scholarly journals Turbidity of Landlocked Fall Chinook Salmon Ovarian Fluid in Relation to Egg Survival

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick A. Nero ◽  
Michael E. Barnes ◽  
Matthew M. Wipf
Keyword(s):  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
Poor Survival ◽  
Ovarian Fluid ◽  
Egg Survival ◽  
Egg Development ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Potential Indicator

This study evaluated the use of ovarian fluid turbidity as a potential indicator of landlocked fall Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha egg survival. A total of 21 females were spawned, with nine of the spawns containing between one and ten broken eggs per spawn. Ovarian fluid turbidity ranged from 55.1 to 159 nephelometric turbidity units (NTU), and egg survival to the eyed-stage of egg development ranged from 0 to 68%. There was no significant correlation between ovarian fluid turbidity and egg survival. Mean survival of eggs from the spawns containing broken eggs was 12.3%, which was significantly lower than the 32.9% mean survival from spawns without broken eggs. These results indicate ovarian fluid turbidity cannot be used to predict egg survival in spawns of landlocked fall Chinook Salmon, but the presence of even a small number of broken eggs may be indicative of poor survival to the eyed-egg stage of development.

scholarly journals The Relationship Between Digital Egg Coloration and Egg Survival in Landlocked Fall Chinook

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Holiday Robley ◽  
Michael E. Barnes
Keyword(s):  
South Dakota ◽  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Color Index ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
Egg Survival ◽  
A Value ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Egg Coloration

Digital color values were collected from the eggs of 128 spawns from individual landlocked fall Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha females from Lake Oahe, South Dakota, USA, in 2008, 2009, 2015 and 2016. For all spawns, the mean (SE) a* value, a measure of red-green chromaticness, was 10.99 (0.27), and ranged from 3.98 to 18.71. Mean (SE) b* (yellow-green) was 20.27 (0.32), and ranged from 9.28 to 28.50. Mean (SE) L* (white-black) was 20.73 (0.48), and ranged from 3.98 to 18.71. Egg total color index also showed considerable variation, with a mean (SE) of 23.05 (0.37) and range from 11.70 to 31.64. Egg survival to the eyed-stage was weakly, but significantly, correlated to b* (r = 0.206), L* (r = 0.185), Chroma (r = 0.211), and Entire Color Index (r = 0.211). Spawns with no egg survival had eggs with significantly lower a* values compared to spawns where at least some of the eggs survived to the eyed stage. L*, a*, b*, Chroma, and Entire Color Index varied significantly among the years, but Hue and egg survival to the eyed stage did not. The results of this study indicate a possible link between egg color and landlocked fall Chinook salmon egg survival, possibly due to differences in the diets of feral broodstock females or their ability to deposit bodily carotenoids in the developing eggs.

scholarly journals Delineating the roles of males and females in sperm competition

2013 ◽  
Vol 280 (1772) ◽  
pp. 20132047 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan P. Evans ◽  
Patrice Rosengrave ◽  
Clelia Gasparini ◽  
Neil J. Gemmell
Keyword(s):  
Sperm Competition ◽  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Competitive Ability ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
Fertilization Success ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Swimming Velocity ◽  
Ovarian Fluid ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Paternity Success

Disentangling the relative roles of males, females and their interactive effects on competitive fertilization success remains a challenge in sperm competition. In this study, we apply a novel experimental framework to an ideally suited externally fertilizing model system in order to delineate these roles. We focus on the chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha , a species in which ovarian fluid (OF) has been implicated as a potential arbiter of cryptic female choice for genetically compatible mates. We evaluated this predicted sexually selected function of OF using a series of factorial competitive fertilization trials. Our design involved a series of 10 factorial crosses, each involving two ‘focal’ rival males whose sperm competed against those from a single ‘standardized’ (non-focal) rival for a genetically uniform set of eggs in the presence of OF from two focal females. This design enabled us to attribute variation in competitive fertilization success among focal males, females (OF) and their interacting effects, while controlling for variation attributable to differences in the sperm competitive ability of rival males, and male-by-female genotypic interactions. Using this experimental framework, we found that variation in sperm competitiveness could be attributed exclusively to differences in the sperm competitive ability of focal males, a conclusion supported by subsequent analyses revealing that variation in sperm swimming velocity predicts paternity success. Together, these findings provide evidence that variation in paternity success can be attributed to intrinsic differences in the sperm competitive ability of rival males, and reveal that sperm swimming velocity is a key target of sexual selection.

scholarly journals Male–female relatedness at specific SNP-linkage groups influences cryptic female choice in Chinook salmon ( Oncorhynchus tshawytscha )

2017 ◽  
Vol 284 (1859) ◽  
pp. 20170853 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cornelia Geßner ◽  
Sheri L. Johnson ◽  
Paul Fisher ◽  
Shannon Clarke ◽  
Kim Rutherford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Female Choice ◽  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
Fertilization Success ◽  
Cryptic Female Choice ◽  
Linkage Groups ◽  
Sperm Velocity ◽  
Ovarian Fluid ◽  
The Impact

In a range of taxa, the relatedness between mates influences both pre- and post-mating processes of sexual selection. However, relatively little is known about the genetic loci facilitating such a bias, with the exception of the major histocompatibility complex. Here, we performed tightly controlled replicated in vitro fertilization trials to explore the impact of relatedness on two possible mechanisms of cryptic female choice (CFC) in Chinook salmon ( Oncorhynchus tshawytscha ). We tested (i) whether relatedness of mates, assessed using 682 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on 29 SNP-linkage groups (LGs), biases a male's sperm velocity in ovarian fluid (a parameter previously shown to predict male fertilization success), and (ii) whether relatedness of mates governs fertilization success via other mechanisms, probably via sperm–egg interactions. We found that relatedness on three LGs explained the variation in sperm velocity, and relatedness on two LGs explained fertilization success, which might indicate the presence of genes important in sperm–ovarian fluid and sperm–egg interactions in these genomic regions. Mapping of the SNPs on these LGs to the rainbow trout genome revealed two genes that affect fertility in humans and represent candidate genes for further studies. Our results thereby provide a novel contribution to the understanding of the mechanism of CFC.

Sperm traits in Chinook salmon depend upon activation medium: implications for studies of sperm competition in fishes

2009 ◽  
Vol 87 (10) ◽  
pp. 920-927 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Rosengrave ◽  
R. Montgomerie ◽  
V. J. Metcalf ◽  
K. McBride ◽  
N. J. Gemmell
Keyword(s):  
Sperm Competition ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Swimming Speed ◽  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Ovarian Fluid ◽  
Sperm Swimming Speed ◽  
Sperm Traits

Sperm traits of externally fertilizing fish species are typically measured in fresh (or salt) water, even though the spawning environment of their ova contains ovarian fluid. In this study, we measured sperm traits of Chinook salmon ( Oncorhynchus tshawytscha (Walbaum in Artedi, 1792)) in both fresh water and dilute ovarian fluid at 10 and 20 s postactivation, using a computer-assisted sperm analysis system. Spermatozoa swam faster, and had both higher percent motility and a straighter path trajectory for a longer period of forward motility when activated in ovarian fluid compared with activation in fresh water. Comparing sperm activity of 10 males in water versus ovarian fluid, we found a weak but significant correlation for sperm swimming speed at 10 s postactivation (r = 0.34, p = 0.01), but not for any other sperm traits measured. Most important, across males, mean sperm swimming speed in water accounted for <10% of the observed variation in mean sperm swimming speed in ovarian fluid. Thus, we argue that sperm traits measured in fresh water are not particularly relevant to those same traits during normal spawning in this species. We suggest that sperm performance measured in fresh water should be used with caution when comparing the potential for individual males to fertilize ova, especially in studies of sperm competition in externally fertilizing species.

Effects of pH on the early development and growth and otolith microstructure of chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. H. Geen ◽  
J. D. Neilson ◽  
M. Bradford
Keyword(s):  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
Growth Increment ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Acidic Water ◽  
Daily Growth ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Growth Increments ◽  
Effects Of Ph ◽  
Daily Growth Increment

Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) eggs, alevins, and fry were reared in pH 4.5, 5.0. 5.5, 6.2 (control), and 7.0 water from the eyed stage of development. Survival through hatching was >90% in all instances. Alevin mortality was high at pH 4.5 and 5.0. Fry were more tolerant of low pH than alevins. Growth rates of alevins and fry held at or above pH 5.0 and 4.5, respectively, were not affected by pH, nor did exposure to acidic water retard otolith development or result in their resorption. One otolith daily growth increment was formed every 24 h in alevins and fry irrespective of pH. Widths of otolith daily growth increments decreased when fry were transferred to pH 4.5 water and increased on their return to higher pH indicating changes in growth rate. Transfer of fry from pH 6.2 to pH 5.0 or 5.5 had no effect on increment widths.

Fry-to-adult survival of natural and hatchery-produced chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) from a common origin

1997 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 1246-1254 ◽  
Author(s):  
M J Unwin
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Adult Survival ◽  
Poor Survival ◽  
Stock Size ◽  
Hatchery Fish ◽  
Stock Recruitment

Fry-to-adult survival rates for chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) from Glenariffe Stream, a tributary of the Rakaia River, New Zealand, were estimated for fish of both natural and hatchery origin. Survival of naturally produced fry, most of which leave Glenariffe Stream within 24 h of emergence, averaged 0.079% (range 0.013-1.17%). For hatchery fish released at 8-12 months, standardised to a mean weight of 38 g, survival covaried with weight at release consistently across all brood years and averaged 0.34% (range 0.008-3.28%). Survival rates for hatchery fish were four times higher than for naturally produced fry, but were extremely poor relative to their size at release. Survival rates for fish of natural and hatchery origin were positively correlated, suggesting that recruitment of both stocks is primarily controlled by common influences within the marine environment, probably during the first winter at sea. Stock-recruitment analysis for the natural population showed little tendency for recruitment to increase with stock size, suggesting that marine survival rates may be density dependent. Although the reasons for the relatively poor survival of hatchery fish are unclear, the results provide a case study in which hatchery fish appear to have a poorer ``fitness to survive'' than their natural counterparts.

A Survey of Bacteria in the Ovarian Fluid of Landlocked Fall Chinook Salmon and their Relationship with Egg Survival

2010 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 314-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael E. Barnes ◽  
David Bergmann ◽  
Rebekah L. Kelley ◽  
Rick J. Cordes ◽  
Patrick A. Nero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Ovarian Fluid ◽  
Egg Survival

Effect of Temperature on Initial Feeding in Alevins of Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha)

1982 ◽  
Vol 39 (12) ◽  
pp. 1554-1562 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. A. Heming ◽  
J. E. McInerney ◽  
D. F. Alderdice
Keyword(s):  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
Food Presentation ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Mature Stage ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Fish Size ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Active Feeding ◽  
Feeding Zone

Growth and survival of chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) during the transition to active feeding were examined in relation to the timing of initial food presentation at 6, 8, 10, and 12 °C. The transition to active feeding in these salmon involved a period of "precocious feeding" during which ingestion of food had no effect on fish size, growth rate, or survival. Initial utilization of food for growth and survival did not coincide with any specific stage of development, but rather it occurred earlier and at a less mature stage of development at higher temperatures. Delays in initial food presentation beyond this point reduced fish size and survival. Temperature and the timing of initial food presentation interacted to create a zone of optimum feeding. Biomass production was maximized when alevins began to feed within this zone, independent of the precise time of initial food presentation or temperature. This optimum feeding zone existed at temperatures below 12 °C, between 905 thermal units (tu) postfertilization and a point (F, tu) which varied with temperature (T, °C) as F = 1201.1 − 20.3 T.Key words: temperature, initial feeding, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, fish culture

scholarly journals Landlocked Fall Chinook Salmon Egg Survival during Jar and Tray Incubation at a Production Hatchery

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew M. Wipf ◽  
Michael E. Barnes ◽  
Patrick A. Nero ◽  
Jill Voorhees
Keyword(s):  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
First Year ◽  
Egg Survival ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Salmon Eggs ◽  
Second Year

This study compared the survival of landlocked fall Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha eggs incubated in either upwelling jars, either with or without daily formalin treatments, or vertically-stacked trays treated daily with formalin in a production hatchery. In the first year of the study, survival to the eyed-egg stage was significantly greater in eggs incubated in jars without formalin compared to trays, but there was no significant difference in survival to hatch between the treatments. In the second year, there were no significant differences in eggs incubated in trays, in jars without formalin treatments, and in jars with formalin treatments. In the final year, there was no significant difference in eyed-egg survival between eggs incubated in trays and jars without formalin, but survival to hatch was significantly greater in the eggs incubated in jars. Jar incubation is recommended to maximize the survival of landlocked fall Chinook salmon eggs.

scholarly journals Landlocked Fall Chinook Salmon Maternal Liver and Egg Thiamine Levels in Relation to Reproductive Characteristics

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Doyle ◽  
Michael E. Barnes ◽  
Jeremy L. Kientz ◽  
Micheal H. Zehfus
Keyword(s):  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
Total Mortality ◽  
Thiamine Pyrophosphate ◽  
Female Size ◽  
Egg Survival ◽  
Rainbow Smelt ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Reproductive Characteristics ◽  
Salmon Eggs

Object: Landlocked fall Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha in Lake Oahe, South Dakota, typically experience poor reproductive success. Introduction: Salmon diets consist of rainbow smelt Osmerus mordax and other potentially thiaminase-containing fish that could impact reproduction. Methods: The thiamine levels of spawning female Salmon, eggs, and reproductive characteristics, were measured in 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, and 2005. Results: Thiamine concentrations varied significantly from year-to-year, with the highest mean values recorded in 2001 at 8.70 nmol/g in maternal livers and 28.80 nmol/g in eggs. Most of the thiamine in the eggs was present as free thiamine, while most of the thiamine in maternal livers was present as thiamine pyrophosphate. The lowest recorded egg total thiamine level was 2.75 nmol/g in 2000. Egg survival to hatch ranged from 20.7% in 2005 to 35.4% in 2002, and was not correlated to egg thiamine levels. Twenty-two spawns experienced total mortality prior to hatch, and had significantly lower egg free thiamine and total thiamine concentrations than eggs from the 77 successful spawns. The eggs from spawns with total mortality were also significantly smaller than those eggs from spawns that did survive, and were produced by females that weighed significantly less. Several small, but significant, correlations were observed between egg size and egg thiamine levels, and female size and liver thiamine. There was also a significant negative correlation between the number of eggs per spawning female and egg thiamine pyrophosphate, liver thiamine monophosphate, and liver total thiamine levels. Conclusion: In general, Lake Oahe Chinook Salmon eggs show little indication of thiamine deficiency in the years sampled, indicating other factors are likely responsible for poor egg survival.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document