New Dinopanorpidae (Insecta: Mecoptera) from the Eocene Okanagan Highlands (British Columbia, Canada and Washington State, USA)

2005 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Bruce Archibald
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Middle Eocene ◽  
Hind Wing ◽  
Washington State ◽  
Large Species ◽  
Far Eastern Russia ◽  
The Family ◽  
Okanagan Highlands ◽  
Far Eastern ◽  
Maritime Province

Six new species of the extinct family Dinopanorpidae (Mecoptera) are described in the new genus Dinokanaga gen. nov. from five Early (and early Middle?) Eocene Okanagan Highlands localities in British Columbia and Washington State. These are Dinokanaga hillsi sp. nov., D. wilsoni sp. nov., D. dowsonae sp. nov., D. andersoni sp. nov., D. sternbergi sp. nov., and D. webbi sp. nov. The family Dinopanorpidae is previously known only from a hind wing of Dinopanorpa megarche Cockerell, and an undescribed species of Dinopanorpa, both from the Paleogene of Primorye (Maritime Province) in Pacific coastal far-eastern Russia. The family includes mostly large species, with forewings up to 43 mm in length. Dinopanorpidae is particularly distinguished by a long R1 vein in both the fore- and hind wings, extending almost to the wing apex and bending posteriad distally. Their wings are mostly dark with light bands and spots; have many to extremely dense crossveins; and an expanded costal space in the basal quarter of the forewing, which is more developed in larger species. The rostrum is extended; the medigynium is without tongue-shaped structures.

The oldest Inocelliidae (Raphidioptera) from the Eocene of western North America

2019 ◽  
Vol 151 (04) ◽  
pp. 521-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir N. Makarkin ◽  
S. Bruce Archibald ◽  
James E. Jepson
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
North America ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Middle Eocene ◽  
Hind Wing ◽  
Western North America ◽  
Northwestern Montana ◽  
The Family ◽  
Okanagan Highlands ◽  
One New Species

AbstractOne new genus of Inocelliidae (Raphidioptera) with one new species and one undetermined specimen is described from the Eocene of North America: Paraksenocellia borealis new genus, new species from the early Eocene (Ypresian) Okanagan Highlands shale at Driftwood Canyon, British Columbia, Canada (a forewing), and Paraksenocellia species from the middle Eocene (Lutetian) of the Coal Creek Member of the Kishenehn Formation, northwestern Montana, United States of America (a hind wing). These are the oldest records of the family. The new genus possesses many character states that are rare in Inocelliidae, e.g., a very long pterostigma extending to ScP in both the forewings and hind wings; the forewing subcostal space has three crossveins; the forewing and hind wing AA1 are deeply forked; the crossvein between CuA and CuP is located far distad the crossvein 1r-m. Paraksenocellia is confidently a member of the Inocelliidae, as it possesses a proximal shift of the basal crossvein 1r-m (connecting R and M) in the forewing and the loss of the basal crossvein 1r-m in the hind wing, both apomorphies of the family. It shares some character states with the Mesozoic Mesoraphidiidae, which we consider to be mostly stem-group plesiomorphies.

Fossil biotas from the Okanagan Highlands, southern British Columbia and northeastern Washington State: climates and ecosystems across an Eocene landscape

2005 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
David R Greenwood ◽  
S Bruce Archibald ◽  
Rolf W Mathewes ◽  
Patrick T Moss
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
North American ◽  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Middle Eocene ◽  
Washington State ◽  
Leaf Margin ◽  
Forest Zone ◽  
Aquatic Fern ◽  
Equable Climate ◽  
Okanagan Highlands

The late Early to early Middle Eocene Okanagan Highlands fossil sites, spanning ~1000 km north–south (northeastern Washington State, southern British Columbia) provide an opportunity to reconstruct biotic communities across a broad upland landscape during the warmest part of the Cenozoic. Plant taxa from these fossil sites are characteristic of the modern eastern North American deciduous forest zone, principally the mixed mesophytic forest, but also include extinct taxa, taxa known only from eastern Asian mesothermal forests, and a small number of taxa restricted to the present-day North American west coast coniferous biome. In this preliminary report, paleoclimates and forest types are reconstructed using collections from Republic in Washington State, USA., and Princeton, Quilchena, Falkland, McAbee, Hat Creek, Horsefly, and Driftwood Canyon in British Columbia, Canada. Both leaf margin analysis (LMA) and quantitative bioclimatic analysis of identified nearest living relatives of megaflora indicated upper microthermal to lower mesothermal moist environments (MAT ~10–15 °C, CMMT > 0 °C, MAP > 100 cm/year). Some taxa common to most sites suggest cool conditions (e.g., Abies, other Pinaceae; Alnus, other Betulaceae). However, all floras contain a substantive broadleaf deciduous element (e.g., Fagaceae, Juglandaceae) and conifers (e.g., Metasequoia) with the bioclimatic analysis yielding slightly higher MAT than LMA. Thermophilic (principally mesothermal) taxa include various insects, the aquatic fern Azolla, palms, the banana relative Ensete, taxodiaceous conifers, Eucommia and Gordonia, taxa which may have occurred near their climatic limits. The mixture of thermophilic and temperate insect and plant taxa indicates low-temperature seasonality (i.e., highly equable climate).

Regional and local vegetation community dynamics of the Eocene Okanagan Highlands (British Columbia – Washington State) from palynology

2005 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick T Moss ◽  
David R Greenwood ◽  
S Bruce Archibald
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Community Dynamics ◽  
Middle Eocene ◽  
Regional Distribution ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Washington State ◽  
Depositional Environments ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Palynological Analysis ◽  
Okanagan Highlands

Palynofloras from the middle Early to early Middle Eocene Okanagan Highlands (northern Washington State and southern British Columbia) are used to reconstruct vegetation across a broad upland Eocene landscape. In this preliminary report, forest floristic composition is reconstructed using palynological analysis of sediments from Republic, Washington; localities of the Allenby Formation in the Princeton region (Hospital Hill, One Mile Creek and Summers Creek Road), Hat Creek, McAbee, Falkland, Horsefly, and Driftwood Canyon, British Columbia. Wind-dispersed taxa were dominant in all samples, consistent with floras preserved in lacustrine and paludal depositional environments. Pseudolarix was dominant in five of the floras, but Abies (Falkland) or Ulmus (Republic Corner Lot site) were dominant in individual samples for some floras. Betulaceae were dominant for McAbee (Alnus) and Allenby Formation (Betula), matching megafloral data for these sites. Some taxa common to most sites suggest cool conditions (e.g., Abies, other Pinaceae; Alnus, other Betulaceae). However, all floras contained a substantive broad-leaved deciduous element (e.g., Fagaceae, Juglandaceae) and conifers (e.g., Metasequoia) indicative of mesothermal conditions. Palms were only abundant in the Hat Creek coal flora, with very low counts recorded for the Falkland, McAbee, and Allenby Formation sites, suggesting that they were rare in much of the landscape and likely restricted to specialized habitats. Thermophilic (principally mesothermal) taxa, including palms (five sites) and "taxodiaceous" conifers, may have occurred at their climatic limits. The limiting factor controlling the regional distribution of thermophilic flora, which include primarily wetlands taxa, may be either climatic or edaphic.

Taxonomy, phylogeny, and paleoecology of Eoseira wilsonii gen. et sp. nov., a Middle Eocene diatom (Bacillariophyceae: Aulacoseiraceae) from lake sediments at Horsefly, British Columbia, Canada

2005 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander P Wolfe ◽  
Mark B Edlund
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Middle Eocene ◽  
Life Strategy ◽  
Centric Diatom ◽  
Evolutionary Trajectory ◽  
The Family ◽  
Freshwater Diatoms ◽  
Marine Realm ◽  
Diatom Genus ◽  
Early Cenozoic

A new centric diatom genus is described from laminated freshwater sediments of Middle Eocene age near Horsefly, British Columbia, Canada. This diatom, Eoseira wilsonii gen. et sp. nov., grew in filaments that constitute dense monospecific sub-horizons within the white couplets that represent summer deposition in the varved sequence. Although Eoseira clearly belongs within the Family Aulacoseiraceae, several features distinguish its valve structure from Aulacoseira. Gigantism of spines and the lack of geometric relationships between spine position and mantle areolae are the most conspicuous features of the genus. Eoseira is among the oldest freshwater diatoms known and one of relatively few extinct freshwater genera. In addition to serving as a potential biostratigraphic marker, Eoseira is a cornerstone to undertanding the evolutionary trajectory of the Aulacoseiraceae, likely the oldest family of freshwater diatoms. As such, it refines our understanding of early radiations from the marine realm in western North America. Furthermore, paleoecological inferences based on Eoseira life strategy pertain directly to limnological conditions during early Cenozoic hot-house conditions.

A new hydrozoan, Geomackiea zephyrolata gen. nov., sp. nov. (Anthomedusae: Pandeidae), from inland marine waters of British Columbia and Washington State

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (9) ◽  
pp. 2172-2175
Author(s):  
Claudia E. Mills
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Washington State ◽  
Marine Waters ◽  
Gonad Morphology ◽  
Saanich Inlet ◽  
The Family ◽  
Friday Harbor ◽  
Vertical Distributions

The hydromedusa Geomackiea zephyrolata gen. nov., sp. nov. is described and illustrated. It has been placed in the subfamily Protiarinae of the family Pandeidae on the basis of its stomach and gonad morphology and the four large perradial tentacles with conical basal bulbs. A new genus has been erected because the medusa is supplied with four broad interradial bulbs, each rimmed by up to eight closely packed solid tentaculae. A total of 29 specimens with bell heights of 0.9–3.5 mm have been collected in the plankton of Saanich Inlet, British Columbia, and Friday Harbor, Washington, between 1978 and 1981. Juvenile as well as adult specimens are described and the cnidome, gametes, seasonal and vertical distributions, and taxonomic affinities within the family Pandeidae are discussed.

Early Eocene (Ypresian) birds from the Okanagan Highlands, British Columbia (Canada) and Washington State (USA)

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (8) ◽  
pp. 803-813
Author(s):  
Gerald Mayr ◽  
S. Bruce Archibald ◽  
Gary W. Kaiser ◽  
Rolf W. Mathewes
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
North America ◽  
Fossil Record ◽  
Washington State ◽  
Fossil Birds ◽  
Early Eocene ◽  
Western North America ◽  
Postcranial Skeleton ◽  
The North ◽  
Okanagan Highlands

We survey the known avian fossils from Ypresian (early Eocene) fossil sites of the North American Okanagan Highlands, mainly in British Columbia (Canada). All specimens represent taxa that were previously unknown from the Eocene of far-western North America. Wings from the McAbee site are tentatively referred to the Gaviiformes and would constitute the earliest fossil record of this group of birds. A postcranial skeleton from Driftwood Canyon is tentatively assigned to the Songziidae, a taxon originally established for fossils from the Ypresian of China. Two skeletons from Driftwood Canyon and the McAbee site are tentatively referred to Coliiformes and Zygodactylidae, respectively, whereas three further fossils from McAbee, Blakeburn, and Republic (Washington, USA) are too poorly preserved for even a tentative assignment. The specimens from the Okanagan Highlands inhabited relatively high paleoaltitudes with microthermal climates (except Quilchena: lower mesothermal) and mild winters, whereas most other Ypresian fossil birds are from much warmer lowland paleoenvironments with upper mesothermal to megathermal climates. The putative occurrence of a gaviiform bird is particularly noteworthy because diving birds are unknown from other lacustrine Ypresian fossil sites of the Northern Hemisphere. The bones of the putative zygodactylid show a sulphurous colouration, and we hypothesize that this highly unusual preservation may be due to the metabolic activity of sulphide-oxidizing bacteria.

New Diversity among the Trochodendraceae from the Early/Middle Eocene Okanogan Highlands of British Columbia, Canada, and Northeastern Washington State, United States

2007 ◽  
Vol 168 (4) ◽  
pp. 521-532 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen B. Pigg ◽  
Richard M. Dillhoff ◽  
Melanie L. DeVore ◽  
Wesley C. Wehr
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
British Columbia ◽  
Middle Eocene ◽  
Washington State

Wes Wehr dedication

2005 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Bruce Archibald ◽  
Kathleen B Pigg ◽  
David R Greenwood ◽  
Steven R Manchester ◽  
Lisa Barksdale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Natural History ◽  
Washington State ◽  
Okanagan Highlands

We dedicate this issue to the memory of Wesley C. Wehr, former Affiliate Curator of Paleobotany, Burke Museum of Natural History and Culture, Seattle, Washington. Wes' contributions to paleontology, particularly in the Okanagan Highlands of Washington State and British Columbia; his influence on a generation of paleontologists (particularly paleobotanists) working in and coming from this region; and his warm friendship that brought together members of the scientific and arts communities were deeply influential, and will be fondly remembered.

Early Eocene snakeflies (Raphidioptera) of western North America from the Okanagan Highlands and Green River Formation

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4951 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-79
Author(s):  
S. BRUCE ARCHIBALD ◽  
VLADIMIR N. MAKARKIN
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
British Columbia ◽  
North America ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
Green River Formation ◽  
Early Eocene ◽  
Western North America ◽  
Green River ◽  
The Family ◽  
Okanagan Highlands

Four new species of Raphidiidae are described from the early Eocene of western North America: Megaraphidia antiquissima sp. nov. from McAbee, M. ootsa sp. nov. from Driftwood Canyon, M. hopkinsi sp. nov. from the Allenby Formation (all from British Columbia, Canada), M. klondika sp. nov. from Republic (Washington, United States of America). Archiinocellia Handlirsch, 1910, Archiinocellia oligoneura Handlirsch, 1910 from Horsefly River (British Columbia, Canada), and A. protomaculata (Engel, 2011), comb. nov., from the Green River Formation (Colorado, United States of America) are redescribed. Archiinocellia is assigned to Raphidiidae, sit. nov. The apparent absence of sclerotized gonocoxites 9 in the Archiinocellia protomaculata male is probably plesiomorphic at the family level. As some modern snakeflies do not require a cold interval to complete their development and Eocene Inocelliidae and Raphidiidae lived in regions of warm winters (especially A. protomaculata), adaptation to cold winters in many modern snakeflies is a post-Eocene phenomenon. Eocene Raphidiidae of Europe (Priabonian) differ greatly from those of North America (Ypresian and Priabonian). This pattern might reflect dispersal in either direction or ranges established prior to continental separation. Eocene Inocelliidae of Europe (Priabonian), however, are more similar to those of North America (Ypresian and Lutetian). 

A diverse new assemblage of green lacewings (Insecta, Neuroptera, Chrysopidae) from the early Eocene Okanagan Highlands, western North America

2013 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir N. Makarkin ◽  
S. Bruce Archibald
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Fossil Record ◽  
Large Species ◽  
Early Eocene ◽  
Western North America ◽  
Fossil Species ◽  
Green Lacewings ◽  
The Family ◽  
Okanagan Highlands ◽  
First Time

The early Eocene green lacewings (Neuroptera, Chrysopidae) of the Okanagan Highlands deposits of McAbee, and Driftwood Canyon, British Columbia (Canada) and Republic, Washington (U.S.A.) are treated in detail for the first time. At least six genera are present, one unnamed, three new, with at least 10 new species, six named:Protochrysa fuscobasalisn. sp. (McAbee) (Limaiinae, the youngest known record of the subfamily),Okanaganochrysa coltsunaen. gen. n. sp. (McAbee),Adamsochrysa asperan. gen. n. sp. (McAbee),A. wilsonin. gen. n. sp. (Republic),Archaeochrysa profractan. sp. (McAbee), andPseudochrysopa harveyin. gen. n. sp. (Driftwood Canyon) (all Nothochrysinae, the latter provisionally). The four unnamed species include one assigned toPseudochrysopa, two likely belonging toAdamsochrysa, and one of an unknown nothochrysine genus. Microtholi are detected on the abdominal sclerites ofAdamsochrysa wilsoni, and the spermatheca and spermathecal duct in the abdomen ofPseudochrysopa harveyi, the first reported occurrences of these preserved in fossil Chrysopidae. Structures were detected on the apical wing margins of some species that appear similar to trichosors, which are unknown in Chrysopidae, but are present in some other neuropteran families. This is the richest described assemblage of the family anywhere in the fossil record. Okanagan chrysopids were also morphologically and presumably ecologically diverse, including large species with rich venation and well as those with simplified venation and the smallest known fossil species. This is the oldest reported occurrence of the family in North America.

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