body of the standard male while the ovaries consumed 8% of the energy expended from the body of the standard female.

Resumption of anadromy or straying? Origins of Sockeye Salmon Oncorhynchus nerka in the Elwha River

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas P. Quinn ◽  
George R. Pess ◽  
Ben J.G. Sutherland ◽  
Samuel J. Brenkman ◽  
Ruth E. Withler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
Elwha River

Alternative Recruitment Models of Adams River Sockeye Salmon, Oncorhynchus nerka

1987 ◽  
Vol 44 (9) ◽  
pp. 1551-1561 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy S. Collie ◽  
Carl J. Walters
Keyword(s):  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
Management Policy ◽  
Best Management ◽  
Interaction Terms ◽  
Ricker Model ◽  
The Status ◽  
Stock Recruitment ◽  
High Yields

Despite evidence of depensatory interactions among year-classes of Adams River sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka), the best management policy is one of equal escapement for all year-classes. We fit alternative models (Ricker model and Larkin model) to 32 yr of stock–recruitment data and checked, using simulation tests, that the significant interaction terms in the Larkin model are not caused by biases in estimating the parameters. We identified a parameter set (Rationalizer model) for which the status quo cyclic escapement policy is optimal, but this set fits the observed data very poorly. Thus it is quite unlikely that the Rationalizer model is correct or that the status quo escapement policy is optimal. Using the fitted stock–recruitment parameters, we simulated the sockeye population under several management policies. The escapement policy optimal under the Ricker model is best overall because of the high yields if it should be correct. If the three stock–recruitment models are equally likely to be correct, the simulations predict that adopting a constant-escapement policy would increase long-term yield 30% over the current policy and that an additional 15% increase in yield could be obtained if the policy were actively adaptive.

Reduced growth in wild juvenile sockeye salmon Oncorhynchus nerka infected with sea lice

2017 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. C. Godwin ◽  
L. M. Dill ◽  
M. Krkošek ◽  
M. H. H. Price ◽  
J. D. Reynolds
Keyword(s):  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
Sea Lice

Validation of daily increments and a marine-entry check in the otoliths of sockeye salmon Oncorhynchus nerka post-smolts

2015 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 169-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Freshwater ◽  
M. Trudel ◽  
T. D. Beacham ◽  
C.-E. Neville ◽  
S. Tucker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
Daily Increments

Biochemical Studies on Sockeye Salmon During Spawning Migration: XI. The Free Histidine Content of the Tissues

1960 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 347-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Wood ◽  
D. W. Duncan ◽  
M. Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Alimentary Tract ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
The Other ◽  
Spawning Migration ◽  
Fraser River ◽  
Initial Value ◽  
Spawning Grounds ◽  
Biochemical Studies

During the first 250 miles (400 km) of spawning migration of Fraser River sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) the free histidine content of the muscle, alimentary tract, and head+skin+bones+tail decreased to a small fraction of the initial value. A further decrease occurred in the levels of this amino acid in the alimentary tract during the subsequent 415-mile (657-km) migration to the spawning grounds, no change being observed with the other tissues. Comparatively small changes in free histidine were found with heart, spleen, liver, kidney and gonads during migration.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document