Retrotransposon-based S-SAP as a platform for the analysis of genetic variation and linkage in globe artichoke

A high copy number of retrotransposon sequences are present and widely dispersed in plant genomes. Their activity generates a considerable degree of sequence polymorphism. Here, we report the cloning of CYRE-5, a long-terminal repeat carrying retrotransposon-like sequence in Cynara cardunculus L., and its exploitation to develop a DNA fingerprinting assay across 22 accessions, including both cultivated (globe artichoke and cultivated cardoon) and wild (wild cardoon) types. The effectiveness of the sequence-specific amplified polymorphism (S-SAP) platform is compared with that of amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP). A genetic linkage analysis, based on a hybrid population between 2 globe artichoke varietal types, resulted in the inclusion of 29 S-SAP loci in the core genetic map, confirming their dispersed distribution across the globe artichoke genome.

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Development and characterization of microsatellite markers in Cynara cardunculus L.

Genome ◽

10.1139/g04-111 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 48 (2) ◽

pp. 217-225 ◽

Cited By ~ 38

Author(s):

Alberto Acquadro ◽

Ezio Portis ◽

David Lee ◽

Paolo Donini ◽

Sergio Lanteri

Keyword(s):

Molecular Markers ◽

Fold Increase ◽

The United States ◽

Enriched Library ◽

Globe Artichoke ◽

Cynara Cardunculus ◽

Principal Coordinates Analysis ◽

Principal Coordinates ◽

Novel Approach ◽

Wild Cardoon

Cynara cardunculus L. is a species native to the Mediterranean basin that comprises 2 crops, globe artichoke (var. scolymus L.) and cultivated cardoon (var. altilis DC), as well as wild cardoon (var. sylvestris (Lamk) Fiori). Globe artichoke represents an important component of the South European agricultural economy but is also cultivated in North Africa, the Near East, South America, the United States, and China. Breeding activities and molecular marker studies have been, to date, extremely limited. Better knowledge of the genome of the species might be gained by developing a range of molecular markers. Here, we report on the development of 14 microsatellites (simple sequence repeats (SSRs)) through a novel approach that we have defined as the microsatellite amplified library (MAL). The approach represents a combination of amplified fragment length polymorphism and a primer extension based enriched library, is rapid, and requires no hybridization enrichment steps. The technique provided a ~40-fold increase in the efficiency of SSR identification compared with conventional library procedures. The developed SSRs were applied for genotyping 36 accessions of C. cardunculus, including a core of 27 varietal types of globe artichoke, 3 accessions of cultivated cardoon, and 6 Sicilian accessions of wild cardoon. Principal coordinates analysis made it possible to differentiate both cultivated and wild forms from each other.Key words: globe artichoke, wild and cultivated cardoon, molecular markers, AFLP, MAL (microsatellite amplified library).

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Cytological Karyotyping of Three Cochliobolus spp. by the Germ Tube Burst Method

Phytopathology ◽

10.1094/phyto.2001.91.4.354 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 91 (4) ◽

pp. 354-360 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Dai Tsuchiya ◽

Masatoki Taga

Keyword(s):

Gel Electrophoresis ◽

Genetic Linkage ◽

Germ Tube ◽

Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽

Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽

Genetic Linkage Analysis ◽

Chromosome Size ◽

Pfge Analysis ◽

Metaphase Chromosomes ◽

Nucleolar Organizing Region

Cytological karyotypes with mitotic metaphase chromosomes were analyzed for Cochliobolus heterostrophus, C. carbonum, and C. sativus by the germ tube burst method (GTBM). Prior to karyotyping, procedures of GTBM suitable to Cochliobolus were established by examining several crucial conditions such as incubation period of conidia. The estimated chromosome numbers of C. heterostrophus and C. carbonum were n = 15 or 16 and n = 13 or 15 depending on the strains, respectively. In C. sativus, n = 15 was estimated. Morphological information of chromosomes including chromosome size and a threadlike-specific structure representing the nucleolar organizing region was also obtained. Our results for some standard strains are in agreement with previous estimates by pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) or PFGE coupled with restriction fragment length polymorphism genetic linkage analysis, but inconsistent with the previous estimates for other strains by conventional light microscopic cytology. Additionally, PFGE analysis of C. heterostro-phus strains indicated that chromosome number was not determinable solely by PFGE, which is hampered by comigration and clumping of DNA bands.

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AFLP (AMPLIFIED FRAGMENT LENGTH POLYMORPHISM) ANALYSIS OF GENETIC VARIATION IN SICILIAN POPULATIONS OF WILD CARDOON [CYNARA CARDUNCULUS L. VAR. SYLVESTRIS (LAMK) FIORI]

Acta Horticulturae ◽

10.17660/actahortic.2004.660.30 ◽

2004 ◽

pp. 229-234

Author(s):

E. Portis ◽

C. Comino ◽

A. Acquadro ◽

S. Lanteri ◽

G. Mauromicale

Keyword(s):

Genetic Variation ◽

Length Polymorphism ◽

Fragment Length ◽

Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽

Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽

Polymorphism Analysis ◽

Cynara Cardunculus ◽

Wild Cardoon

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Cynara cardunculus L., a potential source of inulin in the Mediterranean environment: screening of genetic variability

Australian Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.1071/ar03038 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 55 (6) ◽

pp. 693 ◽

Cited By ~ 47

Author(s):

S. A. Raccuia ◽

M. G. Melilli

Keyword(s):

Genetic Variability ◽

Sugar Content ◽

Total Sugar ◽

Total Biomass ◽

Globe Artichoke ◽

Cynara Cardunculus ◽

Mediterranean Environment ◽

Total Sugar Content ◽

The Mediterranean ◽

Wild Cardoon

Cynara cardunculus L. is a diploid (2n = 34) outcrossing perennial species, native to the Mediterranean basin, comprising the globe artichoke, the cultivated cardoon, and the wild cardoon. These species have potential as biomass, sugar, and oilseed crops. This paper aimed to study the genetic variability for sugar production and sugar composition in the roots of different C. cardunculus L. genotypes, in order to select those suitable for this specific purpose in the Mediterranean environment. At harvest the total biomass and root production, averaged for all genotypes, were 20.4 and 9.8 t DM/ha; they were influenced by genotype, with a CV of 37.4 and 38.5%, respectively. On average for all of the genotypes, the roots showed a total sugar content of 367 g DM/kg, with a CV of 17.1%; the main compound was inulin (85.0% of total sugars). The wild cardoon ‘SR1’ showed the highest total sugar content (470 g/kg DM). On average for all of the genotypes, the total sugar and inulin yields were 3.6 ± 0.20 and 3.0 ± 0.16 t/ha, respectively. It was possible to obtain total sugar yields higher than 4 t/ha in 6 genotypes (‘BH’, ‘VP’, ‘E438’, ‘L01’, ‘C2’, ‘P1’) of the 15 studied.

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Allelopathic potential of leaf aqueous extracts from Cynara cardunculus L. on the seedling growth of two cosmopolitan weed species

Italian Journal of Agronomy ◽

10.4081/ija.2019.1373 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 78-83 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Aurelio Scavo ◽

Gaetano Pandino ◽

Alessia Restuccia ◽

Sara Lombardo ◽

Gaetano Roberto Pesce ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Root System ◽

Aqueous Extract ◽

Hplc Analysis ◽

Globe Artichoke ◽

Aqueous Extracts ◽

Cynara Cardunculus ◽

Weed Species ◽

Allelopathic Potential ◽

System Length ◽

Wild Cardoon

The search for sustainable alternatives to synthetic herbicides for weed control, has led the scientific community to an increased interest for plant allelopathic mechanisms. The utilisation of plant extracts as possible bioherbicides represents an important solution. In the present study, laboratory experiments were carried out to investigate, for the first time, the differences in the allelopathic activity of the three Cynara cardunculus L. botanical varieties (globe artichoke, cultivated and wild cardoon) leaf aqueous extracts on the seedling growth of Amaranthus retroflexus L. and Portulaca oleracea L. In addition, the autoallelopathic effect on wild cardoon growth and the qualitative profile of the aqueous extract through high-performance liquid chromatograpy (HPLC) analysis were evaluated. Overall, the allelopathic effects were both genotype- and weed species-dependent. Wild cardoon showed the highest allelopathic potential (–23.4%), followed by cultivated cardoon and globe artichoke, and P. oleracea was the most sensitive target species (–32%). Besides, root system length was the most affected parameter (–32.6%). The autoallelopathic effect of wild cardoon extract was also demonstrated on root system length, hypocotyl and epicotyl length and total dry weight. C. cardunculus leaf aqueous extract was characterised by 5 sesquiterpene lactones, 2 caffeoylquinic acids, 6 flavones and 1 lignan. From the HPLC analysis we found that apigenin and luteolin 7-O-glucoronide were detected only in wild cardoon, apigenin 7-O-glucoside was typic of globe artichoke, and 11,13-dihydro-deacylcynaropicrin and 11,13-dihydroxi-8-deoxygrosheimin were characteristics of cultivated cardoon.

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