Effects of Handling and Salinity on Oxygen Requirements of the Striped Bass, Morone saxatilis

1971 ◽  
Vol 28 (12) ◽  
pp. 1823-1830 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark E. Chittenden Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Failure ◽  
Striped Bass ◽  
Morone Saxatilis ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Oxygen Levels ◽  
Patterns Of Behavior ◽  
Oxygen Requirements ◽  
Oxygen Concentrations

Oxygen requirements of striped bass, Morone saxatilis, were studied at 0 and 10‰ salinity using combinations of handling and constantly decreasing oxygen concentrations. Effects of handling and salinity on oxygen requirements were negligible or absent. Successive and merging patterns of behavior at low oxygen concentrations were: restlessness, spasmodic swimming, surfacing, inactivity, equilibrium loss, and death. Mean oxygen levels with 99% confidence limits at restlessness, inactivity, equilibrium loss, and death were 1.81 ±.10, 1.28 ±.10, 0.95 ±.06, and 0.72 ±.04 mg/liter. Virtually no fish exhibited these behavior patterns until oxygen declined to 3.12, 2.19, 1.44, and 1.04 mg/liter, respectively; nearly all fish did at 0.91, 0.66, 0.62, and 0.50 mg/liter, respectively. Size of fish did not affect oxygen levels at death and equilibrium loss.Ventilation rate was maximum at 2.0–3.0 mg/liter and declined at lower concentrations. Amplitude was maximum at the beginning of inactivity then declined. Because short-term respiratory failure occurred at equilibrium loss, this behavior probably represents oxygen levels that would cause an abrupt fish-kill. Long-term respiratory failure at inactivity indicated that death would follow a period of resistance.There is no sharp distinction between suitable and unsuitable oxygen concentrations, because duration of exposure determines the intensity of the result even at lethal levels. Onset of restlessness (about 3 mg/liter at 16–19 C) probably represents the minimum permissible oxygen level for normal existence. Even this may be insufficient to maintain optimum populations of striped bass.

Long-term retention and detection of oxytetracycline marks applied to hatchery-reared larval striped bass, Morone saxatilis

1998 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 539-543 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas R Reinert ◽  
Julie Wallin ◽  
Mary C Griffin ◽  
Michael J Conroy ◽  
Michael J Van Den Avyle
Keyword(s):  
Striped Bass ◽  
Retention Rate ◽  
Morone Saxatilis ◽  
First Year ◽  
Detectable Change ◽  
Savannah River ◽  
Term Retention ◽  
Long Term Retention ◽  
Coded Wire Tags

Hatchery-reared larval striped bass, Morone saxatilis, destined for stocking in the Savannah River, Georgia, were immersed in oxytetracycline (OTC) to mark bony structures for later identification. Approximately 170 000 of these fish were raised to larger sizes and tagged with micromagnetic coded-wire tags (CWT). Recaptures of OTC-marked (OTC only) and marked and tagged (OTC and CWT) fish allowed us to determine retention of the OTC mark in otoliths to 3 years of age and to evaluate reader ability to detect those marks. The estimated retention rate was 80.2% for the first year, with no detectable change in additional years. Detection of OTC was age independent and estimated at 72.6% when one otolith was examined versus 92.5% when both otoliths were examined. Only 74.2% (retention x detection) of recaptures in this study would have been correctly identified as stocked fish if OTC alone was used as the marking method.

Gene expression profiling of the long-term adaptive response to hypoxia in the gills of adult zebrafish

2005 ◽  
Vol 289 (5) ◽  
pp. R1512-R1519 ◽  
Author(s):  
David L. M. van der Meer ◽  
Guido E. E. J. M. van den Thillart ◽  
Frans Witte ◽  
Merijn A. G. de Bakker ◽  
Jaya Besser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Biosynthesis ◽  
Tca Cycle ◽  
Monocarboxylate Transporter ◽  
Adaptive Responses ◽  
Adult Zebrafish ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Lipid Trafficking ◽  
Oxygen Levels ◽  
Niemann Pick

Low oxygen levels (hypoxia) play a role in clinical conditions such as stroke, chronic ischemia, and cancer. To better understand these diseases, it is crucial to study the responses of vertebrates to hypoxia. Among vertebrates, some teleosts have developed the ability to adapt to extremely low oxygen levels. We have studied long-term adaptive responses to hypoxia in adult zebrafish. We used zebrafish that survived severe hypoxic conditions for 3 wk and showed adaptive behavioral and phenotypic changes. We used cDNA microarrays to investigate hypoxia-induced changes in expression of 15,532 genes in the respiratory organs (the gills). We have identified 367 differentially expressed genes of which 117 showed hypoxia-induced and 250 hypoxia-reduced expressions. Metabolic depression was indicated by repression of genes in the TCA cycle in the electron transport chain and of genes involved in protein biosynthesis. We observed enhanced expression of the monocarboxylate transporter and of the oxygen transporter myoglobin. The hypoxia-induced group further included the genes for Niemann-Pick C disease and for Wolman disease [lysosomal acid lipase (LAL)]. Both diseases lead to a similar intra- and extracellular accumulation of cholesterol and glycolipids. The Niemann-Pick C protein binds to cholesterol from internal lysosomal membranes and is involved in cholesterol trafficking. LAL is responsible for lysosomal cholesterol degradation. Our data suggest a novel adaptive mechanism to hypoxia, the induction of genes for lysosomal lipid trafficking and degradation. Studying physiological responses to hypoxia in species tolerant for extremely low oxygen levels can help identify novel regulatory genes, which may have important clinical implications.

scholarly journals Clinical outcomes of patients receiving prolonged extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for respiratory support

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 175346661984894 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soo Jin Na ◽  
Jae-Seung Jung ◽  
Sang-Bum Hong ◽  
Woo Hyun Cho ◽  
Sang-Min Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Failure ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation ◽  
Hospital Mortality ◽  
Acute Respiratory Failure ◽  
Ecmo Support ◽  
Respiratory Support ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Membrane Oxygenation

Background: There are limited data regarding prolonged extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support, despite increase in ECMO use and duration in patients with respiratory failure. The objective of this study was to investigate the outcomes of severe acute respiratory failure patients supported with prolonged ECMO for more than 28 days. Methods: Between January 2012 and December 2015, all consecutive adult patients with severe acute respiratory failure who underwent ECMO for respiratory support at 16 tertiary or university-affiliated hospitals in South Korea were enrolled retrospectively. The patients were divided into two groups: short-term group defined as ECMO for ⩽28 days and long-term group defined as ECMO for more than 28 days. In-hospital and 6-month mortalities were compared between the two groups. Results: A total of 487 patients received ECMO support for acute respiratory failure during the study period, and the median support duration was 8 days (4–20 days). Of these patients, 411 (84.4%) received ECMO support for ⩽28 days (short-term group), and 76 (15.6%) received support for more than 28 days (long-term group). The proportion of acute exacerbation of interstitial lung disease as a cause of respiratory failure was higher in the long-term group than in the short-term group (22.4% versus 7.5%, p < 0.001), and the duration of mechanical ventilation before ECMO was longer (4 days versus 1 day, p < 0.001). The hospital mortality rate (60.8% versus 69.7%, p = 0.141) and the 6-month mortality rate (66.2% versus 74.0%, p = 0.196) were not different between the two groups. ECMO support longer than 28 days was not associated with hospital mortality in univariable and multivariable analyses. Conclusions: Short- and long-term survival rates among patients receiving ECMO support for more than 28 days for severe acute respiratory failure were not worse than those among patients receiving ECMO for 28 days or less.

scholarly journals Evidence for greater oxygen decline rates in the coastal ocean than in the open ocean

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 9127-9160 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Gilbert ◽  
N. N. Rabalais ◽  
R. J. Diaz ◽  
J. Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Oxygen Concentration ◽  
Coastal Ocean ◽  
Open Ocean ◽  
Global Ocean ◽  
Oxygen Levels ◽  
The Past ◽  
Rule Out ◽  
Oxygen Concentrations

Abstract. In the global ocean, the number of reported hypoxic sites (oxygen <30% saturation) is on the rise both near the coast and in the open ocean. But unfortunately, most of the papers on hypoxia only present oxygen data from one or two years, so that we often lack a long-term perspective on whether oxygen levels at these locations are decreasing, steady or increasing. Consequently, we cannot rule out the possibility that many of the newly reported hypoxic areas were hypoxic in the past, and that the increasing number of hypoxic areas partly reflects increased research and monitoring efforts. Here we address this shortcoming by computing oxygen concentration trends in the global ocean from published time series and from time series that we calculated using a global oxygen database. Our results show that oxygen concentrations are generally decreasing in the ocean. They also reveal a greater percentage of negative trends for published oxygen time series than for oxygen time series computed from the global oxygen database, particularly in the open ocean. Finally, the oxygen decline rates computed from the global oxygen database are more severe in a 30 km band near the coast than in the open ocean, probably in response to human-caused eutrophication.

scholarly journals Short-term infection of striped bass Morone saxatilis with Mycobacterium marinum

2011 ◽  
Vol 94 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
SJ Jeon ◽  
LC Gonsalves ◽  
JM Jacobs ◽  
M Rhodes ◽  
J Councilman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Striped Bass ◽  
Morone Saxatilis ◽  
Mycobacterium Marinum ◽  
Short Term
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