Genetic changes in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) populations of Northwest Irish rivers resulting from escapes of adult farm salmon

1998 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 358-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
S L Clifford ◽  
P McGinnity ◽  
A Ferguson
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Dna Markers ◽  
Individual Sample ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
Genetic Changes ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
Farm Salmon ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Mtdna Haplotype

A study was made of rivers in Northwest Ireland where escapes of adult Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) are known to have occurred from adjacent sea cages. Two markers that showed substantial frequency differences between these farm and wild populations were used: an Ava II-B mtDNA haplotype and allele E at minisatellite locus Ssa-A45/2/1. Farmed populations also showed a significant reduction in mean heterozygosity over the three minisatellite loci examined. Independent occurrence of mtDNA and minisatellite DNA markers in several juvenile samples indicated interbreeding of escaped farm salmon with wild salmon. The proportion of juveniles of maternal farm parentage in two rivers ranged from 18% in 1993 to 2% in 1995 with an average of 7% in both rivers (1993-1995) and a maximum frequency of 70% in an individual sample. Only a small proportion of 29 000 adult farm salmon that escaped in spring 1992 appear to have bred successfully in the rivers studied. Juveniles of farmed parentage survived to at least the 1+ summer stage, but the subsequent fate of these fish could not be determined in the time period of the study.

scholarly journals Fitness reduction and potential extinction of wild populations of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar , as a result of interactions with escaped farm salmon

2003 ◽  
Vol 270 (1532) ◽  
pp. 2443-2450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip McGinnity ◽  
Paulo Prodöhl ◽  
Andy Ferguson ◽  
Rosaleen Hynes ◽  
Niall ó Maoiléidigh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
Farm Salmon

scholarly journals Development and evaluation of SNP panels for the detection of hybridization between wild and escaped Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in the western Atlantic

2019 ◽  
Vol 76 (5) ◽  
pp. 695-704 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brendan F. Wringe ◽  
Eric C. Anderson ◽  
Nicholas W. Jeffery ◽  
Ryan R.E. Stanley ◽  
Ian R. Bradbury
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
Western Atlantic ◽  
Farmed Salmon ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
Hybrid Class ◽  
Snp Panels ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Development And Validation

Hybridization between wild and escaped cultured Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) can threaten the stability and persistence of locally adapted wild populations. Here we describe the development and validation of a genomic-based approach to quantify recent hybridization between escapee and wild salmon in the western Atlantic. Based on genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) scans of wild and cultured salmon, collectively diagnostic panels were created for Newfoundland and the Canadian Maritimes. These panels were capable of both discriminating hybrids from nonhybrids and of correctly assigning individuals to hybrid class (i.e., pure wild, pure farm, F1, F2, and backcrosses) with a high degree of accuracy (Newfoundland 96 SNPs > 90%, Maritimes 720 SNPs > 80%). These genomic panels permit the assessment of the impacts of past and future farmed salmon escape events on wild populations and can inform the protection and conservation of wild Atlantic salmon genetic integrity in the western Atlantic.

Coupling genetic and otolith trace element analyses to identify river-born fish with hatchery pedigrees in stocked Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) populations

2011 ◽  
Vol 68 (6) ◽  
pp. 977-987 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Perrier ◽  
Françoise Daverat ◽  
Guillaume Evanno ◽  
Christophe Pécheyran ◽  
Jean-Luc Bagliniere ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Trace Element ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Geographic Origin ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Elemental Concentrations ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
Hatchery Stock

This study combines otolith trace element and genetic analyses to explore the origin of individuals when hatchery-reared fish are released into wild populations. We sampled 90 juvenile Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar ) in four rivers in Normandy (France) and in the hatchery stock. Individuals were analyzed at six microsatellite markers and their otolith elemental concentrations (14 elements) were measured using femto-second laser ablation inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Wild populations were genetically differentiated from the hatchery strain (FST ≈ 0.06). Significant differences in elemental concentrations were found among otoliths of juveniles from the four rivers and the hatchery, allowing the identification of their geographic origin (83%–100% correct assignment). Coupling genetic and trace element analyses on the same individuals provided formal evidence that hatchery-born juveniles released into the wild can migrate to the sea and return as adults to breed on natural spawning grounds. Their progeny have pure hatchery pedigrees but have otoliths typical of river-born juveniles, meaning that they can be mistaken for hatchery-raised juveniles if only genetic data are considered. The presence of hybrids also confirmed that individuals with hatchery pedigrees can breed with wild conspecifics.

An evaluation of the use of triploid Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) in minimising the impact of escaped farmed salmon on wild populations

Aquaculture ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 186 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 61-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Cotter ◽  
V. O'Donovan ◽  
N. O'Maoiléidigh ◽  
G. Rogan ◽  
N. Roche ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
Farmed Salmon ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
The Impact

Interactions between wild and introduced Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)

1998 ◽  
Vol 55 (S1) ◽  
pp. 153-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
A F Youngson ◽  
E Verspoor
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
General Rule ◽  
Genotypic Diversity ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Ecological Interactions ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
Individual Fitness ◽  
Local Abundance

Wide latitude exists for genetic, behavioural, and ecological interactions between introduced and wild Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.). These can occur at all stages of the life cycle and across the range of natural environments the species exploits. Because of the large number of variables and scales involved, each interaction scenario and its outcome is expected to be unique. However, as a general rule, interactions are likely to be negative in their effect on the viability of wild populations. In theory, it ought to be possible to develop approaches for managing interactions, but in the particular case of genetic effects this is especially difficult. It is possible to put forward two guiding genetic principals for intentional introductions. Firstly, when introductions are used to maximize local abundance, genotypic diversity must be maintained so that mean individual fitness remains undiminished after interaction has occurred. Secondly, when introductions are used to alter local frequencies of phenotypes, the population's capacity to remain viable in the longterm must not be impaired. Both principals are pragmatic and aim to conserve or restore the genetic capacity of populations to evolve rather than seeking the preservation of their current condition.

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