Length-specific Weight as a Measure of Growth Success of Adult Atlantic Herring (Clupea harengus)

1994 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 1169-1179 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. H. Winters ◽  
J. P. Wheeler
Keyword(s):  
Specific Weight ◽  
Clupea Harengus ◽  
Annual Production ◽  
Atlantic Herring ◽  
Reliable Index ◽  
Northwest Atlantic ◽  
Surplus Energy ◽  
Weak Evidence ◽  
Annual Changes ◽  
Dependent Growth

We used length-specific weight (i.e., condition) to evaluate growth success of seven stocks of adult Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus) in the Northwest Atlantic. Condition of adult Atlantic herring showed large annual changes as a consequence of abundance-dependent effects. This contradicts the general conclusion that adult herring growth contains little abundance-dependent variation. The published literature, however, is based mainly on traditional growth estimators such as annual length increments which measure only a marginal fraction of annual production whereas condition reflects the seasonal accumulation and depletion of energy and therefore can provide a reliable index of total annual production. We found that annual changes in condition of adult Atlantic herring were only weakly correlated with traditional length-based growth estimates. We concluded that the weak evidence for abundance-dependent growth of adult herring in the literature is a consequence of inappropriate growth estimators. The implication of this finding is that the acquisition of surplus energy by herring can be abundance dependent whereas annual increases in length may not.

Egg Weight, Fecundity, and Gonad Weight Variability among Northwest Atlantic Herring (Clupea harengus) Populations

1992 ◽  
Vol 49 (10) ◽  
pp. 2045-2054 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodney G. Bradford ◽  
Robert L. Stephenson
Keyword(s):  
Clupea Harengus ◽  
Gonad Maturation ◽  
Atlantic Herring ◽  
Gonad Weight ◽  
Maturation Period ◽  
Egg Weight ◽  
Northwest Atlantic ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Ripe Ovary ◽  
Storage Energy

Egg weight varies among northwest Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus) populations that spawn in different seasons (n = 12), but the range in weights is less than half of that known for northeast Atlantic populations. Egg weights were similar for both spring (May–June)- and autumn (August–October)-spawning herring (1.06 ×) and most dissimilar between spring- and summer (July)-spawning herring (1.21 ×). Mean population egg weights were not correlated with temperature either at spawning or for the last 2 mo of the egg development period. The product of egg weight and fecundity (standardized to length) differed between spring- and autumn-spawning herring of the southern Gulf of St. Lawrence. Spring-spawners, particularly smaller fish [Formula: see text], have lower ripe ovary weights than do autumn-spawning herring. Differences between spawning seasons in the relative allocation of storage energy to gonad and metabolism, a process mediated by the duration of the gonad maturation period, are the likely basis for the observed patterns.

Bioenergetics of Stock and Recruitment

1980 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 1012-1024 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. Ware
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Optimal Foraging ◽  
Reproductive Effort ◽  
Clupea Harengus ◽  
Recruitment Curve ◽  
Density Dependent ◽  
Surplus Energy ◽  
Dependent Growth ◽  
Stock And Recruitment

A new concept of recruitment is derived from bioenergetic considerations of life history phenomena. The proposed mechanism has two components, a stock-dependent process where individual reproductive effort is a decreasing function of the abundance of the mature stock, and a density-dependent mortality process which operates during the prerecruit stage. A generalized equation describing these processes yields a family of recruitment curves which vary from being asymptotic to dome-shaped, depending on the parameter values. The theory suggests that species like Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus harengus) which tend to have small density-dependent growth coefficients and which allocate most of their surplus energy to reproduction should have a small terminal body size, a high length at maturity to L∞ ratio, and a nearly asymptotic recruitment curve. By contrast, gadoids follow a different life history strategy and therefore should have a higher L∞ and more convex recruitment function. These consequences are shown to be in accord with observed differences in L∞ and with the graded series of recruitment curves found for a wide range of marine fish stocks. From a more general viewpoint, analysis of the energy dynamics of natural populations suggests that (1) there is a real — as opposed to inferred — limit to growth, L∞, which in many species is probably determined by their reproductive effort; (2) the increase in surplus energy with body size can be linked to the theory of optimal foraging; and (3) the intensity of density-dependent growth, which influences the shape of the recruitment curve, is an increasing function of the generation time of the prey organisms of different species. Thus gadoids tend to have dome-shaped reproduction curves because they feed on slow-maturing prey, which can be overcropped by large year-classes.Key words: stock and recruitment, bioenergetics, optimal foraging, growth, reproduction, life history strategies

scholarly journals Consecutive acoustic observations of an Atlantic herring school in the Northwest Atlantic

2009 ◽  
Vol 66 (6) ◽  
pp. 1270-1277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas C. Weber ◽  
Héctor Peña ◽  
J. Michael Jech
Keyword(s):  
Angular Dependence ◽  
Clupea Harengus ◽  
Atlantic Herring ◽  
Georges Bank ◽  
Northwest Atlantic ◽  
Multibeam Echosounder ◽  
Fish School ◽  
Catch Data ◽  
Trawl Catch ◽  
Synoptic Observations

Abstract Weber, T. C., Peña, H., and Jech, J. M. 2009. Consecutive acoustic observations of an Atlantic herring school in the Northwest Atlantic. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 66: 1270–1277. Several successive images of the same school of Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus) were collected over the course of ∼1 h just north of Georges Bank in the Northwest Atlantic. Although the fish may not have been in their natural, undisturbed state, we observed what appeared to be the fish school fragmenting and dispersing, using a split-beam and a multibeam echosounder. Calibrated, 38 kHz, split-beam echosounder (Simrad EK60) and trawl-catch data provided accurate measures of the fish density beneath the vessel. Uncalibrated, 400 kHz, multibeam-echosounder (Reson 7125) data provided synoptic observations of the fish school including estimates of the school volume, morphology, and behaviour. Observations of the angular dependence in the multibeam-echosounder measurements of backscatter from fish allow investigation of the efficacy of extrapolating fish-school densities measured by the split-beam echosounder to the entire school.

scholarly journals Adult body growth and reproductive investment vary markedly within and across Atlantic and Pacific herring: a meta-analysis and review of 26 stocks

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thassya C. dos Santos Schmidt ◽  
Doug E. Hay ◽  
Svein Sundby ◽  
Jennifer A. Devine ◽  
Guðmundur J. Óskarsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Egg Size ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Reproductive Investment ◽  
Body Growth ◽  
Clupea Harengus ◽  
Pacific Herring ◽  
Atlantic Herring ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Investment In Reproduction

AbstractLife-history traits of Pacific (Clupea pallasii) and Atlantic (Clupea harengus) herring, comprising both local and oceanic stocks subdivided into summer-autumn and spring spawners, were extensively reviewed. The main parameters investigated were body growth, condition, and reproductive investment. Body size of Pacific herring increased with increasing latitude. This pattern was inconsistent for Atlantic herring. Pacific and local Norwegian herring showed comparable body conditions, whereas oceanic Atlantic herring generally appeared stouter. Among Atlantic herring, summer and autumn spawners produced many small eggs compared to spring spawners, which had fewer but larger eggs—findings agreeing with statements given several decades ago. The 26 herring stocks we analysed, when combined across distant waters, showed clear evidence of a trade-off between fecundity and egg size. The size-specific individual variation, often ignored, was substantial. Additional information on biometrics clarified that oceanic stocks were generally larger and had longer life spans than local herring stocks, probably related to their longer feeding migrations. Body condition was only weakly, positively related to assumingly in situ annual temperatures (0–30 m depth). Contrarily, body growth (cm × y−1), taken as an integrator of ambient environmental conditions, closely reflected the extent of investment in reproduction. Overall, Pacific and local Norwegian herring tended to cluster based on morphometric and reproductive features, whereas oceanic Atlantic herring clustered separately. Our work underlines that herring stocks are uniquely adapted to their habitats in terms of trade-offs between fecundity and egg size whereas reproductive investment mimics the productivity of the water in question.

scholarly journals Elemental Inventory in Fish Otoliths Reflects Natal Origin of Atlantic Herring (Clupea harengus) From Baltic Sea Juvenile Areas

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorothee Moll ◽  
Paul Kotterba ◽  
Klaus Peter Jochum ◽  
Lena von Nordheim ◽  
Patrick Polte
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Clupea Harengus ◽  
Atlantic Herring ◽  
Natal Origin ◽  
Fish Otoliths

scholarly journals Isolation of viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus from Atlantic herring Clupea harengus from the English Channel

1997 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 81-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
PF Dixon ◽  
S Feist ◽  
E Kehoe ◽  
L Parry ◽  
DM Stone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clupea Harengus ◽  
Atlantic Herring ◽  
English Channel ◽  
Haemorrhagic Septicaemia ◽  
Viral Haemorrhagic Septicaemia Virus

Mortality and Annual Changes in Distribution of Above-Ground Biomass in an Aspen Sucker Stand

1971 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 262-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. F. W. Pollard
Keyword(s):  
Annual Production ◽  
Above Ground Biomass ◽  
Net Production ◽  
Ground Biomass ◽  
Insufficient Time ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Annual Changes ◽  
Diameter Classes

Biomass (stems and branches) increased from 17 000 kg h−1 in the 4th year to 34 000 kg h−1 in the 7th year of development of an aspen sucker stand. The bulk of the biomass was distributed in the middle and upper diameter classes of shoots; net annual increases only occurred in the upper classes. About 80% of shoots dying in the 3 years of study were less than 2 cm dbh; the biomass lost in these amounted to 200 kg h−1 or less each year. The remaining 20% mortality occurred in the 7th year among shoots 2–5 cm dbh infected with Diplodiatumefaciens. Biomass lost in these larger shoots amounted to 4 900 kg h−1; this was close to the discrepancy between net production (stems and branches) in the 7th year (2600 kg h−1 per annum) and net production in the 5th and 6th years (about 7000 kg h−1 per annum.) Results suggest that although high rates of net annual production are obtainable in short rotations, the mean annual production is strongly influenced by disease because of insufficient time for enhanced growth of survivors.

Interaction Between Stock Area, Stock Abundance, and Catchability Coefficient

1985 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 989-998 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. H. Winters ◽  
J. P. Wheeler
Keyword(s):  
Stock Assessment ◽  
Population Decline ◽  
Clupea Harengus ◽  
Atlantic Herring ◽  
Population Abundance ◽  
Commercial Catch ◽  
Standard Manner ◽  
Clupea Harengus Harengus ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Stock Abundance

The relationship between commercial catch-rates and population density upon which many stock assessment models depend assumes that stock area (A) is constant and independent of population abundance. Starting from a theoretical demonstration that the catchability coefficient (q) is inversely proportional to A, we establish the empirical basis of this relationship through comparisons of q and A of various Northwest Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus harengus) stocks and, in more detail, for Fortune Bay herring. For these stocks the relationship was of the form q = cA−b. For Atlantic herring stocks, levels of b were in excess of 0.80. In Fortune Bay herring, reductions in abundance were accompanied by proportional reductions in A, which in turn was inversely correlated with changes in q. School size, measured as catch per set, also declined as population levels declined but the change was not proportional. Published findings indicate that pelagic stocks in particular, and fish stocks in general, exhibit a common response of reductions in A with interactive increases in the q during periods of rapid population decline. We conclude that the conventional assumption of a constant stock area is usually violated due to the systematic interaction between A and population abundance which is reflected in an inverse relationship between stock abundance and q. Calibration of sequential population models should therefore be restricted to research vessel data collected in a standard manner and covering the distributional area of the stock.

Ultrastructural Studies of Piscine Erythrocytic Necrosis (PEN) in Atlantic Herring (Clupea harengus harengus)

1978 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 148-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul W. Reno ◽  
Marie Philippon-Fried ◽  
Bruce L. Nicholson ◽  
Stuart W. Sherburne
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Clupea Harengus ◽  
Type I ◽  
Atlantic Herring ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Inclusion Type ◽  
Cytoplasmic Inclusions ◽  
Ultrastructural Studies ◽  
Clupea Harengus Harengus

Erythrocytes of PEN-positive Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus harengus) were examined to determine their ultrastructure. Cytoplasmic inclusions were of two types when observed under the electron microscope. The first type (type I) appeared coarsely granular, electron dense, round, and up to 1.5 μm in diameter. Virions were closely associated with this type of inclusion. The second type of inclusion (type II) had approximately the same appearance as the surrounding cytoplasm, from which it was separated by a discrete membrane, and was variable in size. Virions were not intimately associated with type II inclusions. Virions occurred singly or in clusters within the cytoplasm or in association with type I inclusions and were hexagonal and 145 nm in diameter. Virions were composed of a rigid hexagonal capsid 8 nm wide, a lighter 16-nm region, and a core 100 nm in diameter. The virus of PEN is presumptively classified as an Iridovirus. Key words: ultrastructure, erythrocytes, virology

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