Cytochrome P450 1A and related measurements in juvenile chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) from the Fraser River

2000 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 405-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Y Wilson ◽  
R F Addison ◽  
D Martens ◽  
R Gordon ◽  
B Glickman
Keyword(s):  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
Erod Activity ◽  
Dna Adduct ◽  
Clear Correlation ◽  
Fraser River ◽  
Juvenile Chinook Salmon ◽  
Liver Histopathology ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Juvenile Chinook

Juvenile chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) were captured at six sites on the upper Fraser, Nechako, and Thompson rivers, British Columbia, Canada. Biological responses were measured in the liver to assess the effects of contaminants on the fish before they began migration downstream. Both ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activity and CYP 1A concentrations were significantly enhanced, being two- to three-fold higher in Fraser River samples compared with those fish from reference sites on the Nechako River. DNA adduct concentrations were two- to four-fold higher in Fraser River fish, although liver histopathology appeared unaffected. Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in the carcasses contributed to total contaminant burdens of less than 1 pg·g-1. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) metabolites were undetectable in nearly all samples of bile. There were strong correlations between EROD activity, CYP 1A induction, and DNA adduct concentrations but no clear correlation between these responses and PCDD, PCDF, or PCB concentrations.

Bioconcentration of Chlorophenols by Juvenile Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) Overwintering in the Upper Fraser River: Field and Laboratory Tests

1988 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 100-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. H. Rogers ◽  
J. A. Servizi ◽  
C. D. Levings
Keyword(s):  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Pulp Mill ◽  
Wood Preservative ◽  
Fraser River ◽  
Reference Sites ◽  
Juvenile Chinook Salmon ◽  
Juvenile Chinook ◽  
River Fish

Abstract Juvenile chinook salmon were sampled from August 1986 to March 1987 at stations near Prince George and Quesnel, influenced by sewage and pulp mill discharges. Maximum densities of 0.2 fish·mࢤ2 were recorded. Salmon were collected at reference sites in November 1986 and at Agassiz in April 1987. Fingerling chinook were exposed at 0.7°C to a commercial wood preservative containing 2,3,4,6 - tetrachlorophenol (TeCP) and pentachlorophenol (PCP) in the laboratory to simulate winter conditions in the upper Fraser River. Fish exposed for 62 days to 2 ug·Lࢤ1 contained a mean of 224 ng·gࢤ1 TeCP and 431 ng·gࢤ1 PCP. Chlorophenol uptake in feral fish was low. However, 3,4,5-trichloro-guaiacol levels to 304 ng·gࢤ1 and tetrachloroguaiacol values to 136 ng·gࢤ1 were measured in March. Fish from Agassiz, 518 km downstream of Quesnel, also contained these two substances. Thus chinook salmon can bioconcentrate persistent chlorophenols and chloroguaiacols directly from cold water (< 1°C). The biological consequences are uncertain.

Altered growth and related physiological responses in juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) from dietary exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)

2006 ◽  
Vol 63 (10) ◽  
pp. 2364-2376 ◽  
Author(s):  
J P Meador ◽  
F C Sommers ◽  
G M Ylitalo ◽  
C A Sloan
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Control Fish ◽  
Small Fish ◽  
Juvenile Chinook Salmon ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Juvenile Chinook

A dietary feeding study with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) was conducted with juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) to mimic exposure from urban estuaries during their transition from freshwater to seawater. A significant reduction in mean fish dry weight was observed only for the highest doses; however, analysis of variance (ANOVA) using standard deviations and examination of the cumulative frequency plots revealed high variability among all treatments. The skewed fish weight distribution revealed a large number of small fish in several treatments compared with control fish. Analyses of whole-body lipids and several parameters in blood plasma related to growth and metabolism indicated alterations for most treatments. These results and trends in growth, plasma chemistry, and lipids as a consequence of PAH exposure were similar to those in fish exhibiting starvation, which we have termed "toxicant-induced starvation". Based on these results, we conclude that PAHs are toxic to salmonids at this life stage and the reduction in biomass and lipid stores observed here would have the potential to cause increased mortality for individuals during their first winter.

Ceratomyxa shasta (Myxozoa: Myxosporea) in juvenile chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha): experimental transmission and natural infections in the Fraser River, British Columbia

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (7) ◽  
pp. 1737-1740 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan M. Bower
Keyword(s):  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
River Estuary ◽  
Fraser River ◽  
Experimental Transmission ◽  
Juvenile Chinook Salmon ◽  
Juvenile Chinook ◽  
Intraperitoneal Inoculation

Ceratomyxa shasta (mainly trophozoites) from the intestinal tract of a naturally infected juvenile chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) developed in the coelom of laboratory-reared chinook salmon when inoculated intraperitoneally. All developmental stages were observed. Successful subpassages were accomplished by intraperitoneal inoculation of trophozoites and sporoblasts, but an infection did not develop when these stages were pipetted into the esophagus of susceptible fish. Heavy infections, including the presence of C. shasta sporoblasts or spores, were observed in 2 of 28 feral juvenile chinook salmon seined from the Fraser River estuary in late July and early August. Trophozoite-like cells were observed in six other chinook salmon from this group. No C. shasta were observed in 15 juvenile sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) caught in the estuary along with the chinook salmon.

Assessment of the Impact of the Myxosporean Parasite Ceratomyxa shasta on Survival of Seaward Migrating Juvenile Chinook Salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, from the Fraser River, British Columbia

1992 ◽  
Vol 49 (9) ◽  
pp. 1883-1889 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Margolis ◽  
T. E. McDonald ◽  
D. J. Whitaker
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
Infected Fish ◽  
Migration Route ◽  
Fraser River ◽  
Juvenile Chinook Salmon ◽  
Myxosporean Parasite ◽  
Juvenile Chinook ◽  
The Impact

Approximately 3.3% of more than 3500 seaward migrating juvenile chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) collected from the lower reaches and off the mouth of the Fraser River, British Columbia, between March and August 1985–87 were infected with Ceratomyxa shasta (Protozoa: Myxosporea). The fish were held live for up to 151 d before examination to allow the infections to become patent. The first infected fish were detected in samples taken in late May to early June, approximately 4 wk after the river water temperature had reached 10 °C. By this time, 40–65% of the fish had been collected, indicating that the majority of the juvenile chinook salmon had left the Fraser River before the infective stage of the parasite was present. Significant differences in prevalence of C. shasta were associated with both the migration route chosen by the fish and their age. Fish that used the lower flow rate North Arm had a greater prevalence (6.8%) of infection than those that migrated down the Main Arm (2.1%). Age 0 fish had a significantly higher prevalence (5.2%) of C. shasta than the age 1 group (1.5%). It is concluded that C. shasta is not a major cause of mortality of downstream migrating juvenile Fraser River chinook salmon.

scholarly journals Managed Wetlands Can Benefit Juvenile Chinook Salmon in a Tidal Marsh

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole M. Aha ◽  
Peter B. Moyle ◽  
Nann A. Fangue ◽  
Andrew L. Rypel ◽  
John R. Durand
Keyword(s):  
San Francisco ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
Nursery Habitat ◽  
San Francisco Estuary ◽  
Rice Fields ◽  
Fish Growth ◽  
Juvenile Chinook Salmon ◽  
Juvenile Chinook

AbstractLoss of estuarine and coastal habitats worldwide has reduced nursery habitat and function for diverse fishes, including juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha). Underutilized off-channel habitats such as flooded rice fields and managed ponds present opportunities for improving rearing conditions and increasing habitat diversity along migratory corridors. While experiments in rice fields have shown enhanced growth rates of juvenile fishes, managed ponds are less studied. To evaluate the potential of these ponds as a nursery habitat, juvenile Chinook salmon (~ 2.8 g, 63 mm FL) were reared in cages in four contrasting locations within Suisun Marsh, a large wetland in the San Francisco Estuary. The locations included a natural tidal slough, a leveed tidal slough, and the inlet and outlet of a tidally muted managed pond established for waterfowl hunting. Fish growth rates differed significantly among locations, with the fastest growth occurring near the outlet in the managed pond. High zooplankton biomass at the managed pond outlet was the best correlate of salmon growth. Water temperatures in the managed pond were also cooler and less variable compared to sloughs, reducing thermal stress. The stress of low dissolved oxygen concentrations within the managed pond was likely mediated by high concentrations of zooplankton and favorable temperatures. Our findings suggest that muted tidal habitats in the San Francisco Estuary and elsewhere could be managed to promote growth and survival of juvenile salmon and other native fishes.

Alteration of thyroid hormone concentrations in juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) exposed to polybrominated diphenyl ethers, BDE-47 and BDE-99

Chemosphere ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 171 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary R. Arkoosh ◽  
Ahna L. Van Gaest ◽  
Stacy A. Strickland ◽  
Greg P. Hutchinson ◽  
Alex B. Krupkin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
Juvenile Chinook Salmon ◽  
Diphenyl Ethers ◽  
Juvenile Chinook
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document