Microbiological Characteristics of White Whale (Delphinapterus leucas) From Capture Through Extended Captivity

1989 ◽  
Vol 46 (11) ◽  
pp. 1914-1921 ◽  
Author(s):  
John D. Buck ◽  
L. Louise Shepard ◽  
Patricia M. Bubucis ◽  
Stephen Spotte ◽  
Kate McClave ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Marine Mammals ◽  
Pasteurella Multocida ◽  
Extended Period ◽  
Delphinapterus Leucas ◽  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
Beluga Whales ◽  
Vibrio Fluvialis ◽  
Microbiological Characteristics ◽  
In Captivity

For proper husbandry, it is important to sample the environment from which marine mammals for captivity are taken and to monitor the animals frequently over an extended period. Samples for microbiological analysis were collected from 20 beluga whales during capture in the Churchill River. Seven animals were retained in three U.S. aquaria with anal and blowhole cultures taken over a 945-d period. Bacteria isolated from whales at capture included many soil and water forms found also in environmental samples. Pasteurella multocida was isolated from three whales at capture and infrequently several times in captivity from two of these which were studied the most intensively. From this latter group maintained at Mystic (CT) Marinelife Aquarium, the most frequently recovered bacteria from both animals were members of the Achromobacter-Acinetobacter-Alcaligenes-CDC IV E-Moraxella-Pasteurella-Pseudomonas group, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas putrefaciens, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus faecalis, and Vibrio fluvialis. Only one of these whales yielded cultures of Klebsiella pneumoniae, Plesiomonas shigelloides, and coagulase positive Staphylococcus aureus. Species of Acinetobacter, Aeromonas, Pseudomonas, and Vibrio were most common in whales maintained at the other aquaria although, as noted for animals at Mystic, several species were isolated from some samples and were absent in others.

scholarly journals Mapping Arctic cetaceans from space: A case study for beluga and narwhal

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. e0254380
Author(s):  
Bertrand Charry ◽  
Emily Tissier ◽  
John Iacozza ◽  
Marianne Marcoux ◽  
Cortney A. Watt
Keyword(s):  
Satellite Imagery ◽  
Marine Mammals ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Open Water ◽  
Delphinapterus Leucas ◽  
Baffin Island ◽  
Beluga Whales ◽  
The North ◽  
Maximum Resolution

Emergence of new technologies in remote sensing give scientists a new way to detect and monitor wildlife populations. In this study we assess the ability to detect and classify two emblematic Arctic cetaceans, the narwhal (Monodon monoceros) and beluga whale (Delphinapterus leucas), using very high-resolution (VHR) satellite imagery. We analyzed 12 VHR images acquired in August 2017 and 2019, collected by the WorldView-3 satellite, which has a maximum resolution of 0.31 m per pixel. The images covered Clearwater Fiord (138.8 km2), an area on eastern Baffin Island, Canada where belugas spend a large part of the summer, and Tremblay Sound (127.0 km2), a narrow water body located on the north shore of Baffin Island that is used by narwhals during the open water season. A total of 292 beluga whales and 109 narwhals were detected in the images. This study contributes to our understanding of Arctic cetacean distribution and highlights the capabilities of using satellite imagery to detect marine mammals.

Organochlorines and Marine Mammal Reproduction

1989 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 360-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. F. Addison
Keyword(s):  
Marine Mammals ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Biological Information ◽  
Delphinapterus Leucas ◽  
Beluga Whales ◽  
Sea Lions ◽  
Harbour Seals ◽  
Pusa Hispida ◽  
Biochemical Mechanisms ◽  
Bothnian Bay

Reproductive failures in four populations of marine mammals (Californian sea lions (Zalophus californianus), Bothnian Bay ringed seals (Pusa hispida), Dutch Waddensee harbour seals (Phoca vitulina), and most recently, Gulf of St. Lawrence beluga whales (Delphinapterus leucas)) have been attributed to the effects of contamination by organochlorine (OC) residues. In this article, I review the evidence for these effects. I conclude that since (a) crucial biological information in the light of which OC residue data can be interpreted is often missing, (b) the nature of the supposed reproductive effect is variable, and (c) the OC residues to which these effects are attributed vary qualitatively and quantitatively, correlations between observed residue concentrations and apparent reproductive changes do not provide any firm evidence for a cause – effect relationship. In a single experimental study, a diet with a higher OC content than that used as a control impaired reproduction in harbour seals; however, dietary components other than OC content also differed. Although there appears to be no firm correlative evidence sinking residue concentrations in marine mammals with reproductive effects, there is enough concern about possible links to justify more experimental studies, with the aim of identifying the possible biochemical mechanisms involved.

Adaptive Changes in Hematologic and Plasma Chemical Constituents in Captive Beluga Whales, Delphinapterus leucas

1989 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 796-803 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. St. Aubin ◽  
J. R. Geraci
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Cell Mass ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Delphinapterus Leucas ◽  
Hudson Bay ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Beluga Whales ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
Acute Changes ◽  
Oxygen Carrying Capacity

Forty-two beluga whales, Delphinapterus leucas, were captured in the Seal and Churchill River estuaries in western Hudson Bay during July, 1985 and 1987. Blood samples were drawn from each whale, and analyzed for cellular elements, electrolytes, metabolites, enzymes, proteins, and adrenocortical hormones. Most of the whales were released immediately after sampling; six were maintained in holding facilities for 10 k during 1985. Blood samples drawn during the early stages of acclimation to captivity, and at irregular intervals thereafter, revealed the variety of metabolic adjustments that accompanied the transition to captivity. The stress and exertion of capture resulted in increased levels of aldosterone, Cortisol, glucose, iron, potassium, and the enzymes creatine kinase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and γ-glutamyltranspeptidase. Acute changes in leucocytes included lymphopenia, eosinopenia, and mild neutrophilia. Most of these indices normalized within the first week in captivity. Progressive changes were noted in triglycerides and creatinine, reflecting the whales' altered diet and caloric intake. A steady decline in red cell mass was indicative of reduced demands on oxygen carrying capacity, and provided a clue to the significance of low hematocrits reported for whales sampled after several weeks in shallow estuaries.

scholarly journals Aerial Survey Estimates of Abundance of the Eastern Chukchi Sea Stock of Beluga Whales (Delphinapterus leucas) in 2012

ARCTIC ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lloyd F. Lowry ◽  
Michael C.S. Kingsley ◽  
Donna D.W. Hauser ◽  
Janet Clarke ◽  
Robert Suydam
Keyword(s):  
Alaska Native ◽  
Marine Mammals ◽  
Chukchi Sea ◽  
Aerial Survey ◽  
Delphinapterus Leucas ◽  
Line Transect ◽  
Beluga Whales ◽  
Abundance Estimate ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Survey Estimates

The eastern Chukchi Sea (ECS) stock of beluga whales is one of three stocks in western Alaska that are co-managed by the National Marine Fisheries Service and the Alaska Beluga Whale Committee. Abundance of this stock was estimated as 3710 in 1991 from incomplete data. Analysis of data from satellite-linked time-depth recorders (SDRs) attached to belugas in summer concentration areas of the ECS and Beaufort Sea (BS) stocks provided an overview of beluga distribution and movements and allowed the identification of an area (140˚ W to 157˚ W in the BS) and a time period (19 July – 20 August) in which the distributions of the two stocks do not overlap. Aerial survey data were collected by the Aerial Surveys of Arctic Marine Mammals (ASAMM) project in that region and time period in 2012. We used those data in a line transect analysis that estimated there were 5547 (CV = 0.22) surface-visible belugas in the study area. Data from SDRs were used to develop correction factors to account for animals that were missed because they were either outside of the study area or diving too deep to be seen, resulting in a total abundance estimate of 20 752 (CV = 0.70). The average annual Alaska Native subsistence harvest from the ECS stock (57) is about 0.3% of the population estimate. Without data collected by the ASAMM project and from satellite-linked tags, this analysis would not have been possible. Additional surveys and tagging of ECS belugas are warranted.

scholarly journals Community-Based Observations of Marine Mammal Occurrences in Groswater Bay, Labrador

2013 ◽  
Vol 127 (1) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Keith G. Chaulk ◽  
Daniel Michelin ◽  
Melva Williams ◽  
Tony Wolfrey
Keyword(s):  
Marine Mammal ◽  
Marine Mammals ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Delphinapterus Leucas ◽  
Balaenoptera Acutorostrata ◽  
Mammal Species ◽  
Industrial Growth ◽  
Beluga Whales ◽  
Oil And Gas Exploration ◽  
Minke Whales

Experienced observers from the community of Rigolet, Newfoundland and Labrador, recorded marine mammal observations at Rigolet on the coast of Labrador from July to September 2012. During this study, a total of nine species of marine mammals were documented. A daily average of 2.6 (range 1–5) marine mammal species were observed, with Harp Seals (Pagophilus groenlandicus) and Common Minke Whales (Balaenoptera acutorostrata) being the most common. The area is thought to be regionally important for Ringed Seal (Pusa hispida) whelping; however, Ringed Seals were not observed in large numbers. Beluga Whales (Delphinapterus leucas) were also reported anecdotally, but were less common than the other species, with the possible exception of the Harbour Porpoise (Phocoena phocoena). Labrador is experiencing significant industrial growth related to hydroelectric development and offshore oil and gas exploration. These data should aid environmental assessment and environmental effects monitoring and assist researchers in understanding regional marine mammal ecology, including species diversity, seasonal occurrence, and relative abundance.

scholarly journals Seasonal Trends in Acoustic Detection of Marine Mammals in Baffin Bay and Melville Bay, Northwest Greenland + Supplementary Appendix 1 (See Article Tools)

ARCTIC ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Héloïse Frouin-Mouy ◽  
Katie Kowarski ◽  
Bruce Martin ◽  
Koen Bröker
Keyword(s):  
Marine Mammals ◽  
Migration Pattern ◽  
Hydrocarbon Exploration ◽  
Bowhead Whale ◽  
Delphinapterus Leucas ◽  
Physeter Macrocephalus ◽  
Mating Period ◽  
Baffin Bay ◽  
Beluga Whales ◽  
Novel Approach

The expansion of hydrocarbon exploration in northwest Greenland has made it increasingly important to understand the occurrence of marine mammals in the region. We describe the seasonal occurrence of marine mammals and the spatial distribution of their calls in Baffin Bay and Melville Bay. Four Autonomous Multichannel Acoustic Recorders (AMARs) were deployed during summer 2012 (late July to early October), five recorders during September 2013, and two recorders from late September 2013 to early September 2014. The call presence of several species was analyzed using automatic call detection and manual verification analysis methods. A novel approach to discern narwhal (Monodon monoceros) clicks from beluga (Delphinapterus leucas) clicks was implemented during the verification process. Narwhal calls were detected in spring and fall, showing a south-to-north migration pattern in spring and a north-to-south migration pattern in fall. Few beluga whales were detected during fall 2013 and spring 2014. Bearded seal (Erignathus barbatus) calls were detected mainly during spring (mating period). A small number of bowhead whale calls (Balaena mysticetus) were detected during fall 2013 and spring and summer 2014. For the first time at this latitude in Baffin Bay, long-finned pilot whales (Globicephala melas) and sperm whales (Physeter macrocephalus) were detected during summer and fall. Our results suggest that the presence of marine mammals in Baffin Bay and Melville Bay is governed mainly by the annual cycle of sea ice formation and decay.

Untersuchungen zur aeroben bakteriellen Besiedlung der Vaginalschleimhaut klinisch gesunder Kätzinnen

2004 ◽  
Vol 32 (02) ◽  
pp. 88-91
Author(s):  
Susanne Kloß ◽  
A. Wehrend ◽  
Astrid König ◽  
H. Bostedt
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Pasteurella Multocida ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Klinische Relevanz ◽  
Staphylococcus Intermedius

Zusammenfassung: Gegenstand und Ziel: Im Gegensatz zur Hündin liegen bei der Katze bisher wenige Studien über die genitale Keimflora geschlechtsgesunder Tiere vor. Ziel der Untersuchung war daher, physiologische Daten über die aerobe Vaginalflora bei dieser Spezies zu gewinnen. Material und Methoden: Für die vorliegende Studie standen 26 gesunde, anöstrische Katzen zur Verfügung, die zu einer Ovariohysterektomie vorgestellt wurden. Nach einer klinischen Untersuchung wurden von allen Probanden unter sterilen Bedingungen Vaginaltupfer entnommen. Ergebnisse: In allen Proben konnte ein Bakterienwachstum mit durchschnittlich zwei verschiedenen Bakterienspezies nachgewiesen werden. Die Gesamtkeimgehalte wurden bei 50% der Vaginaltupferproben als gering-, bei 15% als mittel- und bei 35% als hochgradig beurteilt. Vorherrschend waren Mischkulturen aus zwei bis vier verschiedenen Keimarten. Monokulturen wurden aus 38% der Tupferproben isoliert. Am häufigsten gelang der Nachweis von E. coli variatio haemolytica (E. coli var. haem.) (58%) und Staphylococcus epidermidis (42%). Als weitere Spezies wurden E. coli, α-, β-hämolysierende Streptokokken, anhämolysierende Streptokokken, aerobe Bazillen, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus intermedius, Pasteurella multocida sowie Klebsiellen isoliert. Auffällig ist die hohe Nachweisrate von E. coli var. haem. mit 35% in Mischkulturen und 23% in Reinkultur. Schlussfolgerungen: Die physiologische Mikroflora der felinen Vaginalschleimhaut differiert deutlich von der der anöstrischen Hündin. Besonders die Dominanz von E. coli var. haem. in 38% der Mischkulturen und 23% der Monokulturen bei der Katze ist hervorzuheben. Klinische Relevanz: Die vorliegenden Ergebnisse geben eine erste Grundlage für die Interpretation mikrobiologischer Befunde feliner Vaginaltupfer.

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