Relationships between heterozygosity, allelic distance (d2), and reproductive traits in chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha

2002 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel D Heath ◽  
Colleen A Bryden ◽  
J Mark Shrimpton ◽  
George K Iwama ◽  
Joanne Kelly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
Gonadosomatic Index ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
Reproductive Fitness ◽  
Egg Survival ◽  
Allele Size ◽  
Multivariate Relationships

Correlations of various measures of individual genetic variation with fitness have been reported in a number of taxa; however, the genetic nature of such correlations remains uncertain. To explore this, we mated 100 male and 100 female chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in a one-to-one breeding design and quantified reproductive fitness and allocation (male gonadosomatic index, GSI; female fecundity; egg size; egg survival). Each fish was scored for allele size at seven microsatellite loci. We applied univariate and multivariate regression models incorporating two genetic variation statistics (microsatellite heterozygosity and squared allelic distance, d2) with reproductive parameters. The majority of the relationships were found to be nonsignificant; however, we found significant, positive, univariate relationships for fecundity and GSI (25% of tests) and significant, multivariate relationships at individual loci for all four traits (13% of tests). One microsatellite locus, Omy207, appeared to be closely associated with reproductive fitness in female chinook salmon (but not male), based on the multivariate analysis. Although direct tests for overdominance versus inbreeding effects proved inconclusive, our data are consistent with the presence of both inbreeding (general) and overdominance (local) effects on reproductive traits in chinook salmon.

scholarly journals The Relationship Between Digital Egg Coloration and Egg Survival in Landlocked Fall Chinook

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Holiday Robley ◽  
Michael E. Barnes
Keyword(s):  
South Dakota ◽  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Color Index ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
Egg Survival ◽  
A Value ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Egg Coloration

Digital color values were collected from the eggs of 128 spawns from individual landlocked fall Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha females from Lake Oahe, South Dakota, USA, in 2008, 2009, 2015 and 2016. For all spawns, the mean (SE) a* value, a measure of red-green chromaticness, was 10.99 (0.27), and ranged from 3.98 to 18.71. Mean (SE) b* (yellow-green) was 20.27 (0.32), and ranged from 9.28 to 28.50. Mean (SE) L* (white-black) was 20.73 (0.48), and ranged from 3.98 to 18.71. Egg total color index also showed considerable variation, with a mean (SE) of 23.05 (0.37) and range from 11.70 to 31.64. Egg survival to the eyed-stage was weakly, but significantly, correlated to b* (r = 0.206), L* (r = 0.185), Chroma (r = 0.211), and Entire Color Index (r = 0.211). Spawns with no egg survival had eggs with significantly lower a* values compared to spawns where at least some of the eggs survived to the eyed stage. L*, a*, b*, Chroma, and Entire Color Index varied significantly among the years, but Hue and egg survival to the eyed stage did not. The results of this study indicate a possible link between egg color and landlocked fall Chinook salmon egg survival, possibly due to differences in the diets of feral broodstock females or their ability to deposit bodily carotenoids in the developing eggs.

Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) — seabird covariation off central California and possible forecasting applications

2007 ◽  
Vol 64 (8) ◽  
pp. 1080-1090 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer E Roth ◽  
Kyra L Mills ◽  
William J Sydeman
Keyword(s):  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Breeding Success ◽  
Predictive Models ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Stepwise Regression ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
Central California ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
Ocean Conditions

We evaluated covariation between Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) abundance and seabird breeding success in central California, USA, and compared potential forecasts to predictive models based on jack (2-year-old male) returns in the previous year. Stepwise regression models based on seabird breeding success in the previous year were comparable to or stronger than jack-based models. Including seabird breeding success in the current year improved the strength of the relationships. Combined approaches that included seabird and jack data further improved the models in some cases. The relationships based on seabird breeding success remained relatively strong over both shorter (1990–2004) and longer (1976–2004) time periods. Regression models based on multivariate seabird or combined seabird–jack indices were not as strong as stepwise regression models. Our results indicate that there is significant covariation in the responses of salmon and seabirds to variability in ocean conditions and that seabird data may offer an alternate way of forecasting salmon abundance in central California.

Egg size, fecundity, and development rate of two introduced New Zealand chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) populations

1998 ◽  
Vol 55 (8) ◽  
pp. 1946-1953 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael T Kinnison ◽  
Martin J Unwin ◽  
William K Hershberger ◽  
Thomas P Quinn
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Egg Size ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
Gonadosomatic Index ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Egg Weight ◽  
Phenotypic Differences ◽  
Development Rates ◽  
Temperature Records

Interpopulation differences in several adult phenotypic traits suggest that New Zealand (NZ) chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) are evolving into distinct populations. To further investigate this hypothesis, we compared egg sizes, fecundities, and early development rates of chinook from two NZ streams. The two NZ study populations differed in size-adjusted egg weight and gonadosomatic index, but not in size-adjusted fecundity. Egg weight, fecundity, and gonadosomatic index values for both NZ populations were different than values for chinook from Battle Creek, California, the population regarded as the ancestral NZ stock. In contrast, there was little evidence of divergence in juvenile development. Time to hatching did not differ between the two NZ study populations and heritability estimates were small with large standard errors. Evidence of a small difference in alevin growth rate may have represented an effect of yolk conversion mechanics related to egg size. Despite the similarity in development rates under shared conditions, modeling based on temperature records suggests that emergence dates in the two NZ streams may differ by 4-6 weeks, yielding significant phenotypic differences.

scholarly journals Turbidity of Landlocked Fall Chinook Salmon Ovarian Fluid in Relation to Egg Survival

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick A. Nero ◽  
Michael E. Barnes ◽  
Matthew M. Wipf
Keyword(s):  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
Poor Survival ◽  
Ovarian Fluid ◽  
Egg Survival ◽  
Egg Development ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Potential Indicator

This study evaluated the use of ovarian fluid turbidity as a potential indicator of landlocked fall Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha egg survival. A total of 21 females were spawned, with nine of the spawns containing between one and ten broken eggs per spawn. Ovarian fluid turbidity ranged from 55.1 to 159 nephelometric turbidity units (NTU), and egg survival to the eyed-stage of egg development ranged from 0 to 68%. There was no significant correlation between ovarian fluid turbidity and egg survival. Mean survival of eggs from the spawns containing broken eggs was 12.3%, which was significantly lower than the 32.9% mean survival from spawns without broken eggs. These results indicate ovarian fluid turbidity cannot be used to predict egg survival in spawns of landlocked fall Chinook Salmon, but the presence of even a small number of broken eggs may be indicative of poor survival to the eyed-egg stage of development.

scholarly journals Landlocked Fall Chinook Salmon Egg Survival during Jar and Tray Incubation at a Production Hatchery

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew M. Wipf ◽  
Michael E. Barnes ◽  
Patrick A. Nero ◽  
Jill Voorhees
Keyword(s):  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
First Year ◽  
Egg Survival ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Salmon Eggs ◽  
Second Year

This study compared the survival of landlocked fall Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha eggs incubated in either upwelling jars, either with or without daily formalin treatments, or vertically-stacked trays treated daily with formalin in a production hatchery. In the first year of the study, survival to the eyed-egg stage was significantly greater in eggs incubated in jars without formalin compared to trays, but there was no significant difference in survival to hatch between the treatments. In the second year, there were no significant differences in eggs incubated in trays, in jars without formalin treatments, and in jars with formalin treatments. In the final year, there was no significant difference in eyed-egg survival between eggs incubated in trays and jars without formalin, but survival to hatch was significantly greater in the eggs incubated in jars. Jar incubation is recommended to maximize the survival of landlocked fall Chinook salmon eggs.

scholarly journals Landlocked Fall Chinook Salmon Maternal Liver and Egg Thiamine Levels in Relation to Reproductive Characteristics

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Doyle ◽  
Michael E. Barnes ◽  
Jeremy L. Kientz ◽  
Micheal H. Zehfus
Keyword(s):  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
Total Mortality ◽  
Thiamine Pyrophosphate ◽  
Female Size ◽  
Egg Survival ◽  
Rainbow Smelt ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Reproductive Characteristics ◽  
Salmon Eggs

Object: Landlocked fall Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha in Lake Oahe, South Dakota, typically experience poor reproductive success. Introduction: Salmon diets consist of rainbow smelt Osmerus mordax and other potentially thiaminase-containing fish that could impact reproduction. Methods: The thiamine levels of spawning female Salmon, eggs, and reproductive characteristics, were measured in 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, and 2005. Results: Thiamine concentrations varied significantly from year-to-year, with the highest mean values recorded in 2001 at 8.70 nmol/g in maternal livers and 28.80 nmol/g in eggs. Most of the thiamine in the eggs was present as free thiamine, while most of the thiamine in maternal livers was present as thiamine pyrophosphate. The lowest recorded egg total thiamine level was 2.75 nmol/g in 2000. Egg survival to hatch ranged from 20.7% in 2005 to 35.4% in 2002, and was not correlated to egg thiamine levels. Twenty-two spawns experienced total mortality prior to hatch, and had significantly lower egg free thiamine and total thiamine concentrations than eggs from the 77 successful spawns. The eggs from spawns with total mortality were also significantly smaller than those eggs from spawns that did survive, and were produced by females that weighed significantly less. Several small, but significant, correlations were observed between egg size and egg thiamine levels, and female size and liver thiamine. There was also a significant negative correlation between the number of eggs per spawning female and egg thiamine pyrophosphate, liver thiamine monophosphate, and liver total thiamine levels. Conclusion: In general, Lake Oahe Chinook Salmon eggs show little indication of thiamine deficiency in the years sampled, indicating other factors are likely responsible for poor egg survival.

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