Temps d'ajustement de la flottabilité des saumons atlantiques (Salmo salar) d'élevage et flottabilité comparée de saumons atlantiques d'élevage et sauvages

1985 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 619-623 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel Legault ◽  
Louis-Marie Lalancette
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Wild Fish ◽  
Flowing Water ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar

We determined the time of adjustment of buoyancy of juvenile hatchery-reared Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and investigated whether if their higher position off the substratum, compared with wild fish, might better result from a higher buoyancy. In flowing water, hatchery-reared Atlantic salmon adjust their buoyancy within 24 h. No difference in buoyancy exists between juvenile hatchery-reared and wild Atlantic salmon in still water. However, juvenile hatchery-reared Atlantic salmon are more buoyant in flowing water than wild Atlantic salmon. Even after 3 mo in a stream, the buoyancy of juvenile hatchery-reared Atlantic salmon did not change. Acquired hatchery behaviour appears to be responsible for their difference in buoyancy.

Farmed Atlantic salmon Salmo salar L. parr may reduce early survival of wild fish

2015 ◽  
Vol 86 (6) ◽  
pp. 1699-1712 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Sundt-Hansen ◽  
J. Huisman ◽  
H. Skoglund ◽  
K. Hindar
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Wild Fish ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
Early Survival ◽  
Farmed Atlantic Salmon

Spatial and temporal effects of interspecific competition between Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and brown trout (Salmo trutta) in winter

2001 ◽  
Vol 58 (6) ◽  
pp. 1133-1140 ◽  
Author(s):  
A J Harwood ◽  
N B Metcalfe ◽  
J D Armstrong ◽  
S W Griffiths
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Brown Trout ◽  
Salmo Trutta ◽  
Habitat Preferences ◽  
Flowing Water ◽  
Stream Channels ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
Brown Trout Salmo Trutta

Previous work has shown that juvenile stream-dwelling salmonids become predominantly nocturnal during winter by emerging from daytime refuges to feed, with several species having been shown to prefer slow-flowing water while active at night. We used seminatural stream channels, landscaped to provide a choice of water depths, and hence velocities, to test whether Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar, and brown trout, Salmo trutta, show similar habitat preferences during winter. We also tested whether there was any spatial or temporal displacement of Atlantic salmon when in sympatry with brown trout. Nighttime observations revealed that Atlantic salmon did have a preference for slow-flowing water. However, when in direct competition with trout, salmon either remained predominantly nocturnal but occupied shallower water, or became significantly less nocturnal, spending more time active during the day than when in allopatry. These results, which were especially marked in relatively larger fish, indicate that competition between the two species for food and resources is not restricted to the summer months and may affect both the short- and long-term growth and survival of overwintering wild Atlantic salmon.

Condition and performance of juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar): effects of rearing practices on hatchery fish and comparison with wild fish

1998 ◽  
Vol 55 (5) ◽  
pp. 1208-1219 ◽  
Author(s):  
D G McDonald ◽  
C L Milligan ◽  
W J McFarlane ◽  
S Croke ◽  
S Currie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Swimming Performance ◽  
Anaerobic Capacity ◽  
Wild Fish ◽  
Normal Density ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
Juvenile Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Limited Effectiveness ◽  
And Performance

This study examined the effects of various modifications of rearing practices on hatchery-reared Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) fingerlings and compared condition and performance of hatchery fingerlings (age 0+) and yearlings (age 1+) with those of wild-reared Atlantic salmon. Reduced fish density (and increased ration) in rearing tanks promoted increased growth and condition factor and significant changes in muscle composition, including increased muscle lipid content and glycolytic enzyme activity, specfically phosphofructokinase and lactate dehydrogenase. However, these changes had no effect on anaerobic capacity. Moreover, swimming performance was poorer in fingerlings reared at low compared with normal density. Raising the water velocity from 0 to 4 cm ·s-1 (~0.7 body length ·s-1) had overall beneficial effects, most notably increased endurance in fixed velocity sprint tests and a reduction of ion loss in an epinephrine challenge test. Increasing velocity to 9 cm ·s-1 had no further effects. Wild fingerlings were larger with better fin quality and superior anaerobic capacity and swim performance. Even larger differences were seen between hatchery-reared and wild yearlings. It is concluded that significant changes in morphology, physiology, and muscle biochemistry of juvenile Atlantic salmon can be brought about by changing hatchery rearing conditions, but these changes are of limited effectiveness in reducing the difference between hatchery-reared and wild fish.

Retarded Behavioral Development and Impaired Balance in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) Alevins Hatched from Gastrulae Exposed to DDT

1974 ◽  
Vol 31 (12) ◽  
pp. 1936-1938 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Dill ◽  
R. C. Saunders
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Behavioral Development ◽  
Wild Fish ◽  
Behavior Changes ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
Impaired Balance

Eggs of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) were subjected to 0.1, 0.05, 0.01, or 0.005 ppm DDT at gastrulation. Behavior of hatched fish was observed in DDT-free aquaria for about 30 days, and compared with that of controls. Exposure to the two higher concentrations of DDT retarded behavioral development and impaired balance. The consequences of such behavior changes to wild fish are discussed.

scholarly journals Annual changes in the proportions of wild and hatchery Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) caught in the Baltic Sea

2006 ◽  
Vol 63 (7) ◽  
pp. 1274-1285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marja-Liisa Koljonen
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Wild Fish ◽  
Gulf Of Finland ◽  
Substantial Contribution ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
The Gulf Of Finland

Abstract DNA-level information from an eight-loci microsatellite baseline database of 32 Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) stocks was used with a Bayesian estimation method to assess the stock and stock group proportions of Finnish salmon catches in the Baltic Sea area. The proportions of seven stock groups, important to fisheries management, were assessed in catch samples taken between 2000 and 2005. In the Gulf of Bothnia area, the proportion of wild fish in catches showed an increasing trend in all areas until 2003, mainly because of the decrease in total catches caused by the relatively greater mortality of hatchery-reared fish compared with wild fish. In 2004, the total number of wild fish caught had also increased, indicating an increase in the abundance of wild stocks. In catches from the Åland Sea, the proportion of wild fish increased from 44% in 2000 to 70% in 2004, while the catch during the same period increased from 4628 to 7329 fish. In the Gulf of Finland, the local Neva salmon stock, which is released by Estonia, Finland, and Russia, made the largest contribution. In the western part of the Gulf of Finland, fish originating in the Baltic Main Basin also made a substantial contribution to catches. The threatened eastern Estonian and Russian wild stocks were recorded only in the western part of the Gulf of Finland, where the proportion of wild fish increased from 9% in 2003 to 19% in 2004.

The costs of habitat utilization of wild, farmed, and domesticated juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)

2004 ◽  
Vol 61 (12) ◽  
pp. 2302-2313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva C Enders ◽  
Daniel Boisclair ◽  
André G Roy
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Wild Fish ◽  
Farmed Fish ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
Juvenile Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Generation Progeny ◽  
High Turbulence ◽  
Wild Progenitors

We compared morphometry and total swimming costs of wild, farmed (first-generation hatchery progeny of wild progenitors) and domesticated (seventh-generation progeny of the Norwegian aquaculture strain) juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Respirometry experiments were performed to assess total swimming costs of fish ranging in size from 4.0 to 16.1 g wet mass at a water temperature of 15 °C. Fish were subjected to flow conditions of low and high turbulence. Total swimming costs increased significantly with intensity of turbulence and were, on average, 1.4 times higher at high than at low turbulence. Total swimming costs were 2.4- to 4.0-fold higher than predicted by forced swimming models developed under conditions that minimize flow heterogeneity. Total swimming costs of wild and farmed fish were not statistically different (average difference = 6.7%). Hence, swimming costs models developed using farmed fish may be used to estimate swimming costs of wild fish. However, domesticated fish had total swimming costs 12.0% to 29.2% higher than farmed or wild fish. This may be related to domesticated fish having deeper bodies and smaller fins.

The feeding behaviour of cultured and wild Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., in the Louvenga River, Kola Peninsula, Russia

2006 ◽  
Vol 63 (7) ◽  
pp. 1297-1303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander V. Orlov ◽  
Yuri V. Gerasimov ◽  
Oleg M. Lapshin
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Water Column ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Wild Fish ◽  
Food Items ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
Cultured Fish ◽  
Terrestrial Insects

Abstract An underwater survey was conducted in the Louvenga River to investigate the behaviour and distribution of juvenile Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., and the adaptation of cultured fish to the natural environment. The food and feeding habits of 34 wild and 44 cultured parr released from the Kandalaksha hatchery were also studied. The cultured salmon fed mostly in the bottom 15 cm of the water column in current velocities of 0.2–0.35 m s−1. In contrast to wild fish, when cultured fish moved away from these areas and into areas with higher current velocities (average speeds of 0.52 m s−1) and lower drift density (2.66 particles m−3), they did not show a tendency to return to slower moving water. The diet of cultured parr was made up of benthic invertebrates (20%), terrestrial insects (32%), and drift items (33%), but these proportions were different in the diet of wild parr (2%, 24%, and 67%, respectively), with drift items predominating. The mean quantity of food per stomach indicated that the wild parr were feeding more actively than cultured parr. Invertebrates made up 3% of items in the drift, with the remaining 97% being exuvia of aquatic and terrestrial insects, algae, and various plant remains. Poor quality food items were found in 13% and 25% of the stomachs of wild and cultured parr, respectively, demonstrating that the cultured parr were less able to differentiate food items in the water column and made 20–30% more false feeding attempts than wild fish. The cultured parr were also more aggressive in terms of the frequency of aggressive interactions and reacted to each other at greater distances than wild fish. Thus, wild parr were able to optimize their feeding conditions by choosing habitats with preferred sizes of food items, higher densities of drift items, and current velocities that allowed them to maintain station and to feed more effectively. Conversely, cultured parr usually occupied suboptimal areas.

Greater Dispersal of Wild Compared with Hatchery-Reared Juvenile Atlantic Salmon Released in Streams

1969 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 1867-1876 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip E. K. Symons
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Release Site ◽  
Wild Fish ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
Juvenile Atlantic Salmon

When wild juvenile (parr) Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) caught by electrofishing, and an equal number of hatchery-reared parr, matched for size with the wild ones, were released at three sites in unfamiliar streams containing resident parr, more hatchery-reared than wild parr could be observed by skin-diving in the areas 1 and 2 weeks later.Observed mortalities of wild parr were not sufficiently higher than those of hatchery parr to explain this result. Nor could a higher proportion of wild parr be found hiding compared with hatchery parr when one release site was electrofished a week after the release. Wild parr were found in greater numbers at points farther from one of the release sites than were hatchery-reared parr, and also more wild fish passed through a salmon counting fence approximately 100 m from a fourth release site than did hatchery-reared parr.This greater dispersal of wild parr from the release site compared with hatchery parr has important consequences to estimates of comparative survival between the two stocks.

Ca2+ handling and oxidative capacity are greatly impaired in swimming muscles of hatchery-reared versus wild Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)

2008 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katja Anttila ◽  
Matti Järvilehto ◽  
Satu Mänttäri
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
White Muscle ◽  
Oxidative Capacity ◽  
Wild Fish ◽  
Muscle Performance ◽  
Calcium Handling ◽  
Relative Level ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
Red Muscle

The swimming capacity of fish is strongly associated with muscle performance, although the prerequisites for effective movements have not been fully described at the molecular level. To compare the condition of swimming musculature of hatchery-reared Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) with that of wild fish, we analyzed the relative level of two excitation–contraction coupling components (i.e., dihydropyridine receptor (DHPR) and ryanodine receptor (RyR)) and the oxidative capacity of muscles with histochemical and Western blot methods. The density of DHPR and RyR was considerably higher in swimming muscles of wild fingerlings (age 0+) (109.8% and 123.3% in red muscle; 128.6% and 186.0% in white muscle, respectively) and yearlings (age 1+) (153.5% and 459.1% in red muscle; 131.2% and 858.4% in white muscle) as compared with those in reared fish. Similar difference was also observed in the oxidative capacity of muscles. Moreover, the oxidative activity correlated positively with the level of DHPR and RyR. Our data indicate that calcium handling, as well as oxidative capacity of swimming muscles of reared salmon, is clearly separable from the corresponding capacities of wild fish. We suggest that the observed alteration is a major contributing factor to the well-documented differences in swimming ability between wild and hatchery-reared salmon.

River Spawning of Artificially Reconditioned Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar)

1989 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 824-826 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Gauthier ◽  
L. Desjardins ◽  
J. A. Robitaille ◽  
Y. Vigneault
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Wild Fish ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
Natural Spawning ◽  
Spawning Area ◽  
Present Information

We present information on the reproduction of artificially reconditioned Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in an enclosed spawning area and report evidence that some of these fish are fit for natural spawning 1 yr after their previous reproduction as wild fish, in spite of numerous treatments and manipulations.

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