Primary Productivity of Southern Indian Lake before, during, and after Impoundment and Churchill River Diversion

1984 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 591-604 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Hecky ◽  
S. J. Guildford
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Primary Production ◽  
Water Column ◽  
Primary Productivity ◽  
Phosphorus Deficiency ◽  
Light Environment ◽  
Phytoplankton Production ◽  
Light Penetration ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Chlorophyll Concentrations

The primary productivity of seven regions of Southern Indian Lake and neighboring Wood Lake was measured during open-water seasons from 1974 to 1978. The lake had regional differences in chlorophyll concentrations and daily rates of integral primary production in 1974 and 1975 prior to impoundment of the lake. Regions receiving Churchill River flow tended to have higher chlorophyll concentrations and production rates than those regions marginal to the flow. Impoundment of the lake resulted in higher efficiencies of primary production in all regions, as indicated by higher light-saturated rates of carbon uptake per unit chlorophyll and by higher initial slopes of the hyperbolic light response relation of the phytoplankton. Many large basins of the lake had light penetration reduced by high concentrations of suspended sediment from eroding shorelines, while other areas had relatively unchanged light penetration. The increased efficiency of carbon fixation per unit chlorophyll resulted in higher rates of integral production in those regions where light penetration was not greatly affected. Daily rates of integral primary production in lake regions where light penetration had decreased markedly were not significantly different after impoundment because efficiencies of light utilization were higher. Comparison of the mean water column light intensities for those turbid regions with the values of Ik (light intensity at the onset of light saturation) for phytoplankton indicated that these turbid regions are now light deficient on average. Phosphorus deficiency, as indicated by alkaline phosphatase activity per unit ATP, which was present before impoundment, has been eliminated as the mean water column light intensity declined below 5 mEinsteins∙m−2∙min−1. The light environment of a new reservoir can be a significant determinant of integral production, and predicting the consequences of impoundment on phytoplankton production requires accurate prediction of the light environment.

scholarly journals Fertilization of an oligotrophic lake with a deep chlorophyll maximum: predicting the effect on primary productivity

1997 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 1177-1189 ◽  
Author(s):  
H P Gross ◽  
W A Wurtsbaugh ◽  
C Luecke ◽  
P Budy
Keyword(s):  
Primary Production ◽  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Primary Productivity ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Deep Chlorophyll Maximum ◽  
Light Penetration ◽  
Low Light ◽  
Nutrient Additions ◽  
Light Levels ◽  
The Mean

We investigated how epilimnetic fertilization would affect chlorophyll levels and light penetration of oligotrophic sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) lakes and how the resulting self-shading would affect primary production of the prominent deep chlorophyll maxima (DCM) of the lakes. Epilimnetic nutrient additions to large mesocosms (330 m3) in Redfish Lake, Idaho, increased levels of primary productivity and chlorophyll a but decreased Secchi depths and light available in the metalimnion and hypolimnion. Redfish Lake and other Sawtooth Valley (Idaho) lakes had DCM in which the mean chlorophyll a peaks were 240-1000% of mean epilimnetic chlorophyll a concentrations. The DCM existed at low light levels and accounted for 36-72% of the lakes' primary production. Simulations using photosynthesis-irradiance (P-I) curves demonstrated that fertilization would increase predicted water column primary production by 75-101%. Most of this increase occurred in the epilimnion, with only a slight decrease occurring in the DCM as the result of increased shading.

Use of human urine in phytoplankton production as a tool for ecological sanitation

2012 ◽  
Vol 65 (8) ◽  
pp. 1350-1356 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. B. Jana ◽  
S. Rana ◽  
S. K. Bag
Keyword(s):  
Primary Productivity ◽  
Human Urine ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Net Primary Production ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Phytoplankton Production ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Control ◽  
Fresh Urine

Measurements of primary productivity of phytoplankton and enumeration of the counts of coliform and heterotrophic bacteria (HB) were made in the water of 12 experimental tanks used for 3 treatments and control in triplicate as follows: (a) fresh human urine (0.02%), (b) stored human urine (0.02%), (c) mixed urine of fresh and stored human urine (0.02%) and (d) control without input of urine. The gross primary productivity of phytoplankton was highest in the stored urine treated tanks (508 mg C m−2 h−1) followed by fresh urine (353 mg C m−2 h−1), mixed urine (303 mg C m−2 h−1) and control (215 mg C m−2 h−1). Similar was the response of net primary production of phytoplankton. The mean count of HB observed in stored urine fed tanks was significantly higher (59–184%) than the remaining urine fed treatments. The mean count of Escherichia coli did not differ from urine treated tanks to control implying the good quality of water. The concentration of dissolved oxygen of water (7.6 to 12.8 mg L−1) in these tanks remained satisfactory for aquaculture. The mean concentration of ammonium-N observed in fresh urine treated tanks was more than 10 times higher than the remaining treatments employed. In contrast, the level of phosphate and electrical conductivity in the stored urine treated tanks were significantly higher than the remaining treatments. It is proposed that stored urine with a significantly reduced load of E. coli might be an effective low cost liquid fertilizer for algal biomass production.

scholarly journals Photosynthetic production in the Central Arctic during the record sea-ice minimum in 2012

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 2897-2945 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Fernández-Méndez ◽  
C. Katlein ◽  
B. Rabe ◽  
M. Nicolaus ◽  
I. Peeken ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Primary Production ◽  
Arctic Ocean ◽  
Water Column ◽  
Primary Productivity ◽  
Ice Cover ◽  
Annual Production ◽  
Ice Algae ◽  
Central Arctic Ocean ◽  
Eurasian Basin

Abstract. The ice-covered Central Arctic Ocean is characterized by low primary productivity due to light and nutrient limitations. The recent reduction in ice cover has the potential to substantially increase phytoplankton primary production, but little is yet known about the fate of the ice-associated primary production and of the nutrient supply with increasing warming. This study presents results from the Central Arctic Ocean collected during summer 2012, when sea-ice reached a minimum extent since the onset of satellite observations. Net primary productivity (NPP) was measured in the water column, sea ice and melt ponds by 14CO2 uptake at different irradiances. Photosynthesis vs. irradiance (PI) curves were established in laboratory experiments and used to upscale measured NPP to the deep Eurasian Basin (north of 78° N) using the irradiance-based Central Arctic Ocean Primary Productivity (CAOPP) model. In addition, new annual production was calculated from the seasonal nutrient drawdown in the mixed layer since last winter. Results show that ice algae can contribute up to 60% to primary production in the Central Arctic at the end of the season. The ice-covered water column has lower NPP rates than open water due to light limitation. As indicated by the nutrient ratios in the euphotic zone, nitrate was limiting primary production in the deep Eurasian Basin close to the Laptev Sea area, while silicate was the main limiting nutrient at the ice margin near the Atlantic inflow. Although sea-ice cover was substantially reduced in 2012, total annual new production in the Eurasian Basin was 17 ± 7 Tg C yr-1, which is within the range of estimates of previous years. However, when adding the contribution by sub-ice algae, the annual production for the deep Eurasian Basin (north of 78° N) could double previous estimates for that area with a surplus of 16 Tg C yr-1. Our data suggest that sub-ice algae are an important component of the ice-covered Central Arctic productivity. It remains an important question if their contribution to productivity is on the rise with thinning ice, or if it will decline due to overall sea-ice retreat and be replaced by phytoplankton.

Primary Productivity of a Hypersaline Antarctic Lake

1978 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 717 ◽  
Author(s):  
PJ Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Primary Production ◽  
Primary Productivity ◽  
Carbon Fixation ◽  
Nutrient Deficiency ◽  
Phytoplankton Production ◽  
Hypersaline Lake ◽  
Antarctic Lake ◽  
Deep Lake ◽  
A Value ◽  
Upper Limit

Although viable unicellular green algae are found in Deep Lake (a perenially ice-free hypersaline lake in Antarctica, 68� 34'S., 78� 11'E.), attempts made throughout a year to detect primary production using 14C failed. It is concluded that the rate of production in the limnetic zone does not exceed 0.15 mg C m-3 h-1. Only one positive measurement of carbon fixation was obtained: a sample collected near the bottom after the sediments had been disturbed gave a value of 0.18 mg C m-3 h-1. It was calculated that the upper limit of phytoplankton production was 3.3 g C m-1 year-1 and that total primary production could not exceed 10 g C m-2 year-1. Thus Deep Lake is one of the least productive lakes yet recorded. The combined effects of nutrient deficiency, hypersalinity, low temperatures and annual extremes in the availability of light in restricting the species diversity, population and productivity are stressed. One experiment in the nearby freshwater Watts Lake indicated a primary productivity in the limnetic zone ranging from 0.20 to 0.94 mg C m-3 h-1.

Relationships between Suspended Particulate Matter and Sinking Flux along a Trophic Gradient and Implications for the Fate of Planktonic Primary Production

1994 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen B. Baines ◽  
Michael L. Pace
Keyword(s):  
Primary Production ◽  
Water Column ◽  
Empirical Relationship ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Phytoplankton Production ◽  
Trophic Gradient ◽  
Eutrophic Lakes ◽  
Suspended Particulate ◽  
Algal Pigment ◽  
Sinking Flux

We measured water column variables and the sinking flux of C, N, P and pigments in 15 lakes which varied in algal biomass to determine (1) the relationship between sinking flux and suspended particulate concentrations, (2) if sinking rates of particles changed as a function of trophic status, and (3) the importance of sinking as a fate for phytoplankton production along a trophic gradient. Sinking flux was well predicted by metalimnetic algal pigment concentrations (chlorophyll + phaeopigments) and epilimnetic C:N ratios (R2 = 83–97%). Sinking rates of algal pigments were not significantly higher in lakes with higher chlorophyll concentrations. Predictions based on observed C sinking fluxes, water column chlorophyll, and an empirical relationship between primary production and chlorophyll concur with published observations in suggesting a slight negative relationship between production and the ratio of sinking flux to production. Our results challenge the notion that plankton communities in oligotrophic lakes are more efficient than those in eutrophic lakes in the retention of nutrients within the water column.

Epilimnetic and Metalimnetic Primary Production in an Indiana Hardwater Lake

1983 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 792-798 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allan Konopka
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Model ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Vertical Distribution ◽  
Primary Production ◽  
Water Column ◽  
Primary Productivity ◽  
Water Transparency ◽  
Incident Solar Radiation ◽  
The Vertical Distribution ◽  
Made In

Primary productivity in an Indiana lake, which contained a metalimnetic layer of cyanobacteria, was calculated for the summers of 1979–81 by using a numerical model. Production estimates of 183 and 187 g C∙m−2 were obtained for 1979 and 1980; the estimate for 1981 was 50% higher. These values were two- to four-fold higher than estimates made in 1963 and 1964. Production in the metalimnion accounted for 29, 44, and 34% of the total during the three summers. Changes in the vertical distribution of biomass in the water column appeared to have had a greater effect upon metalimnetic production than differences in water transparency or incident solar radiation. The average values measured for the latter two variables were reasonably similar during the 3 yr, whereas the depth at which the metalimnetic layer of cyanobacteria stratified decreased from 9 m in 1979 to 5 m in 1981.

scholarly journals Photosynthetic production in the central Arctic Ocean during the record sea-ice minimum in 2012

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 3525-3549 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Fernández-Méndez ◽  
C. Katlein ◽  
B. Rabe ◽  
M. Nicolaus ◽  
I. Peeken ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Primary Production ◽  
Arctic Ocean ◽  
Water Column ◽  
Primary Productivity ◽  
Ice Cover ◽  
Annual Production ◽  
Ice Algae ◽  
Central Arctic Ocean ◽  
Eurasian Basin

Abstract. The ice-covered central Arctic Ocean is characterized by low primary productivity due to light and nutrient limitations. The recent reduction in ice cover has the potential to substantially increase phytoplankton primary production, but little is yet known about the fate of the ice-associated primary production and of the nutrient supply with increasing warming. This study presents results from the central Arctic Ocean collected during summer 2012, when sea-ice extent reached its lowest ever recorded since the onset of satellite observations. Net primary productivity (NPP) was measured in the water column, sea ice and melt ponds by 14CO2 uptake at different irradiances. Photosynthesis vs. irradiance (PI) curves were established in laboratory experiments and used to upscale measured NPP to the deep Eurasian Basin (north of 78° N) using the irradiance-based Central Arctic Ocean Primary Productivity (CAOPP) model. In addition, new annual production has been calculated from the seasonal nutrient drawdown in the mixed layer since last winter. Results show that ice algae can contribute up to 60% to primary production in the central Arctic Ocean at the end of the productive season (August–September). The ice-covered water column has lower NPP rates than open water due to light limitation in late summer. As indicated by the nutrient ratios in the euphotic zone, nitrate was limiting primary production in the deep Eurasian Basin close to the Laptev Sea area, while silicate was the main limiting nutrient at the ice margin near the Atlantic inflow. Although sea-ice cover was substantially reduced in 2012, total annual new production in the Eurasian Basin was 17 ± 7 Tg C yr−1, which is within the range of estimates of previous years. However, when adding the contribution by sub-ice algae, the annual production for the deep Eurasian Basin (north of 78° N) could double previous estimates for that area with a surplus of 16 Tg C yr−1. Our data suggest that sub-ice algae are an important component of the productivity in the ice-covered Eurasian Basin of the central Arctic Ocean. It remains an important question whether their contribution to productivity is on the rise with thinning ice, or whether it will decline due to overall sea-ice retreat and be replaced by phytoplankton.

Depression of Primary Production by Humic Matter and Suspended Sediment in Limnocorral Experiments at Southern Indian Lake, Northern Manitoba

1987 ◽  
Vol 44 (8) ◽  
pp. 1408-1417 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. J. Guildford ◽  
F. P. Healey ◽  
R. E. Hecky
Keyword(s):  
Primary Productivity ◽  
Phytoplankton Biomass ◽  
Phosphorus Deficiency ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Soluble Nitrogen ◽  
Light Penetration ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Humic Material ◽  
Enrichment Experiments ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus Enrichment

Eroding and flooded shoreline materials were added to a series of limnocorrals in Southern Indian Lake (northern Manitoba) to simulate their effects on the phytoplankton following impoundment of the lake. Inorganic clays depressed primary productivity and phytoplankton biomass but relieved phosphorus deficiency. These effects appeared to be primarily due to reduction of light penetration; release of available phosphorus was small. Organic moss–peat material initially increased and then lowered primary productivity and biomass, while phosphorus deficiency was lowered. The initial stimulation could be traced to the release of soluble nitrogen and phosphorus. Enrichment experiments indicated that the depression was due to the binding of iron or some other metal by dissolved humic material. Responses of phytoplankton in the lake could be understood as a composite of responses seen in the limnocorrals to the two eroding shoreline materials.

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