Does climate during embryonic development influence parr growth and age of seaward migration in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)?

2005 ◽  
Vol 62 (11) ◽  
pp. 2502-2508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina Jonsson ◽  
Bror Jonsson ◽  
Lars Petter Hansen
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
Early Development ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
First Year ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
One Year ◽  
First Year Of Life

Climatic conditions experienced by Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in their early development appear to affect parr size at the end of the first growth season and age at emigration from the nursery river. North Atlantic Oscillation indices (NAOIs) correlated positively with water temperature (degree-days) and discharge in the River Imsa during winter (January–April) 1976–2002, indicating a significant oceanic influence on the winter conditions in the river. Specific growth rate of Atlantic salmon parr during the first year of life and the proportion of one-year-old smolts correlated positively with water temperature, flow, and NAOI during February–April during the winter of egg incubation, but only NAOI was significant when cross-correlating the two series using a time difference of 1 year. Water temperature correlated significantly with the proportion of salmon cohorts smolting and migrating to sea at age-1. Such long-term effects of climate during early development may be more important than generally recognized.

Estimated Escapement of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) for Maximum Smolt Production in Rivers of Different Productivity

1979 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 132-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip E. K. Symons
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Fishery Management ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
Egg Deposition ◽  
Average Maximum ◽  
Game Fish ◽  
Space Requirements

Smolt production at different egg deposition densities is estimated from data on survival rates and space requirements of juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) reported in the literature. Average maximum production of smolts is estimated to be approximately 5/100 m2 for 2+ smolts, 2/100 m2 for 3+ smolts, and 1/100 m2 for 4+ smolts. Minimum egg depositions recommended for production of these numbers of smolts are 220/100 m2, 165–220/100 m2, and 80/100 m2 for each age of smolts, respectively. The escapement of adults required to produce these depositions must be estimated from observed average weights of returning females and a reported fecundity of Atlantic salmon between 1650 and 1760 eggs/kg of female. With the exception of Ungava rivers, average smolt age in any particular river can be estimated from the number of days per year on which water temperature reaches or exceeds 7 °C. Key words: fishery resources, fishery management, production (biological), escapement, survival, game fish, freshwater fish, rivers

Changes in smolt traits of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar Linnaeus, 1758) and linkages to parr density and water temperature

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 832-839 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Jokikokko ◽  
E. Jutila ◽  
I. Kallio-Nyberg
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar

Initial feeding time of Atlantic salmon,Salmo salar, alevins compared to river flow and water temperature in Norwegian streams

1991 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 379-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arne Johan Jensen ◽  
Bjørn Ove Johnsen ◽  
Tor G. Heggberget
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
River Flow ◽  
Feeding Time ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar

Manipulation of Reproductive Function in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) Kelts with Controlled Photoperiod and Temperature

1992 ◽  
Vol 49 (10) ◽  
pp. 2055-2061 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. E. Johnston ◽  
M. J. Hambrook ◽  
R. W. Gray ◽  
K. G. Davidson
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Spring Water ◽  
Egg Development ◽  
Lower Survival ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
Photoperiod Regime

Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) kelts exposed to a regime of two 6-mo seasonally accelerated light increases and decreases (2CP) in 1989 spawned in the spring of 1990 when water temperatures were above 7 °C during the winter months. Kelts exposed to water temperatures below 4 °C during the same period failed to spawn in the spring. Exposure of the nonspawning 2CP kelts to warmer water temperatures in the summer of 1990 stimulated egg development and ovulation by 17 October 1990. Kelts exposed to a simulated natural 12-mo photoperiod regime also spawned at this time. Eggs and sperm from kelts spawned in the spring were viable. Spring-spawned eggs fertilized with fresh sperm had lower survival levels to the eyed-egg stage or to hatch than did eggs from wild fall-spawned stocks. Kelts entrained to spawn in the spring with 2CP photocycles were manipulated to spawn again in the spring of the next year following exposure to a time-shifted photoperiod and elevated winter/spring water temperature.

scholarly journals Low Oxygen Stress During Early Development Influences Regulation of Hypoxia-Response Genes in Farmed Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar)

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 3179-3188
Author(s):  
Tara Kelly ◽  
Hanne Johnsen ◽  
Erik Burgerhout ◽  
Helge Tveiten ◽  
Tina Thesslund ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Early Development ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Hypoxia Inducible Factor ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Hypoxia Response ◽  
Oxygen Levels ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
Natural Streams ◽  
Farmed Atlantic Salmon

Abstract Survival and growth of developing salmonids are negatively affected by low oxygen levels within gravel nests in natural streams, and hypoxic stress is often experienced by farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) within hatcheries. Exposure to hypoxia during early development may have long-lasting effects by altering epigenetic marks and gene expression in oxygen regulatory pathways. Here, we examine the transcriptomic response to low dissolved oxygen (DO) in post-hatch salmon reared continuously in 30%, 60% or 100% DO from fertilization until start of feeding. RNA sequencing revealed multiple differentially expressed genes, including oxygen transporting hemoglobin embryonic α subunit (hbae) and EGLN3 family hypoxia-inducible factor 3 (egln3) which regulates the stability of hypoxia inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α). Both hbae and egln3 displayed expression levels inversely correlated to oxygen concentration, and DNA methylation patterns within the egln3 promoter were negatively associated with the transcript levels. These results suggest that epigenetic processes are influenced by low oxygen levels during early development in Atlantic salmon to upregulate hypoxia-response genes.

scholarly journals Digestibility ofCalanus finmarchicuswax esters in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) freshwater presmolts and seawater postsmolts maintained at constant water temperature

2009 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 459-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. OXLEY ◽  
A.S. BOGEVIK ◽  
R.J. HENDERSON ◽  
R. WAAGBø ◽  
D.R. TOCHER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar
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