Soil Mehlich-3 extractable elements as affected by the addition of biochars to a clay soil co-amended with or without a compost

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vicky Lévesque ◽  
Bernard Gagnon ◽  
Noura Ziadi
Keyword(s):  
Acer Saccharum ◽  
Microbial Growth ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Pore Space ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Volumetric Soil Water Content ◽  
Incubation Study ◽  
Volumetric Soil Water ◽  
Biochar Amendment ◽  
Amended Soil

Biochar has potential to sequester carbon and mitigate greenhouse gas emissions, and it may also contribute nutrients for plant growth in temperate climates. Nutrient availability in biochar-amended soil was assessed in a 338-d incubation study. The clay soil prepared with 4% w/w (dry basis) compost or without compost, then amended with wood-based biochar made at different pyrolysis temperatures (maple bark [Acer saccharum] at 400°C [M400], 550°C [M550] and 700°C [M700]) on a dry-rate basis of 5% (w/w). After moistening the soil mixture to 44% volumetric soil water content (equivalent to 70% water-filled pore space), soil mixtures were incubated in the dark at 22°C. Soil was sampled at days 9, 16, 23, 44, 86, 23 170 and 338 of the incubation. Biochar amendment increased the Mehlich-3 P, K, Ca, Mg and Cu concentrations, and reduced the Mehlich-3 Al and Fe concentrations at each sampling date, and M400 had the most significant effect on Mehlich-3 extractable nutrient concentrations. Compost addition also increased the amounts of extractable nutrients. These results suggested that M400 and carbon-rich compost promoted microbial growth and mineralization in amended soil. In addition, soil mixed with compost and amended with biochar had more Mehlich-3 extractable K than when compost or biochar were applied alone, probably due to greater growth and activity of soil K-solubilizing microorganisms. Overall, our study indicated that co-application of wood-based biochar and compost could improve soil fertility in temperate regions by increasing the availability of most plant macronutrients and micronutrients.

Effect of Heterogeneous Field Conditions on Corn Seeding Depth Accuracy and Uniformity

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 819-830 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aurelie M. Poncet ◽  
John P. Fulton ◽  
Timothy P. McDonald ◽  
Thorsten Knappenberger ◽  
Joey N. Shaw ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Precision Agriculture ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Unit Weight ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Volumetric Soil Water Content ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Unit Depth ◽  
Planter Performance ◽  
Volumetric Soil Water

Abstract. Optimization of planter performance such as uniform seeding depth is required to maximize crop yield potential. Typically, seeding depth is manually adjusted prior to planting by selecting a row-unit depth and a row-unit downforce to ensure proper seed-soil contact. Once set, row-unit depth and downforce are usually not adjusted again for a field although soil conditions may vary. Optimization of planter performance requires automated adjustments of planter settings to varying soil conditions, but development of precision technologies with such capabilities requires a better understanding of soil-planter interactions. The objective of this study was to evaluate seeding depth response to varying soil conditions between and within fields and to discuss implications for development and implementation of active planting technologies. A 6-row John Deere MaxEmerge Plus planter equipped with heavy-duty downforce springs was used to plant corn ( L.) in central Alabama during the 2014 and 2015 growing seasons. Three depths (4.4, 7.0, and 9.5 cm) and three downforces (corresponding to an additional row-unit weight of 0.0, 1.1, and 1.8 kN) were selected to represent common practices. Depth and downforce were not readjusted between fields and growing seasons. Seeding depth was measured after emergence. Corn seeding depth significantly varied with heterogeneous soil conditions between and within fields and the planter failed to achieve uniform seeding depth across a field. Differences in corn seeding depth between fields and growing seasons were as high as 2.1 cm for a given depth and downforce combination. Corn seeding depth significantly co-varied with field elevation but not with volumetric soil water content. Seeding depth varied with elevation at a rate ranging from -0.1 cm/m to -0.6 cm/m. Seeding depth co-variation to field elevation account for some but not all site-specific seeding depth variability identified within each field trial. These findings provide a better understanding of site-specific seeding depth variability and issues to address for the development of site-specific planting technologies to control seeding depth accuracy and improve uniformity. Keywords: Depth control, Downforce, Planter, Precision agriculture, Seeding depth, Uniformity.

scholarly journals Effects of volumetric soil water content and fertilizer rate on growth and baicalin accumulation in two species of Scutellaria

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 97-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morgan Amanda ◽  
Joseph Pearson Brian ◽  
Shad Ali Gul ◽  
Moore Kimberly ◽  
Osborne Lance
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Fertilizer Rate ◽  
Volumetric Soil Water Content ◽  
Volumetric Soil Water

Assessment of errors in nutrient analyses of roots

Soil Research ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 1275 ◽  
Author(s):  
RK Misra
Keyword(s):  
Soil Contamination ◽  
Nutrient Concentration ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Nutrient Loss ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Root Sample ◽  
Nutrient Analyses ◽  
And Storage

Errors in nutrient analyses of roots may arise from soil adhering to roots, the method of root separation from soil and storage of root samples. Experiments were conducted on fine roots of Eucalyptus nitens from a clay soil to establish a method for estimating true concentrations of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) in root samples (i.e. unbiased by the soil adhering to roots), and to test the adequacy of measurements of ash residues of root samples for estimating the quantity of soil adhering to roots. Results indicated that nutrient concentrations on the basis of ash-free weight of root samples approached true nutrient concentrations of roots when the quality of soil adhering to roots was small, and the nutrient concentration of soil was much lower than the roots. Estimates of true nutrient concentrations of roots calculated from the information on the weight of soil adhering to roots and the nutrient concentration of the soil were satisfactory in the prediction of nutrient content of roots for a range of soil-contamination. The factor which accounted for contamination, and helped estimation of true concentrations from measured concentrations, depended on the magnitude of soil contamination and the relative concentrations of nutrients in roots and soil. Wet separation (washing) of roots from soil compared with dry separation resulted in 24% loss of K. With various methods of storage of washed root samples, the level of soil contamination was 5-20% of the root sample. Submergence of roots in water for 15 days after washing reduced the concentration of N, P and K in roots to 84, 50 and 54% of those roots which were dried immediately following washing. The rate of nutrient loss from roots was greater for K than for N and P when washed samples were stored submerged. On the basis of this study, it is recommended that roots, after separation from soil, should be dried as soon as possible with a minimum exposure of roots to wet conditions. Estimates of soil adhering to roots, and nutrient concentration of the adhering soil, are required to infer correct concentrations of nutrients in root samples.

scholarly journals Monthly Monitoring of the Nutrient Status in Citrus Leaves as a Guide for Proper Fertilization

1999 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
A.A. EI-Sayed ◽  
M.M. Shaaban
Keyword(s):  
Growth Stage ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Leaf Nitrogen ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Split Application ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Nitrogen Concentrations ◽  
Citrus Leaves

A field study was conducted with five citrus cultivars grown in clay soil in Kewesna, Monufia, Egypt for two successive growing seasons. The study aimed at using nutrient concentrations in the leaves as a guide for proper fertilization. The study revealed that most of the nutrients in the soil were at adequate levels. However, there were unfavorable soil conditions that affected negatively nutrient availability, Nutrient concentrations in the leaves of the five cultivars were nearly the same, except for a few cases. Leaf nitrogen concentrations were at adequate levels. To minimize the usage of fertilizers, the quantity of N-fertilizer should not exceed 100 kg N per feddan, added as three doses in September, March and June. Phosphorus fertilizers should be added in September and when another dose is needed, it should be in May. For such a clay soil, nearly double the potassium requirement of the crop should be added as split application. More attention should be given to magnesium fertilization. Micronutrients concentrations were at adequate levels. However, under such soil conditions, fertilizers of acidic reactions are recommended and micronutrients should be supplied as foliar sprays in September, March and May. Adequate levels of the nutrients in the 5-7 months spring flush together with the high obtained yields suggest that the obtained levels of the nutrients (except copper) can be used as a basis to correct the fertilizer programmes at any growth stage.

scholarly journals Postharvest Performance of ‘Pacific Rose™’ Apple Grown Under Partial Rootzone Drying

HortScience ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 952-954 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge A. Zegbe ◽  
M. Hossein Behboudian ◽  
Brent E. Clothier ◽  
Alexander Lang
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Quality Attributes ◽  
Volumetric Soil Water Content ◽  
Lower Weight ◽  
Partial Rootzone Drying ◽  
Two Sides ◽  
Volumetric Soil Water

Quality and storability of ‘Pacific Rose™’ apple grown under partial rootzone drying (PRD) were studied over 2 years. The treatments were commercial irrigation (CI) and PRD, which were applied by watering one side of the tree row throughout the season (Expt. 1) or by alternating irrigation between two sides of the tree row when volumetric soil water content ranged between 0.18 and 0.22 m3·m−3 (Expt. 2). The PRD and CI fruit had similar quality attributes at harvest and after storage except that the former had lower weight loss during storage in Exp. 1 and a lower firmness after storage in Exp. 2. Compared with CI, PRD saved water by 0.15 mega liters per hectare in Exp. 1 and by 0.14 mega liters per hectare in Exp. 2. We recommend PRD for humid environments similar to ours.

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