New Diversity among the Trochodendraceae from the Early/Middle Eocene Okanogan Highlands of British Columbia, Canada, and Northeastern Washington State, United States

2007 ◽  
Vol 168 (4) ◽  
pp. 521-532 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen B. Pigg ◽  
Richard M. Dillhoff ◽  
Melanie L. DeVore ◽  
Wesley C. Wehr
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
British Columbia ◽  
Middle Eocene ◽  
Washington State

New Nanaimo Group ammonites (Cretaceous, Santonian–Campanian) from British Columbia and Washington State

1989 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 218-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
James W. Haggart ◽  
Peter D. Ward
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
British Columbia ◽  
North Pacific ◽  
Washington State ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Pacific Region ◽  
The North ◽  
North Pacific Region ◽  
The North Pacific

The ammonite species Puzosia (Mesopuzosia) densicostata Matsumoto, Kitchinites (Neopuzosia) japonicus Spath, Anapachydiscus cf. A. nelchinensis Jones, Menuites cf. M. menu (Forbes), Submortoniceras chicoense (Trask), and Baculites cf. B. boulei Collignon are described from Santonian–Campanian strata of western Canada and northwestern United States. Stratigraphic occurrences and ranges of the species are summarized and those taxa important for correlation with other areas in the north Pacific region are noted.

Fossil biotas from the Okanagan Highlands, southern British Columbia and northeastern Washington State: climates and ecosystems across an Eocene landscape

2005 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
David R Greenwood ◽  
S Bruce Archibald ◽  
Rolf W Mathewes ◽  
Patrick T Moss
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
North American ◽  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Middle Eocene ◽  
Washington State ◽  
Leaf Margin ◽  
Forest Zone ◽  
Aquatic Fern ◽  
Equable Climate ◽  
Okanagan Highlands

The late Early to early Middle Eocene Okanagan Highlands fossil sites, spanning ~1000 km north–south (northeastern Washington State, southern British Columbia) provide an opportunity to reconstruct biotic communities across a broad upland landscape during the warmest part of the Cenozoic. Plant taxa from these fossil sites are characteristic of the modern eastern North American deciduous forest zone, principally the mixed mesophytic forest, but also include extinct taxa, taxa known only from eastern Asian mesothermal forests, and a small number of taxa restricted to the present-day North American west coast coniferous biome. In this preliminary report, paleoclimates and forest types are reconstructed using collections from Republic in Washington State, USA., and Princeton, Quilchena, Falkland, McAbee, Hat Creek, Horsefly, and Driftwood Canyon in British Columbia, Canada. Both leaf margin analysis (LMA) and quantitative bioclimatic analysis of identified nearest living relatives of megaflora indicated upper microthermal to lower mesothermal moist environments (MAT ~10–15 °C, CMMT > 0 °C, MAP > 100 cm/year). Some taxa common to most sites suggest cool conditions (e.g., Abies, other Pinaceae; Alnus, other Betulaceae). However, all floras contain a substantive broadleaf deciduous element (e.g., Fagaceae, Juglandaceae) and conifers (e.g., Metasequoia) with the bioclimatic analysis yielding slightly higher MAT than LMA. Thermophilic (principally mesothermal) taxa include various insects, the aquatic fern Azolla, palms, the banana relative Ensete, taxodiaceous conifers, Eucommia and Gordonia, taxa which may have occurred near their climatic limits. The mixture of thermophilic and temperate insect and plant taxa indicates low-temperature seasonality (i.e., highly equable climate).

Additions to the Eocene Perissodactyla of the Margaret Formation, Eureka Sound Group, Ellesmere Island, Arctic Canada

2015 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaelyn J. Eberle ◽  
David A. Eberth
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
British Columbia ◽  
Middle Eocene ◽  
The United States ◽  
Geographic Range ◽  
Ellesmere Island ◽  
Early Eocene ◽  
Arctic Canada ◽  
Fossil Assemblages ◽  
Freezing Temperatures

We describe early Eocene (Wasatchian) occurrences of the isectolophid Homogalax, tapiroids Heptodon posticus, Heptodon cf. H. posticus, and Heptodon sp., as well as early middle Eocene (Bridgerian) fossils of the brontothere Palaeosyops from localities in the Margaret Formation of the Eureka Sound Group on Ellesmere Island, Nunavut, Arctic Canada. Their occurrence on Ellesmere Island considerably extends the geographic range of these taxa, previously known from mid-latitude localities in British Columbia (only Heptodon), the Western Interior of the United States, and Asia (Homogalax, Heptodon, and Palaeosyops). We also place the fossil localities near Bay Fiord on central Ellesmere Island into a refined lithostratigraphic framework based upon data from three measured stratigraphic sections. Our stratigraphic data confirm the presence of two, stratigraphically distinct fossil assemblages — a late Wasatchian-aged lower assemblage and a Bridgerian-aged upper assemblage that were previously hypothesized by others based on faunal differences — that are separated by a 478 m thick stratigraphic gap that appears to lack fossil vertebrates. From a paleoenvironmental perspective, occurrence of the tapiroid Heptodon in the Eocene Arctic corroborates an hypothesis put forward by others that tapiroids are proxies for densely forested habitats, although they were adapted to a range of temperatures including near (or at) freezing temperatures of Eocene Arctic winters. Further, Arctic occurrences of tapiroids and brontotheres imply that these typical mid-latitude ungulate mammals were adapted to Arctic environments, thereby increasing the probability of Trans-Beringian dispersal during early and middle Eocene time.

Eocene Ginkgo leaf fossils from the Pacific Northwest

2002 ◽  
Vol 80 (10) ◽  
pp. 1078-1087 ◽  
Author(s):  
George E Mustoe
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Ginkgo Biloba ◽  
Middle Eocene ◽  
Washington State ◽  
North Central ◽  
Lacustrine Deposits ◽  
South Central ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Ginkgo Leaf

Middle Eocene lacustrine deposits in south-central British Columbia and north-central Washington state preserve two types of Ginkgo leaves. A morphotype characterized by deeply divided multiple lobes is herein described as Ginkgo dissecta sp.nov. Leaves that are either undivided or shallowly divided into bilobate symmetry are indistinguishable from foliage of extant Ginkgo biloba Linnaeus. These fossils contradict the widely held belief that only a single Ginkgo species, Ginkgo adiantoides (Unger) Heer, inhabited Cenozoic forests.Key words: British Columbia, Eocene, fossil, Ginkgo adiantoides, Ginkgo biloba, Ginkgo dissecta, McAbee, Republic, Tertiary, Washington.

New Dinopanorpidae (Insecta: Mecoptera) from the Eocene Okanagan Highlands (British Columbia, Canada and Washington State, USA)

2005 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Bruce Archibald
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Middle Eocene ◽  
Hind Wing ◽  
Washington State ◽  
Large Species ◽  
Far Eastern Russia ◽  
The Family ◽  
Okanagan Highlands ◽  
Far Eastern ◽  
Maritime Province

Six new species of the extinct family Dinopanorpidae (Mecoptera) are described in the new genus Dinokanaga gen. nov. from five Early (and early Middle?) Eocene Okanagan Highlands localities in British Columbia and Washington State. These are Dinokanaga hillsi sp. nov., D. wilsoni sp. nov., D. dowsonae sp. nov., D. andersoni sp. nov., D. sternbergi sp. nov., and D. webbi sp. nov. The family Dinopanorpidae is previously known only from a hind wing of Dinopanorpa megarche Cockerell, and an undescribed species of Dinopanorpa, both from the Paleogene of Primorye (Maritime Province) in Pacific coastal far-eastern Russia. The family includes mostly large species, with forewings up to 43 mm in length. Dinopanorpidae is particularly distinguished by a long R1 vein in both the fore- and hind wings, extending almost to the wing apex and bending posteriad distally. Their wings are mostly dark with light bands and spots; have many to extremely dense crossveins; and an expanded costal space in the basal quarter of the forewing, which is more developed in larger species. The rostrum is extended; the medigynium is without tongue-shaped structures.

First Reports of Vespa mandarinia (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) in North America Represent Two Separate Maternal Lineages in Washington State, United States, and British Columbia, Canada

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Telissa M Wilson ◽  
Junichi Takahashi ◽  
Sven-Erik Spichiger ◽  
Iksoo Kim ◽  
Paul van Westendorp
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
British Columbia ◽  
North America ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
The United States ◽  
Washington State ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Whatcom County ◽  
Future Direction

Abstract In September 2019, destruction of a Vespa mandarinia Smith 1852 nest was reported for the first time in North America in Nanaimo, British Columbia, Canada. In December 2019, the Washington State Department of Agriculture also confirmed the first detection of an adult specimen of V. mandarinia in the United States, in Whatcom County, Washington. Vespa mandarinia is the largest hornet species and is a known predator of several insects, including the European honey bee (Apis mellifera) (Hymenoptera: Apidae) (Linnaeus, 1758). The establishment of V. mandarinia in North America poses a serious threat to apiculture, and this species is considered an actionable quarantine pest. Here we report details of the first detection of this species in the United States and use genetic sequence data obtained from five specimens across the globe to estimate differences in origin of the Canadian and U.S. detections. The full mitochondrial genomes of four V. mandarinia specimens representing different geographic locations were sequenced and compared with an existing reference genome. A maximum likelihood tree using 13 protein-coding regions from mitochondrial DNA suggests that the Canada and U.S. specimens are from two separate maternal lineages. A large-scale survey is currently underway to assess the level of Asian giant hornet establishment in both countries and to determine the future direction of eradication efforts.

Insect fossils in middle Eocene deposits from British Columbia and Washington State: faunal diversity and geological range extensions

1996 ◽  
Vol 74 (6) ◽  
pp. 1140-1157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheila D. Douglas ◽  
Ruth A. Stockey
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
North America ◽  
New Records ◽  
Middle Eocene ◽  
Washington State ◽  
Fossil Insects ◽  
Geological Record ◽  
The World ◽  
Faunal Diversity ◽  
Insect Fossils

Fossil insects in the orders Coleoptera, Hymenoptera, Diptera, and Lepidoptera were examined from nine middle Eocene localities in British Columbia, Canada, and Washington State, U.S.A. Twenty-five taxa are described, with the majority classified into families. Specimens belonging to Bibionidae and Ichneumonidae were the most common. Almost half of the coleopteran specimens were isolated elytra and identification was not possible. Three of the insect families (Cantharidae, Arctiidae, Noctuidae) represent the earliest known occurrence of the taxa in the world geological record and seven families (Lucanidae, Cantharidae, Scoliidae, Pompilidae, Rhagionidae, Arctiidae, Noctuidae) are the earliest records in North America. Eleven of the families identified are new records for the middle Eocene of British Columbia – Washington State, bringing the diversity of fossil insects in the region to 28 families. Significant for the study of anthecology are new records for lepidopterans.

Regional and local vegetation community dynamics of the Eocene Okanagan Highlands (British Columbia – Washington State) from palynology

2005 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick T Moss ◽  
David R Greenwood ◽  
S Bruce Archibald
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Community Dynamics ◽  
Middle Eocene ◽  
Regional Distribution ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Washington State ◽  
Depositional Environments ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Palynological Analysis ◽  
Okanagan Highlands

Palynofloras from the middle Early to early Middle Eocene Okanagan Highlands (northern Washington State and southern British Columbia) are used to reconstruct vegetation across a broad upland Eocene landscape. In this preliminary report, forest floristic composition is reconstructed using palynological analysis of sediments from Republic, Washington; localities of the Allenby Formation in the Princeton region (Hospital Hill, One Mile Creek and Summers Creek Road), Hat Creek, McAbee, Falkland, Horsefly, and Driftwood Canyon, British Columbia. Wind-dispersed taxa were dominant in all samples, consistent with floras preserved in lacustrine and paludal depositional environments. Pseudolarix was dominant in five of the floras, but Abies (Falkland) or Ulmus (Republic Corner Lot site) were dominant in individual samples for some floras. Betulaceae were dominant for McAbee (Alnus) and Allenby Formation (Betula), matching megafloral data for these sites. Some taxa common to most sites suggest cool conditions (e.g., Abies, other Pinaceae; Alnus, other Betulaceae). However, all floras contained a substantive broad-leaved deciduous element (e.g., Fagaceae, Juglandaceae) and conifers (e.g., Metasequoia) indicative of mesothermal conditions. Palms were only abundant in the Hat Creek coal flora, with very low counts recorded for the Falkland, McAbee, and Allenby Formation sites, suggesting that they were rare in much of the landscape and likely restricted to specialized habitats. Thermophilic (principally mesothermal) taxa, including palms (five sites) and "taxodiaceous" conifers, may have occurred at their climatic limits. The limiting factor controlling the regional distribution of thermophilic flora, which include primarily wetlands taxa, may be either climatic or edaphic.

The Creation of a Regional Voice: The Care and Feeding of the Northwest Biosolids Management Association

2007 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Lono-Batura ◽  
D. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
British Columbia ◽  
Information Network ◽  
Sludge Management ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
Mass Audience ◽  
Management Association ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
Environmentally Sound ◽  
Sound Management

The biosolids producers in southwest Canada and the northwest United States have banded together to form a biosolids information network with the purpose of advancing the environmentally sound management of biosolids through education and information, regulations development and research and demonstration. This organization currently known as the Northwest Biosolids Management Association (NBMA) has grown from a gritty band of 14 sludge management visionaries to a fully incorporated non-profit association of over 200 members in both the private and public sectors. What spark ignited this conflagration of creativity? What calamity could possibly convince 200 relatively sober agencies to pony up a collective $200,000 American every year? What great cosmic bellows continues to force the airs of inspiration into the dry and desiccated souls of Biosolids managers across beautiful British Columbia and beyond? The answers lie in the modern day alchemy that is biosolids management. It is the inspiration gained from spinning gold out of something less aesthetically pleasing. It is the satisfaction in communicating to a mass audience the technical and counter intuitive science of residuals treatment. Creation and maintenance of a Biosolids information network is an essential tool in fostering the environmentally sound use of this extremely useful product.

Vegetative Growth of Eorhiza arnoldii Robison and Person from the Middle Eocene Princeton Chert Locality of British Columbia

1994 ◽  
Vol 155 (5) ◽  
pp. 606-616 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth A. Stockey ◽  
Kathleen B. Pigg
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Middle Eocene
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