Annual Biodeposition and Gross Energy Budget of Mature Pacific Oysters, Crassostrea gigas

1974 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. R. Bernard
Keyword(s):  
Food Web ◽  
Energy Budget ◽  
Crassostrea Gigas ◽  
Oyster Reef ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Caloric Content ◽  
Pacific Oysters ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Annual Volume

The mean annual volume of seawater pumped by Pacific oysters in Departure Bay, British Columbia is 1488 liters/g per year. The energy requirement for metabolism and pumping is 1.74 cal/liter, while the mean annual caloric content of the seawater is 60.4 cals/liter. Annual biodeposition is 8.9 g/g per year; these data applied to a mean biomass of 190 g/m2 for a mature oyster reef show that 22,052 kcal are theoretically available for ingestion, but only 11% are retained, mostly to be biodeposited. The biodeposits have a caloric value of 1545 kcal/m2 and furnish an important nutritional substrate. Another important contribution to the food web is the annual release of gametes, equivalent to 502 kcal/m2 reef.

scholarly journals Physiological processes and gross energy budget of the submerged longline-cultured Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas in a temperate bay of Korea

PLoS ONE ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. e0199752 ◽  
Author(s):  
Young-Jae Lee ◽  
Eunah Han ◽  
Michael J. Wilberg ◽  
Won Chan Lee ◽  
Kwang-Sik Choi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Budget ◽  
Crassostrea Gigas ◽  
Pacific Oyster ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Gross Energy

Growth table for Corsican pine in Flanders (Belgium)

1991 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Meuleman
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pests ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Stand Density ◽  
Forest Tree ◽  
Permanent Plots ◽  
New Findings ◽  
Volume Increment ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Annual Volume ◽  
Very High

After  its introduction at the start of this century, the Corsican pine has become  an important forest tree in Flanders (Belgium). The total area covered by  Corsican pine is about 11.000 ha. Due to climatological factors it is  virtually absent from the Walloon part of Belgium. Despite the crisis in 1984  - 1986, practical experiences with its vitality and disease resistance are  generally positive. Compared to Scots pine which is native to Belgium, its  productivity and insensitivity for insect pests is large.     To quantify the productivity of Corsican pine, a growth table was  constructed using a method developed by PALM and DAGNELIE. It was based on  data from 321 temporarily and 80 permanent plots distributed over Flanders.  Five yield classes were distinguished according to dominant height at 50  years. For each yield class, a series of tables as a function of treatment  was constructed. Treatments were characterized by the mean annual  circumference increment.     These tables allow to predict the growth of Corsican pines. Such  predictions for the whole range of species are necessary for the development  of a good forestry policy and for timber industries. The tables also provide  information for any given Corsican pine stand that is helpful in practice:  expected productivity, stand density, determination of the felling quantum.      The data show that the productivity of Corsican pine is very high. The very  early culmination of the current annual volume increment and the rather  constant level of the mean annual volume increment after culmination are  interesting new findings. It is also shown that it is possible to work with  long rotation periods. This offers good opportunities for the production of  high quality wood and is also important for the social and ecological role of  the forest.     Productivity is lowest on very dry and sandy soils. A high productivity on  moderately dry sand and loamy sand soils and loamy soils make the Corsican  pine one of the most valuable tree species for the Kempen in Flanders.  Although productivity is very high on well drained sandy loam and loam soils,  plantation of Corsican pine on these locations is not advised.

scholarly journals Electrophysiological Evaluation of Pacific Oyster (Crassostrea gigas) Sensitivity to Saxitoxin and Tetrodotoxin

Marine Drugs ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (7) ◽  
pp. 380
Author(s):  
Floriane Boullot ◽  
Caroline Fabioux ◽  
Hélène Hégaret ◽  
Pierre Boudry ◽  
Philippe Soudant ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crassostrea Gigas ◽  
Harmful Algal Blooms ◽  
Algal Blooms ◽  
Alexandrium Minutum ◽  
Paralytic Shellfish Toxins ◽  
Pacific Oysters ◽  
Paralytic Shellfish ◽  
Good Potential ◽  
First Time ◽  
Micromolar Range

Pacific oysters (Crassostrea gigas) may bio-accumulate high levels of paralytic shellfish toxins (PST) during harmful algal blooms of the genus Alexandrium. These blooms regularly occur in coastal waters, affecting oyster health and marketability. The aim of our study was to analyse the PST-sensitivity of nerves of Pacific oysters in relation with toxin bio-accumulation. The results show that C. gigas nerves have micromolar range of saxitoxin (STX) sensitivity, thus providing intermediate STX sensitivity compared to other bivalve species. However, theses nerves were much less sensitive to tetrodotoxin. The STX-sensitivity of compound nerve action potential (CNAP) recorded from oysters experimentally fed with Alexandrium minutum (toxic-alga-exposed oysters), or Tisochrysis lutea, a non-toxic microalga (control oysters), revealed that oysters could be separated into STX-resistant and STX-sensitive categories, regardless of the diet. Moreover, the percentage of toxin-sensitive nerves was lower, and the STX concentration necessary to inhibit 50% of CNAP higher, in recently toxic-alga-exposed oysters than in control bivalves. However, no obvious correlation was observed between nerve sensitivity to STX and the STX content in oyster digestive glands. None of the nerves isolated from wild and farmed oysters was detected to be sensitive to tetrodotoxin. In conclusion, this study highlights the good potential of cerebrovisceral nerves of Pacific oysters for electrophysiological and pharmacological studies. In addition, this study shows, for the first time, that C. gigas nerves have micromolar range of STX sensitivity. The STX sensitivity decreases, at least temporary, upon recent oyster exposure to dinoflagellates producing PST under natural, but not experimental environment.

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