How different is different? Defining management and conservation units for a problematic exploited species

2009 ◽  
Vol 66 (9) ◽  
pp. 1617-1630 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea M. Bernard ◽  
Moira M. Ferguson ◽  
David L.G. Noakes ◽  
Bruce J. Morrison ◽  
Chris C. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Fishery Management ◽  
Lake Ontario ◽  
Evolutionary Significance ◽  
Lake Whitefish ◽  
Conservation Units ◽  
Phylogenetic Groups ◽  
Spawning Aggregations ◽  
The Status ◽  
Lake Simcoe

Discontinuous genetic structure is widely used to delineate local, regional, and phylogenetic groups within species for conservation and management purposes. We used microsatellite markers to assess the genetic distinctiveness of putative stocks and populations of lake whitefish ( Coregonus clupeaformis ) in Ontario waters. Analysis of spawning aggregations in eastern Lake Ontario showed fish from Chaumont Bay, New York, to be weakly differentiated from spawning whitefish in and near the Bay of Quinte, Ontario. No significant differences were found between lake- and bay-spawning aggregations within the Bay of Quinte. These same genetic tools were used to test the distinctiveness and evolutionary significance of Lake Simcoe lake whitefish as a designatable unit (DU) under guidelines established by the Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada (COSEWIC). Although there was marked differentiation among populations from across Ontario, the Lake Simcoe population was closely allied with lake whitefish populations from Lake Ontario and Lake Huron, suggesting that a distinct status is not warranted on genetic grounds. This work demonstrates how assessing hierarchical diversity under COSEWIC’s framework can provide key information of the status of exploited populations for fishery management.

scholarly journals Sustainable exploitation of temperate fish stocks

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 124-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henrik Sparholt ◽  
Robin M. Cook
Keyword(s):  
Species Interactions ◽  
Fishery Management ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Fishing Effort ◽  
Theoretical Concept ◽  
Maximum Sustainable Yield ◽  
Production Model ◽  
The Status ◽  
Long Time

The theory of maximum sustainable yield (MSY) underpins many fishery management regimes and is applied principally as a single species concept. Using a simple dynamic biomass production model we show that MSY can be identified from a long time series of multi-stock data at a regional scale in the presence of species interactions and environmental change. It suggests that MSY is robust and calculable in a multispecies environment, offering a realistic reference point for fishery management. Furthermore, the demonstration of the existence of MSY shows that it is more than a purely theoretical concept. There has been an improvement in the status of stocks in the Northeast Atlantic, but our analysis suggests further reductions in fishing effort would improve long-term yields.

scholarly journals Effect of Thiamine Status on Probability of Lake Ontario Chinook Salmon Spawning in the Upper or Lower Sections of Salmon River, New York

2009 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 895-902 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. George Ketola ◽  
James H. Johnson ◽  
Jacques Rinchard ◽  
Francis J. Verdoliva ◽  
Mary E. Penney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Lake Ontario ◽  
Salmon River

scholarly journals Subglacial water-sheet floods, drumlins and ice-sheet lobes

1999 ◽  
Vol 45 (150) ◽  
pp. 201-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.M. Shoemaker
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Lake Michigan ◽  
New York State ◽  
Ice Sheet ◽  
Lake Ontario ◽  
High Water ◽  
Green Bay ◽  
Subglacial Lake ◽  
Western Lake ◽  
Subglacial Lakes

AbstractThe effect of subglacial lakes upon ice-sheet topography and the velocity patterns of subglacial water-sheet floods is investigated. A subglacial lake in the combined Michigan–Green Bay basin, Great Lakes, North America, leads to: (1) an ice-sheet lobe in the lee of Lake Michigan; (2) a change in orientations of flood velocities across the site of a supraglacial trough aligned closely with Green Bay, in agreement with drumlin orientations; (3) low water velocities in the lee of Lake Michigan where drumlins are absent; and (4) drumlinization occurring in regions of predicted high water velocities. The extraordinary divergence of drumlin orientations near Lake Ontario is explained by the presence of subglacial lakes in the Ontario and Erie basins, along with ice-sheet displacements of up to 30 km in eastern Lake Ontario. The megagrooves on the islands in western Lake Erie are likely to be the product of the late stage of a water-sheet flood when outflow from eastern Lake Ontario was dammed by displaced ice and instead flowed westward along the Erie basin. The Finger Lakes of northern New York state, northeastern U.S.A., occur in a region of likely ice-sheet grounding where water sheets became channelized. Green Bay and Grand Traverse Bay are probably the products of erosion along paths of strongly convergent water-sheet flow.

scholarly journals Improved Detection Using Negative Elevation Angles for Mountaintop WSR-88Ds. Part III: Simulations of Shallow Convective Activity over and around Lake Ontario

2007 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 839-852 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodger A. Brown ◽  
Thomas A. Niziol ◽  
Norman R. Donaldson ◽  
Paul I. Joe ◽  
Vincent T. Wood
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Flow Direction ◽  
New York State ◽  
Lake Ontario ◽  
Heavy Snowfall ◽  
Land Area ◽  
Lake Effect ◽  
Northern Side ◽  
Low Altitude ◽  
The Difference

Abstract During the winter, lake-effect snowstorms that form over Lake Ontario represent a significant weather hazard for the populace around the lake. These storms, which typically are only 2 km deep, frequently can produce narrow swaths (20–50 km wide) of heavy snowfall (2–5 cm h−1 or more) that extend 50–75 km inland over populated areas. Subtle changes in the low-altitude flow direction can mean the difference between accumulations that last for 1–2 h and accumulations that last 24 h or more at a given location. Therefore, it is vital that radars surrounding the lake are able to detect the presence and strength of these shallow storms. Starting in 2002, the Canadian operational radars on the northern side of the lake at King City, Ontario, and Franktown, Ontario, began using elevation angles of as low as −0.1° and 0.0°, respectively, during the winter to more accurately estimate snowfall rates at the surface. Meanwhile, Weather Surveillance Radars-1988 Doppler in New York State on the southern and eastern sides of the lake—Buffalo (KBUF), Binghamton (KBGM), and Montague (KTYX)—all operate at 0.5° and above. KTYX is located on a plateau that overlooks the lake from the east at a height of 0.5 km. With its upward-pointing radar beams, KTYX’s detection of shallow lake-effect snowstorms is limited to the eastern quarter of the lake and surrounding terrain. The purpose of this paper is to show—through simulations—the dramatic increase in snowstorm coverage that would be possible if KTYX were able to scan downward toward the lake’s surface. Furthermore, if KBUF and KBGM were to scan as low as 0.2°, detection of at least the upper portions of lake-effect storms over Lake Ontario and all of the surrounding land area by the five radars would be complete. Overlake coverage in the lower half (0–1 km) of the typical lake-effect snowstorm would increase from about 40% to about 85%, resulting in better estimates of snowfall rates in landfalling snowbands over a much broader area.

Opening Up the Classroom Closet: Responding to the Educational Needs of Gay and Lesbian Youth

1989 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 444-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Rofes
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
Educational Needs ◽  
Gay And Lesbian ◽  
Gay Community ◽  
Lesbian Youth ◽  
Gay And Lesbian Youth ◽  
The Status ◽  
Opening Up

Eric Rofes, gay community activist and author, explores the issues surrounding the schools'failure to meet the educational needs of gay and lesbian youth. He argues that there has been an across-the-board denial of the existence of gay and lesbian youth, and that this has taken place because "their voices have been silenced and because adults have not effectively taken up their cause." Rofes goes on to present some promising initiatives that are designed to change the status quo: Project 10 in Los Angeles and the Harvey Milk School in New York City. He concludes by proposing needed changes in U. S. schools if they are to become truly accessible to gay and lesbian youth.

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