Effect of Female Size, Egg Size, and Water Temperature on Developmental Biology of Chum Salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) from the Nitinat River, British Columbia

1985 ◽  
Vol 42 (11) ◽  
pp. 1755-1765 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terry D. Beacham ◽  
Clyde B. Murray
Keyword(s):  
Chum Salmon ◽  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Size Class ◽  
Oncorhynchus Keta ◽  
Female Size ◽  
Egg Survival ◽  
Small Female ◽  
Size Classes ◽  
Chum Salmon Oncorhynchus Keta

We incubated eggs and alevins for five chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) families in each of three female size classes under controlled water temperatures of 4, 8, and 12 °C. Egg survival from fertilization to hatching was highest for eggs from small females and lowest for eggs from large females at all three incubation temperatures. Egg survival was highest at 8 °C, and at 4 °C survival rates were largely determined from fertilization to epiboly, but at 12 °C the lowest egg survival rates were recorded from eye pigmentation to hatching. There were marked differences in egg survival rates among families. Overall survival rates from egg fertilization to fry emergence were most divergent between the large and small female size class at 12 °C. Hatching time of the alevins and emergence time of the fry were similar among the three female size classes at each incubation temperature. Alevins hatching at 4 °C were the longest, but those hatching at 12 °C were the heaviest. Larger females produced alevins with both more yolk reserves and more body tissue at hatching than those from smaller females. The relation between egg weight and subsequent alevin size was dependent upon incubation temperature. At emergence, the longest and heaviest fry were produced by the largest female size class.

Adaptive Variation in Body Size, Age, Morphology, Egg Size, and Developmental Biology of Chum Salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) in British Columbia

1987 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 244-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. D. Beacham ◽  
C. B. Murray
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Biology ◽  
British Columbia ◽  
Chum Salmon ◽  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Lower Number ◽  
Small Rivers ◽  
Oncorhynchus Keta ◽  
Meristic Characters ◽  
Chum Salmon Oncorhynchus Keta

Chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) stocks in British Columbia spawning from August through January and in rivers of different size were surveyed for variation in sex ratios, age composition, meristic characters, morphology, and developmental biology. Males were more abundant than females at the younger (2 and 3 yr of age) and older (5 and 6 yr of age) age-classes. Males had larger heads, thicker caudal peduncles, and larger dorsal fins than did females, but females had larger anal fins than did males. Stocks from large rivers had larger heads, thicker caudal peduncles, and larger fins than did those from small rivers. Chum salmon in an area characterized by a lower number of gillrakers also had a lower number of branchiostegal rays. At the same incubation temperature, alevin hatching time was similar for all stocks examined except those from the Queen Charlotte Islands, which was later than the other stocks. Early-spawning stocks had older fish, larger eggs, and later times of fry emergence than did late-spawning stocks. Late-spawning stocks had higher survival rates of embryos at 4 °C than did early-spawning ones. Stocks had different trends in alevin and fry length and weight with respect to incubation temperature. Northern stocks were more efficient than southern stocks at converting egg yolk to fry body weight at low incubation temperatures (4 °C). Selection has produced stocks adapted to the various environments that they encounter in their natal streams, allowing chum salmon to exploit a wide variety of spawning habitats in British Columbia.

Comparative Developmental Biology of Chum Salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) from the Fraser River, British Columbia

1986 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 252-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terry D. Beacham ◽  
Clyde B. Murray
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Biology ◽  
Chum Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Keta ◽  
Fraser River ◽  
Egg Survival ◽  
Tissue Weight ◽  
Chum Salmon Oncorhynchus Keta ◽  
Hatching Time ◽  
Spawning Time ◽  
Incubation Temperatures

Eggs and alevins from 32 families of chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) from seven Fraser River stocks spawning at different times or in different tributaries were incubated in controlled water temperatures of 4, 8, and 12 °C. There were significant differences in egg and alevin survival among stocks and among families within stocks in the different incubation temperatures. Highest egg survival for a late-spawning Vedder River stock occurred at 4 °C, while egg survival from other stocks was highest at 8 °C. Late-spawning stocks had smaller eggs and earlier times of fry emergence than did early-spawning ones. There was no effect of spawning time on alevin hatching time. Alevins hatching at 8 °C were larger than those hatching at 4 or 12 °C, but there were no stock differences in alevin length or tissue weight. Stocks with greater egg sizes produced alevins of greater total weight. Fry emerging at 8 °C were larger than those emerging at 4 or 12 °C, and fry from early-spawning stocks were longer and had greater tissue weight than those from late-spawning ones. There were significant differences among families within stocks in size of alevins and fry, and family differences should be accounted for in studies of salmonid developmental biology.

The effect of spawning time and incubation temperature on meristic variation in chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta)

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. D. Beacham ◽  
C. B. Murray
Keyword(s):  
Chum Salmon ◽  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
Oncorhynchus Keta ◽  
Gill Rakers ◽  
Dorsal Fin ◽  
Chum Salmon Oncorhynchus Keta ◽  
Fin Rays ◽  
Spawning Stock ◽  
Spawning Time ◽  
Pelvic Fin

Variability in the number of dorsal, anal, caudal, pectoral, and pelvic fin rays, vertebrae, and gill rakers of early and late spawning stocks of Chehalis River chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) incubated under controlled water temperatures of 4, 8, and 12 °C was examined. The early spawning stock had fewer dorsal fin rays, more anal fin rays, fewer pectoral and pelvic fin rays, and fewer gill rakers than did the late spawning stock. Chum salmon originally incubated at 4 °C had the lowest number of dorsal fin rays, but the highest number of vertebrae and gill rakers. Chum salmon originally incubated at 8 °C had the highest number of anal fin rays, and those incubated at 12 °C had the highest number of pectoral fin rays. Meristic phenotypes had both a genetic and an environmental component.

Effects of transferring pink (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) and chum (Oncorhynchus keta) salmon embryos at different developmental stages to a low incubation temperature

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terry D. Beacham ◽  
Clyde B. Murray
Keyword(s):  
Chum Salmon ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
Pink Salmon ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Oncorhynchus Gorbuscha ◽  
Oncorhynchus Keta ◽  
Cell Stage ◽  
Embryo Survival ◽  
Eye Pigmentation

We transferred embryos of pink (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) and chum (Oncorhynchus keta) salmon from 8 to 2 °C at five stages of development: 16-cell stage, blastula stage, completion of epiboly, early eye pigmentation, and late eye pigmentation. Survival rates of the embryos increased the later in development that they were transferred to 2 °C. All pink salmon blastulas transferred died, whereas 50% of chum salmon blastulas transferred survived until hatching. After epiboly was complete, survival rates of the embryos subsequently transferred to 2 °C were usually in excess of 75%. Chum salmon embryos had higher survival rates than did pink salmon embryos at all transfer stages. Significant differences were found in embryo survival rates among stocks within species and among families within stocks. Fry from early-spawning chum salmon took longer for exogenous yolk absorption ("button-up") than did those from late-spawning ones. Alevins and fry from early transfers were generally smaller than those from later ones. Different trends in embryo and alevin survival rates and alevin and fry size among stocks within species and among families within stocks were assumed to be indicative of adaptive variation to variable natural incubation environments.

Development of an ELISA for Chum Salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) Growth Hormone

1997 ◽  
Vol 117 (3) ◽  
pp. 387-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haruhisa Fukada ◽  
Naoshi Hiramatsu ◽  
Koichiro Gen ◽  
Akihiko Hara
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Chum Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Keta ◽  
Chum Salmon Oncorhynchus Keta

scholarly journals Correlation Between Geographic Distance and Genetic Distance in Populations of Chum Salmon Oncorhynchus keta

1982 ◽  
Vol 48 (12) ◽  
pp. 1703-1709 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akihiro KIJIMA ◽  
Yoshihisa FUJIO
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Distance ◽  
Chum Salmon ◽  
Geographic Distance ◽  
Oncorhynchus Keta ◽  
Chum Salmon Oncorhynchus Keta

Relationships between maturational status and migration behavior of homing chum salmon Oncorhynchus keta in inner bays of the sanriku coast

2021 ◽  
pp. 113896
Author(s):  
Shigenori Nobata ◽  
Takashi Kitagawa ◽  
Shouji Houki ◽  
Motohiro Ito ◽  
Yoshinori Aoki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chum Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Keta ◽  
Migration Behavior ◽  
Sanriku Coast ◽  
Chum Salmon Oncorhynchus Keta ◽  
And Migration

scholarly journals Neural Stem Cells/Neuronal Precursor Cells and Postmitotic Neuroblasts in Constitutive Neurogenesis and After ,Traumatic Injury to the Mesencephalic Tegmentum of Juvenile Chum Salmon, Oncorhynchus keta

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 65
Author(s):  
Pushchina ◽  
Kapustyanov ◽  
Varaksin
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Neural Stem Cells ◽  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Chum Salmon ◽  
Precursor Cells ◽  
Oncorhynchus Keta ◽  
Neuronal Precursor ◽  
Chum Salmon Oncorhynchus Keta ◽  
Neuronal Precursor Cells ◽  
Juvenile Chum Salmon

The proliferation of neural stem cells (NSCs)/neuronal precursor cells (NPCs) and the occurrence of postmitotic neuroblasts in the mesencephalic tegmentum of intact juvenile chum salmon, Oncorhynchus keta, and at 3 days after a tegmental injury, were studied by immunohistochemical labeling. BrdU+ constitutive progenitor cells located both in the periventricular matrix zone and in deeper subventricular and parenchymal layers of the brain are revealed in the tegmentum of juvenile chum salmon. As a result of traumatic damage to the tegmentum, the proliferation of resident progenitor cells of the neuroepithelial type increases. Nestin-positive and vimentin-positive NPCs and granules located in the periventricular and subventricular matrix zones, as well as in the parenchymal regions of the tegmentum, are revealed in the mesencephalic tegmentum of juvenile chum salmon, which indicates a high level of constructive metabolism and constitutive neurogenesis. The expression of vimentin and nestin in the extracellular space, as well as additionally in the NSCs and NPCs of the neuroepithelial phenotype, which do not express nestin in the control animals, is enhanced during the traumatic process. As a result of the proliferation of such cells in the post-traumatic period, local Nes+ and Vim+ NPCs clusters are formed and become involved in the reparative response. Along with the primary traumatic lesion, which coincides with the injury zone, additional Nes+ and Vim+ secondary lesions are observed to form in the adjacent subventricular and parenchymal zones of the tegmentum. In the lateral tegmentum, the number of doublecortin-positive cells is higher compared to that in the medial tegmentum, which determines the different intensities and rates of neuronal differentiation in the sensory and motor regions of the tegmentum, respectively. In periventricular regions remote from the injury, the expression of doublecortin in single cells and their groups significantly increases compared to that in the damage zone.

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