The Coupling of Heterotrophic Bacterial and Phytoplankton Production in a Hypertrophic, Shallow Prairie Lake

1994 ◽  
Vol 51 (10) ◽  
pp. 2219-2226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard D. Robarts ◽  
Michael T. Arts ◽  
Marlene S. Evans ◽  
Marley J. Waiser
Keyword(s):  
Primary Production ◽  
Bacterial Production ◽  
Thymidine Incorporation ◽  
Chlorophyll Concentration ◽  
Bacterial Biomass ◽  
Cyanobacterial Blooms ◽  
Dominant Factor ◽  
Phytoplankton Production ◽  
Carbon Production ◽  
Prairie Lakes

Data from hypertrophic Humboldt Lake (Zmax = 6 m), Saskatchewan, support published studies indicating that bacterial numbers and production do not increase proportionally with chlorophyll concentration and primary production. There was no compensation for these relationships with increased bacterial production per cell, but our data showed an increase in production per unit bacterial biomass (273 fmol TdR∙μg C−1∙h−1). Bacterial production (19.8–422 mg C∙m−2∙d−1) was correlated with primary production (r = 0.76), and maximum bacterial production coincided with summer cyanobacterial blooms. Water temperature was a dominant factor correlated with bacterial production (r = 0.85) and growth (r = 0.92). Depending upon the factors used to convert the rate of thymidine incorporation to gross carbon production, heterotrophic bacterial production was able to consume an average of 42% (408 mg C∙m−2∙d−1) to 67% (653 mg C∙m−2∙d−1) of plankton primary productivity. Based on these calculations, hypertrophic prairie lakes might accumulate autochthonously produced organic carbon, but this conclusion takes no account of benthic bacterial production which could be high in shallow lakes.

Light, Nutrients, and Water Temperature as Determinants of Phytoplankton Production in Two Saline, Prairie Lakes with High Sulphate Concentrations

1992 ◽  
Vol 49 (11) ◽  
pp. 2281-2290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard D. Robarts ◽  
Marlene S. Evans ◽  
Michael T. Arts
Keyword(s):  
Water Temperature ◽  
Photosynthetic Capacity ◽  
Chlorophyll Concentration ◽  
Euphotic Zone ◽  
Dominant Factor ◽  
Phytoplankton Production ◽  
Dissolved Phosphorus ◽  
Prairie Lakes ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Algal Productivity

Our data support empirical models indicating that algal productivity is low relative to total phosphorus (TP) levels in prairie lakes with high sulphate concentrations. Mean chlorophyll accounted for 91.1% of the variance in euphotic zone primary production (ΣA) in Humboldt Lake (total dissolved solids (TDS) = 3.3 g∙L−1; Zmax = 6 m), while TP, total dissolved phosphorus, and water temperature accounted for 82.7% of ΣA variance in Redberry Lake (TDS = 20.9 g∙L−1; Zmax = 17 m). The relative importance of these variables to ΣA resulted from biological, chemical, and physical differences of these lakes. Light usually penetrated to the bottom of Redberry Lake due to a mean euphotic zone (Zeu) chlorophyll of 1.7 mg∙m−3, while Humboldt Lake's mean Zeu was 3.4 m with a mean chlorophyll concentration of 62.6 mg∙m−3. Chlorophyll was the dominant factor correlated with light penetration in Humboldt Lake (r2 = 0.65) but not in Redberry Lake. Photosynthetic capacity was correlated (r2 = 0.72) with water temperature only in Redberry Lake. The mean ΣA was 57.1 and 230.2 mg C∙m−2∙h−1 for Redberry and Humboldt lakes, respectively.

scholarly journals Rapid carbon cycling in the oligotrophic ocean

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 11661-11687 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. M. Duarte ◽  
S. Agustí
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Primary Production ◽  
Time Scales ◽  
Net Primary Production ◽  
Cell Lysis ◽  
Carbon Flow ◽  
Phytoplankton Production ◽  
Carbon Production ◽  
Phytoplankton Cell ◽  
Net Phytoplankton

Abstract. The dynamics of organic carbon production, release and bacterial use was examined across a range of communities spanning from highly oligotrophic ones in the Subtropical Atlantic Ocean, mesotrophic ones in the Mediterranean Sea and productive ones in the Northern African upwelling and the Southern Ocean. A comparative analysis of experiments examining total and particulate organic carbon production across a range of time scales (15 min to 24 h) for 20 communities with contrasting phytoplankton cell status, as assessed by cell lysis rates, and the use of a simple inverse model was used to resolve patterns of carbon flow in the microbial food web. Communities in productive ocean waters accumulated organic carbon over hourly time scales, whereas only a small fraction of net primary production accumulated in communities from oligotrophic waters. These communities supported high phytoplankton cell lysis rates leading to a rapid flux of organic carbon to bacteria, which had high affinity for phytoplankton-derived carbon, much of which was rapidly respired. Conventional assessments of primary production in the oligotrophic ocean severely underestimate net phytoplankton production, as carbon flow in microbial communities from oligotrophic ocean waters occurs within short (minutes) time scales. This explains difficulties to reconcile estimates of primary production with independent estimates of carbon use by bacteria in oligotrophic marine ecosystems.

Bacterial population dynamics, production, and heterotrophic activity in a recently formed reservoir

1999 ◽  
Vol 45 (9) ◽  
pp. 747-753 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louis B Jugnia ◽  
Rémy D Tadonléké ◽  
T Sime-Ngando ◽  
J Devaux ◽  
C Andrivon
Keyword(s):  
Primary Production ◽  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Resource Availability ◽  
Bacterial Production ◽  
Standing Stock ◽  
Bacterial Biomass ◽  
Heterotrophic Activity ◽  
Chlorophyll A Concentration ◽  
Biological Variables

Seasonal and spatial fluctuations in abundance, biomass production, and potential heterotrophic activity (i.e., 14C-glucose uptake) of bacterioplankton assemblages in a 1-year-old reservoir (the Sep Reservoir, Puy-de-Dôme, France) were examined concurrently with water temperature, phytoplankton chlorophyll a concentration, and primary production (PP). Based on the values observed for these biological variables, the Sep Reservoir was considered to have evolved to an oligo-mesotrophic state. Spatiotemporal variations of bacterial variables were a consequence of the seasonal evolution of the reservoir coupled with the resource availability. Multivariate regression analyses suggest that about 14 and 26% of the variance in bacterial standing stock and activity may be explained by the physical environment (i.e., temperature) and a resource availability index (chlorophyll a concentration or primary production), respectively. A carbon budget indicated that 4-126% (mean = 20%) of the ambient PP may be channeled through the microbial loop via bacterial biomass production. Heterotrophic bacterial production in the Sep Reservoir may therefore, on occasion, represent a significant source of carbon for higher order consumers.Key words: reservoirs, plankton, bacteria, heterotrophic uptake, primary and bacterial production.

scholarly journals Contrasting patterns of carbon cycling and dissolved organic matter processing in two phytoplankton–bacteria communities

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (24) ◽  
pp. 6589-6616
Author(s):  
Samu Elovaara ◽  
Eeva Eronen-Rasimus ◽  
Eero Asmala ◽  
Tobias Tamelander ◽  
Hermanni Kaartokallio
Keyword(s):  
Primary Production ◽  
Bacterial Production ◽  
Bacterial Biomass ◽  
Community Respiration ◽  
Exponential Growth Phase ◽  
Bacterial Respiration ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Optical Signals ◽  
C Cycle ◽  
Microbial Consumption

Abstract. Microbial consumption of phytoplankton-derived organic carbon in the pelagic food web is an important component of the global C cycle. We studied C cycling in two phytoplankton–bacteria systems (non-axenic cultures of a dinoflagellate Apocalathium malmogiense and a cryptophyte Rhodomonas marina) in two complementary experiments. In the first experiment we grew phytoplankton and bacteria in nutrient-replete conditions and followed C processing at early exponential growth phase and twice later when the community had grown denser. Cell-specific primary production and total community respiration were up to 4 and 7 times higher, respectively, in the A. malmogiense treatments. Based on the optical signals, accumulating dissolved organic C (DOC) was degraded more in the R. marina treatments, and the rate of bacterial production to primary production was higher. Thus, the flow of C from phytoplankton to bacteria was relatively higher in R. marina treatments than in A. malmogiense treatments, which was further supported by faster 14C transfer from phytoplankton to bacterial biomass. In the second experiment we investigated consumption of the phytoplankton-derived DOC by bacteria. DOC consumption and transformation, bacterial production, and bacterial respiration were all higher in R. marina treatments. In both experiments A. malmogiense supported a bacterial community predominated by bacteria specialized in the utilization of less labile DOC (class Bacteroidia), whereas R. marina supported a community predominated by copiotrophic Alpha- and Gammaproteobacteria. Our findings suggest that large dinoflagellates cycle relatively more C between phytoplankton biomass and the inorganic C pool, whereas small cryptophytes direct relatively more C to the microbial loop.

Modelling phytoplankton production at shelf-sea fronts

1981 ◽  
Vol 302 (1472) ◽  
pp. 605-615 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
General Theory ◽  
Primary Production ◽  
Turbulent Mixing ◽  
Dominant Factor ◽  
Phytoplankton Production ◽  
Controlled Growth ◽  
Water Motion ◽  
Horizontal Gradients ◽  
Shelf Sea ◽  
Vertical Turbulent Mixing

Large standing crops of phytoplankton are often found in the neighbourhood of shelf-sea fronts. How do these large biomasses come about? Special hypotheses have been proposed, but it seems preferable to treat frontal production in terms of a general theory. By assuming that phytoplankton behave as 'passive contaminants of water motion' and that vertical turbulent mixing is the dominant factor, it is possible to model the distribution of phytoplankton at fronts by means of simple expressions for photosynthesis, nutrient-controlled growth, and grazing. Because of their strong vertical and horizontal gradients, fronts are good places to test such simple models, which might also be applied to primary production in other regions of the ocean.

scholarly journals Contrasting patterns of carbon cycling and DOM processing in two phytoplankton-bacteria communities

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samu Markku Elovaara ◽  
Eeva Liisa Eronen-Rasimus ◽  
Eero Jooseppi Asmala ◽  
Tobias Tamelander ◽  
Hermanni Pekka Kaartokallio
Keyword(s):  
Primary Production ◽  
Bacterial Production ◽  
Bacterial Biomass ◽  
Community Respiration ◽  
Exponential Growth Phase ◽  
Bacterial Respiration ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Optical Signals ◽  
C Cycle ◽  
Microbial Consumption

Abstract. Microbial consumption of phytoplankton-derived organic carbon in the pelagic food web is an important component of the global C cycle. We studied C cycling in two phytoplankton-bacteria systems (non-axenic cultures of a dinoflagellate Apocalathium malmogiense and a cryptophyte Rhodomonas marina) in two experiments. In the first experiment we grew phytoplankton and bacteria in nutrient replete conditions and followed C processing at early exponential growth phase and at two later phases. Primary production and total community respiration were up to 4 and 7 times higher, respectively, in the A. malmogiense treatments. Based on the optical signals, accumulating dissolved organic C (DOC) was degraded more in the R. marina treatments and the rate of bacterial production to primary production was higher. Thus, the flow of C from phytoplankton to bacteria was relatively higher in R. marina treatments than in A. malmogiense treatments which was further supported by faster 14C transfer from phytoplankton to bacterial biomass. In the second experiment we investigated consumption of the phytoplankton-derived DOC by bacteria. DOC consumption and transformation, bacterial production and bacterial respiration were all higher in R. marina treatments. In both experiments A. malmogiense supported a bacterial community predominated by bacteria specialized in the utilization of less labile DOC (class Bacteroidia) whereas R. marina supported a community predominated by copiotrophic Alpha- and Gammaproteobacteria. Our findings suggest that large dinoflagellates cycle relatively more C between phytoplankton biomass and the inorganic C pool whereas small cryptophytes direct relatively more C to the microbial loop.

Primary Production and Phytoplankton in the Experimental Lakes Area, Northwestern Ontario, and other Low-Carbonate Waters, and a Liquid Scintillation Method for Determining 14C Activity in Photosynthesis

1971 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. Schindler ◽  
S. K. Holmgren
Keyword(s):  
Primary Production ◽  
Liquid Scintillation ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Euphotic Zone ◽  
Phytoplankton Production ◽  
Phytoplankton Species ◽  
Experimental Lakes Area ◽  
Phytoplankton Species Composition ◽  
Northwestern Ontario ◽  
Filtration Error

A modified 14C method is described for measuring phytoplankton production in low-carbonate waters. The procedure includes the use of the Arthur and Rigler (Limnol. Oceanogr. 12: 121–124, 1967) technique for determining filtration error, liquid scintillation counting for determining the radioactivity of membrane filters and stock 14C solutions, and gas chromatography for measuring total CO2.Primary production, chlorophyll a, and total CO2 were measured for two dates in midsummer from each of several lakes in the Experimental Lakes Area (ELA), ranging from 1 to 1000 ha in area and from 2 to 117 m in maximum depth. Phytoplankton species abundance and biomass were determined for the same dates. Production ranged from 0.02 to 2.12 gC/m3∙day and from 0.179 to 1.103 g C/m2∙day. Chlorophyll ranged from 0.4 to 44 mg/m3 and from 5 to 98 mg/m2 in the euphotic zone. The corresponding ranges for live phytoplankton biomass were 120–5400 mg/m3 and 2100–13,400 mg/m2. Chrysophyceae dominated the phytoplankton of most of the lakes.A system for classifying the lakes in terms of phytoplankton species composition and production–depth curves is developed.

scholarly journals Plant production on the Fladen ground

1956 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
John H. Steele
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Chlorophyll Concentration ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Phytoplankton Production ◽  
Oxygen Production ◽  
Full Account ◽  
Dark Bottle ◽  
Direct Estimation ◽  
Relevant Variables

The quantitative study of phytoplankton production may be pursued in many ways, but these ways can be divided into two general methods of approach. There is, first, the direct estimation of a production rate for a particular sample of the population; for example, the light-dark bottle technique for measuring oxygen production (Gaarder & Gran, 1927; Riley, 1939) and the new 14C technique (Steeman Nielsen, 1952). These estimates are made under conditions which must be, to some extent, artificial. Secondly, there is the direct estimation of relevant variables in the sea (phosphate, oxygen, chlorophyll concentration, etc.) from which production is calculated on the basis of hypotheses about the behaviour of phytoplankton. These hypotheses are, of necessity, simplifications of a mass of laboratory experiments and of previous field work. Riley, Stommel & Bumpus (1949) give a full account of this approach and of the difficulties involved in it.

Primary Productivity of Southern Indian Lake before, during, and after Impoundment and Churchill River Diversion

1984 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 591-604 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Hecky ◽  
S. J. Guildford
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Primary Production ◽  
Water Column ◽  
Primary Productivity ◽  
Phosphorus Deficiency ◽  
Light Environment ◽  
Phytoplankton Production ◽  
Light Penetration ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Chlorophyll Concentrations

The primary productivity of seven regions of Southern Indian Lake and neighboring Wood Lake was measured during open-water seasons from 1974 to 1978. The lake had regional differences in chlorophyll concentrations and daily rates of integral primary production in 1974 and 1975 prior to impoundment of the lake. Regions receiving Churchill River flow tended to have higher chlorophyll concentrations and production rates than those regions marginal to the flow. Impoundment of the lake resulted in higher efficiencies of primary production in all regions, as indicated by higher light-saturated rates of carbon uptake per unit chlorophyll and by higher initial slopes of the hyperbolic light response relation of the phytoplankton. Many large basins of the lake had light penetration reduced by high concentrations of suspended sediment from eroding shorelines, while other areas had relatively unchanged light penetration. The increased efficiency of carbon fixation per unit chlorophyll resulted in higher rates of integral production in those regions where light penetration was not greatly affected. Daily rates of integral primary production in lake regions where light penetration had decreased markedly were not significantly different after impoundment because efficiencies of light utilization were higher. Comparison of the mean water column light intensities for those turbid regions with the values of Ik (light intensity at the onset of light saturation) for phytoplankton indicated that these turbid regions are now light deficient on average. Phosphorus deficiency, as indicated by alkaline phosphatase activity per unit ATP, which was present before impoundment, has been eliminated as the mean water column light intensity declined below 5 mEinsteins∙m−2∙min−1. The light environment of a new reservoir can be a significant determinant of integral production, and predicting the consequences of impoundment on phytoplankton production requires accurate prediction of the light environment.

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