Effects of water chemistry and temperature on radiocesium dynamics in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss

1995 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 607-613 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. A. Cocchio ◽  
F. W. H. Beamish ◽  
D. W. Rodgers
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Water Chemistry ◽  
Rate Constant ◽  
Elimination Rate ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Gamma Counting ◽  
Effects Of Temperature

We determined the effects of temperature (8 and 16 °C) and water concentrations of potassium (0.01–3.4 mmol/L), sodium (0.4–3.0 mmol/L), and calcium (0.3–2.9 mmol/L) on the dynamics of 137Cs in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Trout were fed food labelled with 137Cs, and 137Cs retention was monitored by whole body gamma counting (70 d). Assimilation of 137Cs did not vary significantly over the range of concentrations of K+, Na+, and Ca2+ employed, with an average value of 65 ± 3% (mean ± SE). The elimination of 137Cs was significantly affected by K+, with the elimination rate constant of trout held at the highest K+ concentration (0.021 ± 0.001 d−1 at K+ of 3.4 mmol/L) roughly double that observed in trout at lower K+ (0.011 ± 0.001 d−1 at K+ ≤ 0.3 mmol/L). Elimination of 137Cs was also significantly affected by temperature, with the increase in elimination rate over the range of 8 and 16 °C corresponding to a Q10 of ≈1.7. Although the effect of K+ on accumulation of 137Cs in trout was statistically significant, this effect, by itself, can explain only a small fraction of the broad range of 137Cs concentration ratios reported for wild fish.

Elemental signatures in otoliths of hatchery rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss): distinctiveness and utility for detecting origins and movement

2009 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 513-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel K. Gibson-Reinemer ◽  
Brett M. Johnson ◽  
Patrick J. Martinez ◽  
Dana L. Winkelman ◽  
Alan E. Koenig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Water Chemistry ◽  
Fisheries Management ◽  
Valuable Insight ◽  
Otolith Chemistry ◽  
Considerable Potential ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Ambient Levels

Otolith chemistry in freshwater has considerable potential to reveal patterns of origin and movement, which would benefit traditional fisheries management and provide a valuable tool to curb the spread of invasive and illicitly stocked species. We evaluated the relationship between otolith and water chemistry for five markers (Ba/Ca, Mn/Ca, Sr/Ca, Zn/Ca, and 87Sr/86Sr) in rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ) using the existing hatchery system in Colorado and Wyoming, USA, to provide controlled, seminatural conditions. Otolith Ba/Ca, Sr/Ca, and 87Sr/86Sr reflected ambient levels, whereas Mn/Ca and Zn/Ca did not. Using only the markers correlated with water chemistry, we classified fish to their hatchery of origin with up to 96% accuracy when element and isotope data were used together. Large changes in 87Sr/86Sr were evident in otolith transects, although subtler changes in Sr/Ca were also detectable. Our results suggest the relatively few otolith markers that reflect ambient chemistry can discriminate among locations and track movements well enough to provide valuable insight in a variety of applied contexts.

Composition and Mechanics of Routine Swimming of Rainbow Trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss

1991 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 583-590 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul W. Webb
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Correction Factor ◽  
Swimming Speed ◽  
Angular Acceleration ◽  
Force Balance ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Tail Beat

Routine swimming encompasses all volitional motions of fish. It is usually assumed to be quasi-steady, i.e. routine swimming is mechanically equivalent to steady swimming. Routine swimming of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, was dominated by unsteady motions of linear and centripetal (angular) acceleration. Constant-speed swimming was rare. Mean speeds and acceleration rates were small. Tail-beat frequencies were nevertheless strongly correlated with mean swimming speed, but increased more rapidly with increasing speed in routine swimming than in steady swimming. Tail-beat amplitudes and propulsive wavelengths were similar to values seen in steady swimming. The composition of routine swimming and analysis of the force balance showed that routine swimming was not quasi-steady. Therefore, forces and rates of working should be estimated from a complete description of whole-body deformation. This is impractical. Drag dominated resistance in routine swimming, such that average thrust (= resistance) may be computed from mean speed and/or averaged kinematic variables for the trailing edge with a correction factor of approximately 3. Analysis of routine swimming may permit comparisons among a wider range of vertebrates than possible with commonly used methods.

Acute and Chronic Toxicity of Waterborne Arsenite to Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

1994 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 372-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. G. Rankin ◽  
D. G. Dixon
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Chronic Toxicity ◽  
Plasma Lipid ◽  
Free Water ◽  
Gallbladder Wall ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Growth Study ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Wet Weight

The 144-h LC50 (95% fiducial limits) of arsenite for 4.5-g rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) was 18.5 (17.9–19.1) mg∙L−1. In a pair-fed growth study which exposed trout to 0.0, 0.76, 2.48, or 9.64 mg arsenite∙L−1 over 17 wk, growth was significantly reduced (by 55%) only at 9.64 mg∙L−1. The reduction was attributable to both reduced appetite (primarily) and direct metabolic impact (marginally). Fish at 9.64 mg∙L−1 suffered 10% mortality, usually associated with necrotic erosion of the mandibular and olfactory regions of the head. All fish exposed to 9.64 mg∙L−1 showed inflammation of the gallbladder wall, a lesion absent at lower exposure concentrations. There were no arsenite impacts on hepato- and splenosomatic index, hematocrit, hemoglobin, total plasma lipid, cholesterol, and protein or brain concentrations of norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin. Exposure to 0.0, 0.76, 2.48, and 9.64 mg arsenite∙L−1 for 26 wk resulted in mean (SE) equilibrium whole-body As concentrations of 0.3 (0.02), 0.2 (0.02), 0.4 (0.10), and 1.7 (0.40) μg As∙g wet weight−1, respectively, No depuration below these concentrations occurred during a 12-d period in arsenite-free water. The threshold of chronic toxicity was estimated to be 4.9 mg∙L−1.

Influence of temporal variations in water chemistry on the Pb isotopic composition of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

2005 ◽  
Vol 350 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 204-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerry R. Miller ◽  
Jamie B. Anderson ◽  
Paul J. Lechler ◽  
Shannon L. Kondrad ◽  
Peter F. Galbreath ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Isotopic Composition ◽  
Water Chemistry ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Pb Isotopic Composition

Diminished social status affects ionoregulation at the gills and kidney in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

2004 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 618-626 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine A Sloman ◽  
Graham R Scott ◽  
D Gordon McDonald ◽  
Chris M Wood
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Social Status ◽  
Metabolic Cost ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Sodium Reabsorption ◽  
Plasma Sodium ◽  
Sodium Efflux ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Uptake Rates

Competition for social status can result in physiological differences between individuals, including differences in ionoregulatory ability. Subordinate rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) had two-fold higher uptake rates of sodium across the gill and two-fold higher whole-body sodium efflux rates than the dominant fish with which they were paired. Sodium efflux was then divided into branchial and renal components, both of which were higher in subordinates. Branchial sodium efflux accounted for 95%–98% of sodium loss. Plasma sodium concentrations were more variable, although not significantly different, in subordinate fish, suggesting that the increased loss of sodium in these trout is compensated for by an increase in uptake rates. Urine flow rates and plasma cortisol concentrations were higher in subordinate fish, but there was no difference in glomerular filtration rate between dominants and subordinates. Renal sodium reabsorption was significantly reduced in subordinates. In summary, the ionoregulation of subordinate individuals was altered, most likely occurring as a result of stress-induced changes in gill permeability, resulting in a higher throughput of water and increased branchial sodium efflux. These changes in ionoregulatory ability have many physiological implications, including the increased susceptibility of subordinates to ionoregulatory challenges and an increased metabolic cost of ionoregulation.

Conspecific skin extracts elicit antipredator responses in juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

1997 ◽  
Vol 75 (11) ◽  
pp. 1916-1922 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grant E. Brown ◽  
R. Jan F. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Antipredator Behaviour ◽  
Skin Extract ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Juvenile Rainbow Trout ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Antipredator Responses ◽  
Body Extract

We investigated, under laboratory conditions, the presence of chemical alarm signals in juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). In an initial experiment, we exposed trout to a whole-body extract from conspecifics or a distilled-water control. When exposed to whole-body extract, trout significantly (i) decreased time spent swimming, (ii) increased time taken to resume foraging, and (iii) decreased the number of food items eaten. These data indicate a significant chemically mediated antipredator response. A second experiment was conducted to determine (i) if this is a generalized response to injured fish or a specific response to injured conspecifics, and (ii) if the chemical signal is localized in the skin. We exposed juvenile trout to one of three chemical stimuli: (1) trout skin extract, (2) trout body extract, or (3) swordtail (Xiphophorus helleri) skin extract. Significant antipredator responses were observed in trout exposed to conspecific skin extract, but responses of those exposed to conspecific body extract or swordtail skin extract did not differ from those of distilled-water controls. These data strongly suggest that juvenile rainbow trout possess a chemical alarm signal, localized in the skin, that elicits antipredator behaviour when detected.by conspecifics.

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