Nucleic Acid, Protein Content, and Growth of Larval Fish Sublethally Exposed to Various Toxicants

1984 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mace G. Barron ◽  
Ira R. Adelman
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Larval Fish ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
Pimephales Promelas ◽  
Early Life Stage ◽  
Toxicant Exposure ◽  
Growth Measurement ◽  
Log Linear ◽  
Macromolecular Content

Larval fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) were exposed for 96 h to several concentrations of benzophenone, ethyl acetate, hexavalent chromium, hydrogen cyanide, or p-cresol. The range of "safe" concentrations determined from 96-h macromolecular content (RNA, DNA, and protein) and growth was within or very near the range of "safe" concentrations determined by concomitant longer term exposure (28- to 32-d early life stage toxicity test). RNA, DNA, and protein content per larva and RNA/DNA ratio were sensitive to toxicant stress and followed a log-linear dose response. Larval RNA content appeared to be the 96-h measurement most responsive to toxicant exposure. A disruption of nucleic acid and protein metabolism apparently occurred within 96 h of sublethal toxicant exposure and resulted in (1) decreased rates of mitosis, (2) reduced protein synthesis, and (3) reduced growth. Measurement of growth and macromolecular content after a 96-h larval exposure provided a physiologically relevant measurement of toxicity that was predictive of longer term sublethal toxicity.

Tolerable ranges of fluid shear for early life-stage fishes: implications for safe fish passage at hydropower and irrigation infrastructure

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (11) ◽  
pp. 1503 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Navarro ◽  
Craig A. Boys ◽  
Wayne Robinson ◽  
Lee J. Baumgartner ◽  
Brett Miller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Strain Rate ◽  
Larval Fish ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
Early Life Stage ◽  
Fish Passage ◽  
Strain Rates ◽  
Fluid Shear ◽  
Murray Cod ◽  
Irrigation Infrastructure

Egg and larval fish drifting downstream are likely to encounter river infrastructure leading to mortality. Elevated fluid shear is one likely cause. To confirm this and determine tolerable strain rates resulting from fluid shear, egg and larvae of three Australian species were exposed to a high-velocity, submerged jet in a laboratory flume. Mortality was modelled over a broad range of strain rates, allowing critical thresholds to be estimated. Eggs were very susceptible to mortality at low strain rates and 100% of golden and silver perch died once strain rate exceeded 629 and 148s–1 respectively. Larvae were less vulnerable than eggs, but mortality increased at higher strain rates and at younger ages. Most ages of larvae will be protected if strain rate does not exceed 600s–1, although a lower guideline of less than 400s–1 may be needed in areas where very early stage Murray cod larvae drift. Golden perch and silver perch were not susceptible to shear once maturity reached ~25 days post-hatch (nearing juvenile metamorphosis). The thresholds described here will prove useful when refining design and operational guidelines for hydropower and irrigation infrastructure to improve fish survival.

Early life-stage and multigeneration toxicity study with bisphenol A and fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas)

2011 ◽  
Vol 74 (6) ◽  
pp. 1548-1557 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles A. Staples ◽  
A. Tilghman Hall ◽  
Urs Friederich ◽  
Norbert Caspers ◽  
Gary M. Klecka
Keyword(s):  
Bisphenol A ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
Pimephales Promelas ◽  
Early Life Stage ◽  
Toxicity Study ◽  
Fathead Minnows

Early Life-Stage Toxicity of Eight Pharmaceuticals to the Fathead Minnow, Pimephales promelas

2011 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 455-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. D. Overturf ◽  
C. L. Overturf ◽  
D. Baxter ◽  
D. N. Hala ◽  
L. Constantine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Life ◽  
Fathead Minnow ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
Pimephales Promelas ◽  
Early Life Stage

scholarly journals Evaluating the Role of Fish as Surrogates for Amphibians in Pesticide Ecological Risk Assessment

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott Glaberman ◽  
Jean Kiwiet ◽  
Catherine Aubee
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
Pimephales Promelas ◽  
Early Life Stage ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Protection Agency ◽  
Test Species ◽  
The U.S

ABSTRACTEcological risk of chemicals to aquatic-phase amphibians has historically been evaluated by comparing estimated environmental concentrations in surface water to surrogate toxicity data from standard fish species. Despite their obvious similarities, there are biological disparities among fish and amphibians that could affect their exposure and response to chemicals. Given the alarming decline in amphibians in which anthropogenic pollutants play at least some role, evaluating the potential risk of chemicals to amphibians is becoming increasingly important. Here, we evaluate relative sensitivity of fish and larval aquatic-phase amphibians to 45 different pesticides using existing data for three standardized toxicity tests: (1) amphibian metamorphosis assay (AMA) with the African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis); (2) fish short-term reproductive assay (FSTRA) with freshwater fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas); (3) fish early life stage test with P. promelas or rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). The advantage of this dataset over previous work is that these studies show high consistency in exposure method and exposure concentration validation, study duration, test species, endpoints measured, and number of concentrations tested. We found very strong positive relationships between fish and tadpole lowest adverse effect concentrations (LOAEC) for survival (r2=0.85, slope=0.97), body weight (r2=0.77, slope=0.98), and length (r2=0.77, slope=0.92) with only one out of 45 chemicals exhibiting 100-folder greater sensitivity in frogs relative to fish. While these results suggest comparable toxicity for pesticides between these two groups of vertebrates, testing with a greater diversity of amphibians will help determine the generalizability of these results across all amphibians.DISCLAIMERThe views expressed in this manuscript are solely those of the authors and do not represent the policies of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Mention of trade names of commercial products should not be interpreted as an endorsement by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.

EFFECTS OF PULSED COPPER EXPOSURES ON EARLY LIFE-STAGE PIMEPHALES PROMELAS

2006 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 1376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan S. Bearr ◽  
Jerry Diamond ◽  
Henry Latimer ◽  
Marcus Bowersox
Keyword(s):  
Early Life ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
Pimephales Promelas ◽  
Early Life Stage
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