Seasonal Fluctuations in the Selected Temperature of Speckled Trout, Salvelinus fontinalis (Mitchill)

1953 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 187-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte M. Sullivan ◽  
Kenneth C. Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Change ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
Acclimation Temperature ◽  
Horizontal Gradient ◽  
Seasonal Fluctuations

The selected temperature of two- to three-inch trout (Salvelinus fontinalis, Mitchill) was determined in a horizontal gradient a number of times during the months of November, December, January, February and March. The data, which were collected over four years, indicated that during the early part of winter (November, December and January), there was a fall of the selected temperature which paralleled in a general way a gradual fall of the acclimation temperature. The consistency of this parallelism was so poor, however, as to suggest that at least part of the change in selected temperature was relatively independent of the change in acclimation temperature. During the later part of the winter (February and March) there was a rise of the selected temperature which occurred regularly, regardless of whether the acclimation temperature rose, fell or remained constant. It is concluded that there was, for these animals, a seasonal change of the selected temperature which was distinct from the changes in selected temperature brought about by changes of the acclimation temperature.

Thermal Acclimation and Temperature Selection in Atlantic Salmon, Salmo salar, and Rainbow Trout, S. gairdneri

1967 ◽  
Vol 24 (7) ◽  
pp. 1507-1513 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Yaqub Javaid ◽  
John M. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Thermal Acclimation ◽  
Acclimation Temperature ◽  
Horizontal Gradient ◽  
Temperature Selection ◽  
Marked Influence ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar

The selected temperature for Atlantic salmon and rainbow trout, as determined in a horizontal gradient, increases with acclimation temperature over the acclimation range 5–20 C for salmon and 10–20 C for trout. The final preferendum for salmon is about 17 C. The results for rainbow trout suggest that the type of gradient used, i.e. vertical or horizontal, has a marked influence on the experimentally determined relation between acclimation temperature and selected temperature.

scholarly journals Molecular and physiological responses predict acclimation limits in juvenile brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis)

2021 ◽  
Vol 224 (16) ◽  
Author(s):  
Theresa E. Mackey ◽  
Caleb T. Hasler ◽  
Travis Durhack ◽  
Jennifer D. Jeffrey ◽  
Camille J. Macnaughton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Shock ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Brook Trout ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
Acute Stress ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Heat Shock Protein 90 ◽  
Acclimation Temperature ◽  
Muscle Lactate ◽  
Air Exposure

ABSTRACT Understanding the resilience of ectotherms to high temperatures is essential because of the influence of climate change on aquatic ecosystems. The ability of species to acclimate to high temperatures may determine whether populations can persist in their native ranges. We examined physiological and molecular responses of juvenile brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) to six acclimation temperatures (5, 10, 15, 20, 23 and 25°C) that span the thermal distribution of the species to predict acclimation limits. Brook trout exhibited an upregulation of stress-related mRNA transcripts (heat shock protein 90-beta, heat shock cognate 71 kDa protein, glutathione peroxidase 1) and downregulation of transcription factors and osmoregulation-related transcripts (nuclear protein 1, Na+/K+/2Cl− co-transporter-1-a) at temperatures ≥20°C. We then examined the effects of acclimation temperature on metabolic rate (MR) and physiological parameters in fish exposed to an acute exhaustive exercise and air exposure stress. Fish acclimated to temperatures ≥20°C exhibited elevated plasma cortisol and glucose, and muscle lactate after exposure to the acute stress. Fish exhibited longer MR recovery times at 15 and 20°C compared with the 5 and 10°C groups; however, cortisol levels remained elevated at temperatures ≥20°C after 24 h. Oxygen consumption in fish acclimated to 23°C recovered quickest after exposure to acute stress. Standard MR was highest and factorial aerobic scope was lowest for fish held at temperatures ≥20°C. Our findings demonstrate how molecular and physiological responses predict acclimation limits in a freshwater fish as the brook trout in the present study had a limited ability to acclimate to temperatures beyond 20°C.

scholarly journals Molecular and physiological responses predict acclimation limits in juvenile brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theresa E. Mackey ◽  
Caleb T. Hasler ◽  
Travis Durhack ◽  
Jennifer D. Jeffrey ◽  
Camille J. Macnaughton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Shock ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Brook Trout ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
Transcript Abundance ◽  
Acclimation Temperature ◽  
Temperature Threshold ◽  
Plasma Parameters ◽  
Muscle Lactate ◽  
Air Exposure

AbstractBrook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) populations are at risk of exposure to high water temperatures in the species’ native range in eastern North America. We quantified the physiological and molecular responses of juvenile brook trout to six acclimation temperatures that span the thermal distribution of the species (5, 10, 15, 20, 23, and 25°C). Using quantitative PCR (qPCR), we measured the mRNA transcript abundance of temperature-induced cellular stress genes to identify a potential sub-lethal temperature threshold for brook trout between 20–23°C. Brook trout exhibited an upregulation of stress-related genes (heat shock protein 90-beta; heat shock cognate 71 kDa protein; glutathione peroxidase 1) and a downregulation of transcription factors and osmoregulation-related genes (Na+/K+/2Cl− co-transporter-1-a; nuclear protein 1) at temperatures ≥20°C. We also used respirometry to assess the effects of the acclimation temperatures on oxygen consumption. Standard metabolic rate results indicated that energy expenditure was higher at temperatures ≥20°C. We then examined the effects of acclimation temperature on metabolic rate and blood plasma parameters in fish exposed to an acute exhaustive exercise and air exposure stress. Fish acclimated to temperatures ≥20°C exhibited elevated levels of plasma cortisol, muscle lactate, and plasma glucose after exposure to the acute stressors. After 24 h of recovery, fish showed longer metabolic recovery times at 15 and 20°C and cortisol levels remaining elevated at temperatures ≥20°C. Our findings suggest that brook trout may have a limited ability to acclimate to temperatures >20°C and increases in temperatures beyond 20°C may impact brook trout populations.

The influence of temperature on histological and radiochemical measurements of thyroid activity in the eastern brook trout, Salvelinus fontinalis Mitchell

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. E. Drury ◽  
J. G. Eales
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cell ◽  
Brook Trout ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
Acclimation Temperature ◽  
Thyroid Follicle ◽  
Thyroid Activity ◽  
Cell Height ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Influence Of Temperature On ◽  
T Values

Histological and radiochemical techniques for assessing thyroid activity were compared on yearling brook trout acclimated at 5, 12, and 15 °C.The mean thyroid follicle epithelial cell height was 7.4 μ (range 6.0–8.6 μ) at 5 °C; 3.5 μ (range 2.9–3.9 μ) at 12 °C, and 2.3 μ (range 1.9–2.9 μ) at 15 °C. Assuming that a taller epithelial cell height indicates greater thyroid activity, then an inverse relationship between thyroid activity and acclimation temperature exists.Both the uptake of radioiodide by the thyroid (T/S) and the clearance of radioiodide from the serum were greater at higher temperatures. Serum PB125I production was negligible within 8 days after radioiodide injection and the conversion ratio could not be applied as an index of thyroid function, Assuming, however, that the thyroid radioiodide uptake is an index of thyroid activity, then there is a direct relationship between thyroid activity and acclimation temperature.In view of the marked discrepancy between these histological and radiochemical techniques, fractional rates of turnover of serum thyroxine were compared by determining the biological half-life (t½) for serum PB125I after L-thyroxine-125I intraperitoneal injection at different temperatures. The serum PB125I clearance curves were complex and tentative t½ values of 18.0 days (5 °C, 3.2 days (12 °C), and 1.5 days (15 °C) were obtained. These results indicate a more rapid serum PBI turnover at higher temperatures and support the radiochemical measurements.

Preferred Temperatures of F3 to F5 Hybrids of Salvelinus fontinalis × S. namaycush

1976 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. I. Goddard ◽  
J. S. Tait
Keyword(s):  
Lake Trout ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
Acclimation Temperature ◽  
Generation Number ◽  
Preferred Temperatures

Preferred temperatures were determined for samples of four generations, F3, F4, "F4.5" (F4 × F3), and F5 of yearling splake (Salvelinus fontinalis × S. namaycush), acclimated 4, 8, 12, 16, and 20 C. Final preferenda for the four generations were 16.3, 15.9, 15.7, and 14.8 C, respectively, decreasing as generation number increased. Although these values are close to the 16 C preferendum of S. fontinalis, they show a trend towards the lake trout preferendum of 11.7 C. The hybrids are like S. namaycush in having preferred temperatures that are virtually unaffected by changes in acclimation temperature or season.

Seasonal change in the amount of visual pigment in the retinae of fish

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 281-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald M. Allen ◽  
Ellis R. Loew ◽  
William N. McFarland
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Change ◽  
Constant Temperature ◽  
Visual Pigment ◽  
Salmo Trutta ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
Visual Pigments ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Concomitant Increase ◽  
Retinal Photoreceptors ◽  
The Way

The total amount of two visual pigments, rhodopsin and porphyropsin, extracted from retinal photoreceptors of three trouts and a cyprinid, changes seasonally. In Salmo gairdneri, Salmo trutta, and Salvelinus fontinalis maintained in an outdoor raceway at constant temperature (8 °C) the total amount of visual pigment increased about twofold during the winter, though the proportions of rhodopsin and porphyropsin were relatively unchanged. In eastern common shiners, Notropis cornutis, sampled from a stream, visual pigment increased by about fourfold in winter as compared with summer, and porphyropsin rose from about 17 to 68% of the total amount. A later sample of summer and winter shiners revealed no difference in the density of visual pigment within individual rods.An increased amount of visual pigment will broaden the overall pigment absorptance spectrum and a concomitant increase in porphyropsin will further broaden and shift absorptance toward longer wavelengths. Thus, change in total amount of visual pigment represents a new dimension in the way that visual pigment absorptance can be dynamically altered in certain fishes.

Influence of acclimation temperature on rate constants for thyroid uptake of iodide by brook trout, Salvelinus fontinalis (Mitchill)

1971 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 783-786 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolyn D. Smith ◽  
J. G. Eales
Keyword(s):  
Rate Constant ◽  
Rate Constants ◽  
Brook Trout ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
Acclimation Temperature ◽  
Thyroid Activity ◽  
Iodide Uptake ◽  
Individual Fish ◽  
Thyroid Uptake

A procedure for determining the rate constant for thyroid iodide uptake for fish is described.Rate constants for thyroid iodide uptake in brook trout agreed with previously used indices of thyroid activity (T/S and CR) in indicating a more active thyroid at 16C than 10C.At both temperatures radioiodide metabolism was extremely slow with considerable variation between individual fish. These features may be attributed to the high and variable serum stable iodide level in this species.

Temperature preferendum of postlarval black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon)

1999 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 67 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.-Y. Chen ◽  
Y.-L. L. Chen
Keyword(s):  
Penaeus Monodon ◽  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Acclimation Temperature ◽  
Horizontal Gradient ◽  
Optimal Growth Temperature ◽  
Preferred Temperature ◽  
Black Tiger Shrimp ◽  
Tiger Shrimp ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Environmental Temperatures

The environmental temperatures preferred or selected by postlarval black tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon (body weight 84 ± 25 mg and body length 2.66 ± 0.21 cm, mean ± s.d.) acclimatized to 16, 20, 24, 28, 32 or 36°C, were determined in a horizontal gradient (17–37˚C). The results indicated that the crustaceans were competent in detecting thermal discontinuities and in showing preference. The mean temperature selected by the postlarvae rose from 20.0˚C to 25.6˚C and the mode from 15˚C to 27˚C when the acclimation temperature was increased from 16˚C to 36˚C. The preferred temperature of the shrimp was not significantly different among the groups acclimatized at 24˚C, 28˚C and 32˚C. The final preferendum of the shrimp was estimated to be 23.2˚C, which is considerably lower than the optimal growth temperature for the species.

The Dupont family: collectors, dealers and naturalists in nineteenth-century Paris

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Mearns ◽  
Laurent Chevrier ◽  
Christophe Gouraud
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Family History ◽  
Natural History ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Special Interest ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Anatomical Models ◽  
The Family ◽  
Small Collection

In the early part of the nineteenth century the Dupont brothers ran separate natural history businesses in Paris. Relatively little is known about their early life but an investigation into the family history at Bayeux corrects Léonard Dupont's year of birth from 1795 to 1796. In 1818 Léonard joined Joseph Ritchie's expedition to North Africa to assist in collecting and preparing the discoveries but he did not get beyond Tripoli. After 15 months he came back to Paris with a small collection from Libya and Provence, and returned to Provence in 1821. While operating as a dealer-naturalist in Paris he published Traité de taxidermie (1823, 1827), developed a special interest in foreign birds and became well known for his anatomical models in coloured wax. Henry Dupont sold a range of natural history material and with his particular passion for beetles formed one of the finest collections in Europe; his best known publication is Monographie des Trachydérides (1836–1840). Because the brothers had overlapping interests and were rarely referred to by their forenames there has been confusion between them and the various eponyms that commemorate them. Although probably true, it would be an over-simplification to state that birds of this era named for Dupont refer to Léonard Dupont, insects to Henry Dupont, and molluscs to their mother.

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