Water-Thawing of Frozen Cod Blocks

1964 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. A. MacCallum ◽  
D. G. Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Water Temperature ◽  
Sodium Alginate ◽  
Gadus Morhua ◽  
Individual Fish ◽  
Block Height ◽  
Intermediate Time ◽  
Water Recirculation ◽  
The Times ◽  
Thawing Rate ◽  
Better Than

Thawing time for frozen blocks of dressed cod (Gadus morhua) was investigated. Observations were made on the effect of size of individual fish, water recirculation rates, water temperature, block height, thickness and orientation, separation of individuals from the block at some intermediate time, and the use of sodium alginate to promote quicker thawing. Over the range investigated, the first two variables did not affect thawing rate; the remainder were of importance. Blocks 4 and [Formula: see text] inches (102 and 115 mm) thick, weighing 75–80 lb (34–37 kg), were separated and thawed in 60°F (15.5 °C) water in about 3 and [Formula: see text], respectively. These times were equal to or better than the times for freezing between plates under best local commercial conditions. In comparison, similar blocks can be thawed in about [Formula: see text] in a commercially available dielectric thawer. Thawing blocks of dressed fish in recirculated water thus merits consideration with other methods.

9. Authorities – advanced considerations

How to Moot ◽  
2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Snape ◽  
Gary Watt
Keyword(s):  
Personal View ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Times ◽  
Better Than

This chapter discusses what it means to ‘handle precedent’, to ‘interpret statutes’, and to do justice ‘fitted to the needs of the times in which we live’. It provides answers to the following questions: When and how should policy arguments be used? How should foreign case names be pronounced in a moot? What is the correct way to refer to a case? Is it acceptable to give a personal view of the relevant law? When is an authority binding on a moot court? How can one escape from an inconvenient authority? In what circumstances can a case be overruled? How and when can a case be distinguished in law from another? How and when can a case be distinguished on its facts from another? What is the distinction between a judge's finding of fact and his or her decision on the law? What is the status of a judgment of the Divisional Court? Is a ‘Jessel’ better than a ‘Kekewich’? When is a change in the law a matter for Parliament and when is it a matter for the courts?

Determination of Fish Core Content in Coated Products: Interlaboratory WEFTA Studies of Three Procedures

1986 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-79
Author(s):  
Johannes Bon ◽  
Kerst K Brünner ◽  
Angus Aitken
Keyword(s):  
Gadus Morhua ◽  
Fish Products ◽  
Pleuronectes Platessa ◽  
Core Content ◽  
Aoac Method ◽  
Better Than ◽  
West European

Abstract Four collaborative trials are described in which 3 different methods for the estimation of fish content of coated products were compared to determine their suitability. The methods are a modified version of AOAC method 18.003, an alternative “scraping” method, and a “soaking” method. Seven West European laboratories participated in this collaborative exercise, which was performed on 4 types of coated fish products: raw coated portions of cod (Gadus morhua), partly cooked cod sticks, raw fillets of plaice (Pleuronectes platessa), and partly cooked plaice fillets. The results indicate that precooking strongly affected fish recovery by all 3 methods. Regular portions (of cod) gave higher recoveries than irregular shaped fillets (of plaice). The results do not lead to the conclusion that any method was better than the others.

scholarly journals Study of the Effect of Activated Carbon Cathode Configuration on the Performance of a Membrane-Less Microbial Fuel Cell

Catalysts ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 619
Author(s):  
M. L. Jiménez González ◽  
Carlos Hernández Benítez ◽  
Zabdiel Abisai Juarez ◽  
Evelyn Zamudio Pérez ◽  
Víctor Ángel Ramírez Coutiño ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Microbial Fuel Cell ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Internal Resistance ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cod Removal Efficiency ◽  
Water Recirculation ◽  
Better Than

In this paper, the effect of cathode configuration on the performance of a membrane-less microbial fuel cell (MFC) was evaluated using three different arrangements: an activated carbon bed exposed to air (MFCE), a wetland immersed in an activated carbon bed (MFCW) and a cathode connected to an aeration tower featuring a water recirculation device (MFCT). To evaluate the MFC performance, the efficiency of the organic matter removal, the generated voltage, the power density and the internal resistance of the systems were properly assessed. The experimental results showed that while the COD removal efficiency was in all cases over 60% (after 40 days), the MFCT arrangement showed the best performance since the average removal value was 82%, compared to close to 70% for MFCE and MFCW. Statistical analysis of the COD removal efficiency confirmed that the performance of MCFT is substantially better than that of MFCE and MFCW. In regard to the other parameters surveyed, no significant influence of the different cathode arrangements explored could be found.

A class of correlated cumulative shock models

1985 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 347-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ushio Sumita ◽  
J. George Shanthikumar
Keyword(s):  
Failure Time ◽  
Asymptotic Properties ◽  
Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Random Variables ◽  
System Failure ◽  
Shock Models ◽  
The Times ◽  
New Better Than Used ◽  
Better Than

In this paper we define and analyze a class of cumulative shock models associated with a bivariate sequence {Xn, Yn}∞n=0 of correlated random variables. The {Xn} denote the sizes of the shocks and the {Yn} denote the times between successive shocks. The system fails when the cumulative magnitude of the shocks exceeds a prespecified level z. Two models, depending on whether the size of the nth shock is correlated with the length of the interval since the last shock or with the length of the succeeding interval until the next shock, are considered. Various transform results and asymptotic properties of the system failure time are obtained. Further, sufficient conditions are established under which system failure time is new better than used, new better than used in expectation, and harmonic new better than used in expectation.

Preparation and Slow-Release Properties of Clay-Based Phosphatic Fertilizers

2012 ◽  
Vol 430-432 ◽  
pp. 974-977 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Tian Yang ◽  
Guo Xiang Pan ◽  
Bin Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Alginate ◽  
Slow Release ◽  
Potassium Dihydrogen Phosphate ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Dihydrogen Phosphate ◽  
Soil Leaching ◽  
Potassium Dihydrogen ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Phosphatic Fertilizers

With potassium dihydrogen phosphate acting as raw material, using grinding and adsorption methods to prepare diffrent kinds of clay-based phosphatic fertilizers. And later, using sodium alginate to coat the fertilizers. Choosing soil leaching method to evaluate their slow-release properties. The results indicate that carrier properties have great influences on slow-release properties, the effect of different carriers are as follows: bentonite > kaolin> common earth. The coordinated role of bentonite and hydrotalcite to the slow-release properties is better than the single role of bentonite. The coating of sodium alginate can improve the slow-release properties of clay-based fertilizers.

Seed softening, imbibition time, and seedling establishmentin yellow serradella

2002 ◽  
Vol 53 (9) ◽  
pp. 1011 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. B. Taylor ◽  
C. K. Revell
Keyword(s):  
Marked Effect ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
First Year ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Buried Seeds ◽  
Ornithopus Compressus ◽  
Intermediate Time ◽  
Softening Process ◽  
Viable Seeds ◽  
The Times

The first (preconditioning) and final stages of seed softening were studied over a 4-year period in 4 lines of yellow serradella (Ornithopus compressus L.): cvv. Santorini and Charano, and accessions GEH72-1A and GRC5045-2-2. Pods grown in 1997 were collected in December (start of summer) and placed on the soil surface or buried at a depth of 1 cm. Measurements of seed softening between years were made from pod samples removed in June each year. The progress of preconditioning and seed softening within the first 3 years was determined from samples taken at the end of February. Numbers of soft and viable seeds were determined from each sampling. Preconditioned seeds were identified by subjecting seeds to 7 gradual diurnal temperature cycles of 48/15°C in darkness before testing for permeability. Seed softening was markedly accelerated by pod burial in all 4 lines, with most buried seeds of GEH72-1A and Santorini softening during the first year. Seed softening was slower in GRC5045-2-2 and Charano, approaching a constant annual rate over the 4 years of the experiment. Despite this marked effect of burial the differences between lines in rates of softening of buried seeds were sufficient to have important implications for persistence under some management systems. Most seeds of all lines softened between February and June, indicating that shallow pod burial could be delayed in these lines until at least the end of February to promote the final stage of seed softening. Although large numbers of seeds of GEH72-1A and GRC5045-2-2 had preconditioned at the soil surface by the end of February, few went on to complete the softening process by June, when most had lost their preconditioned state. Treatment at 48/15°C was less successful in identifying preconditioned seeds of Santorini and Charano. Rates of imbibition differed markedly between lines. Most soft seeds of GEH72-1A and GRC5045-2-2 imbibed within days, whereas they took weeks in Santorini and an intermediate time in Charano. Seedling age distributions in the 4 lines in June closely reflected the times their soft seeds took to imbibe in the laboratory. Imbibition time can be an important germination regulating mechanism having implications that may be either favourable or unfavourable depending on rainfall distribution around the break of season and the system of management.

scholarly journals GEL FORMATION IN THE KAOLIN SYSTEM - SODIUM ALGINATE - CALCIUM SULFATE - SODIUM PYROPHOSPHATE

2021 ◽  
pp. 3-9
Author(s):  
А.Л. Верещагин ◽  
Е.А. Кукарина ◽  
Е.В. Грешных
Keyword(s):  
Water Temperature ◽  
Sodium Alginate ◽  
Research Methods ◽  
Quality Indicators ◽  
Mass Fraction ◽  
Calcium Sulfate ◽  
Sodium Pyrophosphate ◽  
Gel Formation ◽  
Technical Documentation ◽  
Alginate Gels

Представлены результаты исследований изменений происходящих при формировании наполненных альгинатных гелей при внутреннем диффузионном гелеобразовании. Исследование проводилось для систем, состоящих из каолина и альгината натрия с системой отверждения из сульфата кальция и пирофосфата натрия. Установлено, что применение реологических методов исследования позволяют получать данные о показателях качества альгинатных гелей и их составе, и механизме гелеобразования. Установлено, что для системы каолин – альгинат натрия – сульфат кальция – пирофосфат натрия при формировании альгинатного геля целесообразно использовать сульфат кальция с массовой долей от 5 до 6,5, а пирофосфат натрия с массовой долей от 1,5 до 3 % при гидромодуле 1 к 3 и температуре воды 20 °С.Эти данные можно использовать при разработке рецептуры альгинатных масок и подготовки нормативной технической документации. The results of studies of changes occurring during the formation of filled alginate gels during internal diffusion gelation are presented. The study was carried out for systems consisting of kaolin and sodium alginate with a curing system of calcium sulfate and sodium pyrophosphate. It has been established that the use of rheological research methods makes it possible to obtain data on the quality indicators of alginate gels and their composition, and the mechanism of gelation. It was found that for the system kaolin-sodium alginate-calcium sulfate-sodium pyrophosphate when forming an alginate gel, it is advisable to use calcium sulfate with a mass fraction of 5 to 6.5, and sodium pyrophosphate with a mass fraction of 1.5 to 3% at a hydromodule 1 to 3 and a water temperature of 20 °C. This data can be used in the development of the formulation of alginate masks and the preparation of regulatory technical documentation.

scholarly journals Research on the Application of PBL Teaching Method in Physics Experiment Teaching

2021 ◽  
pp. 53-56
Author(s):  
Qi Tian ◽  
Zhi-Xin Huang ◽  
Wei Li ◽  
Ming-Hai Wu ◽  
Yu-Jie Chen
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Junior High School ◽  
Junior High ◽  
Teaching Method ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Traditional Teaching ◽  
The Times ◽  
Physics Experiment ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Better Than

Discuss the method and effect of problem-based teaching method (PBL) in the teaching of physics experiment in junior high school. Method: A total of 92 students in two junior high school classes were selected, and one of them was randomly set as the experimental group (46 students) and the other one was the control group (456 students). The experimental group added PBL teaching on the basis of traditional teaching methods. Methods, the control group was taught according to the traditional teaching method only, and finally the teaching effect of the two groups was compared. Results: The physics performance of the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the traditional teaching group (P<0.05). The students in the experimental group were better than traditional teaching in subjective evaluations such as learning initiative, learning interest, thinking ability training, practical ability, and innovation ability. Conclusion: The PBL teaching model is more adapted to the development of the times, and the effect is better than traditional teaching. It can combine the learning and practical skills of students, and the comprehensive ability can be greatly improved.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document