Variation in Age at First Spawning in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar)

1978 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gunnar Nævdal ◽  
Marianne Holm ◽  
Oscar Ingebrigtsen ◽  
Dag Møller
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Salmon River ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
Mature Fish ◽  
Maturation Age

Significant differences in the proportion of mature fish in groups of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) of different river origins maintained under the same conditions were observed during the 1st and 2nd yr of sea rearing. Nearly all fish in sib groups originating from grilse rivers matured during the 2nd sea year, while few or no mature fish were found in the groups originating from rivers producing mainly multi-sea-winter salmon. The observations were in accordance with the life histories of the different river populations, indicating that salmon inherit rather than acquire a tendency to mature at a certain age. Key words: Atlantic salmon, maturation age, cultured salmon, river populations

Feeding by Hatchery-Reared and Wild Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) Parr in Streams

1979 ◽  
Vol 36 (11) ◽  
pp. 1408-1412 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Sosiak ◽  
R. G. Randall ◽  
J. A. McKenzie
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Food Selection ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Stomach Fullness ◽  
Size Dependent ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
Feeding Experience ◽  
Salmon Parr

Hatchery-reared Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) parr were captured 1–3 mo after release in streams, along with wild parr from the same streams. Identification of their stomach contents showed total number of organisms and number of taxa per stomach were greater and there was a higher index of stomach fullness in wild than in hatchery parr resident ≤ 2 mo in a stream. Wild parr consumed more Brachycentridae, Hydroptilidae, Diptera, and Plecoptera than did hatchery parr, but sometimes less Odontoceridae and Heptageniidae. These differences may have arisen from size-dependent food selection, the effects of feeding experience, or possible microhabitat differences between wild and hatchery parr. Key words: salmon parr, hatchery-reared, wild, feeding

The marine phase of the Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) life cycle, with comparisons to Pacific salmon

1998 ◽  
Vol 55 (S1) ◽  
pp. 104-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
L P Hansen ◽  
T P Quinn
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
North Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Pacific Salmon ◽  
Mortality Factor ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
The North ◽  
Wide Range

Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) are distributed over large areas in the north Atlantic Ocean. They usually move very quickly from freshwater to oceanic areas, whereas there is considerable variation among Pacific salmon in early marine movements. In some areas, Atlantic salmon of exploitable size are sufficiently abundant that commercial high seas fisheries have developed. Such areas are off west Greenland, where North American and European fish are harvested, and in the Norwegian Sea, north of the Faroe Islands, where mainly European fish are exploited. Atlantic salmon feed on a wide range of large crustaceans, pelagic fish, and squid in the marine environment, supporting the hypothesis that Atlantic salmon are opportunistic feeders. In the ocean the salmon grow relatively quickly and the sea age when they become sexually mature depends on both genetics and on growing conditions. Natural marine mortality of salmon is highest during the first few months at sea and the major mortality factor is probably predation. However, marine mortality of Atlantic salmon has increased in recent years, apparently correlated with a decline in sea surface temperatures. Similar relationships between environmental conditions and the growth and survival of Pacific salmon have been reported. Atlantic salmon life histories most closely mimic stream-type chinook salmon or steelhead trout among the Pacific species. Finally, Atlantic and Pacific salmon return to their home rivers with high precision and possible mechanisms controlling the oceanic homing migration are presented and discussed.

Interactions of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and trout (Salvelinus fontinalis and Oncorhynchus mykiss) in Vermont tributaries of the Connecticut River

2003 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 279-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew J Raffenberg ◽  
Donna L Parrish
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Brook Trout ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
Multiple Scales ◽  
Connecticut River ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar

Competitive interactions among stream salmonids in resource-limited environments have been linked to reduced success for many species. Few studies have focused on interactions at scales larger than individual fish or stream reach. We chose to focus our study on these larger scales to provide information for managing species that have complex life histories transcending multiple scales. Our objective was to explore age-0 Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) growth and survival in relation to trout abundance (introduced rainbow (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and native brook (Salvelinus fontinalis) trout) and prey resources at 24 stream reaches across two Vermont watersheds that flow into the Connecticut River. Simple linear and multilinear regressions were conducted on response and predictor variables related to fish and invertebrate prey. Age-0 Atlantic salmon survival was greatest at the site with highest trout abundance; however, no linear relationships to trout abundance were detected possibly because Atlantic salmon growth and survival were highly variable across sites. In contrast, a positive significant multivariate relationship was identified among age-0 Atlantic salmon survival, the abundance of age-1+ brook trout (i.e., 100–130 mm), and benthic prey abundance. These results suggest that stocking streams based on trout abundance may not increase Atlantic salmon growth and survival during the first summer of life.

The interaction between behavior and physiology in determining life history patterns in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)

1998 ◽  
Vol 55 (S1) ◽  
pp. 93-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil B Metcalfe
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Growth Trajectories ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
Growth Opportunity ◽  
Expected Performance ◽  
Genetically Determined

Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) exhibit extreme diversity in the age of smolt migration and sexual maturation, both within and among populations. Theoretical analyses reveal the adaptive significance of such variation, but models of the underlying physiological and behavioral mechanisms are also needed. I summarize one such proximate model that suggests that smolting and maturation are only triggered if expected performance trajectories exceed threshold levels during sensitive periods. The probability of a threshold being exceeded is therefore dependent on an individual fish's ability to acquire and utilize resources efficiently, which in turn depends on a range of physiological and behavioral traits. Spatial variation in life histories is chiefly caused by differences in growth opportunity, although there is evidence of geographical variation in genetically determined expected growth trajectories. Simulations show that small changes in young fry growth rates can have pronounced effects on mean smolt age and sex ratio, by influencing the proportion of males that fail to exceed the threshold for early smolting and mature as parr (and so are less likely to survive to smolting). More sophisticated proximate models should allow powerful predictions of smolt production based on simple environmental parameters, due to their influence on growth trajectories and hence life history decisions.

Imprinting and Homing of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) Kelts

1989 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 714-719 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Foster ◽  
C. B. Schom
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
New Brunswick ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Release Site ◽  
Behavioral Changes ◽  
Salmon River ◽  
Delayed Release ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
Seaward Migration ◽  
Passamaquoddy Bay

Experiments were conducted to determine if a process similar to imprinting occurs during each seaward migration of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar). Displaced Atlantic salmon kelts homed to the site from which they had previously emigrated to sea as smolts (Big Salmon River, New Brunswick, Canada) and did not home to their release sites, or their overwintering sites 150 km away. Delaying release of kelts past the time of normal seaward migration did not cause the behavioral changes associated with interference of the imprinting process described for smolts. Delayed release kelts did not remain near their seawater or estuarine release sites, home to their release sites, or non-selectively home to suitable spawning streams near their release sites. Delayed released kelts travelled away from the release site faster than kelts released during their normal time of seaward migration, but they did not return either to Passamaquoddy Bay or their natal stream in the calendar year of their release (the normal time for this stock) or in subsequent years.

Food web incorporation of marine-derived nutrients after the reintroduction of endangered inner Bay of Fundy Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grace Elizabeth Bryson ◽  
Karen A Kidd ◽  
Kurt M Samways
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Brook Trout ◽  
Freshwater Ecosystems ◽  
Bay Of Fundy ◽  
Δ13c And Δ15n ◽  
Salmon River ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
Post Spawning ◽  
Marine Derived Nutrients

Inner Bay of Fundy Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) are endangered anadromous fish that have the potential to provide marine-derived nutrients (MDNs) to freshwater ecosystems depending on their population abundance. Salmon have been reintroduced to the Upper Salmon River, but not the adjacent Point Wolfe River, in Fundy National Park, New Brunswick, Canada. This study determined whether stocking of adult salmon increased the productivity of the river. To examine the incorporation of MDNs, biofilm, leaf litter, Perlidae, Heptageniidae and brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) were sampled pre- and post-spawning in 2015-2017 from down- and up-stream of a natural barrier in both rivers and analyzed for carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) isotopes. After salmon spawning in each year, all organisms at the downstream site of the stocked river increased in δ13C and δ15N, with the greatest enrichment in brook trout (δ13C -23.97 to -21.10‰, δ15N +6.36 to +10.73‰). The proportion of MDNs in brook trout after salmon spawning (2015: 23.4%, 2016: 40.7%, 2017: 37.4%) also increased with higher numbers of released adult salmon. Results support the importance of salmon restoration for increasing the proportion of MDNs and productivity in rivers in Atlantic Canada.

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