GENETIC HOMEOSTASIS IN DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER
The literature provides three explanations of the way in which genetic homeostasis functions. An attempt was made to determine which of these was applicable to the changes which occurred when selection for geotaxis was relaxed in certain strains of Drosophila melonogaster. The strains, for which selection stopped, were divided into two parts and generations were advanced in two environments. One was the same as that in which selection had been made and the other was new. When selection was relaxed strains reverted to a mean geotactic score close to that of the populations from which they had been selected. This change was more rapid in the new environment. A series of diallel crosses compared strains for which selection was continued with those for which it was relaxed. An analysis of the components of genetic variation showed that the principle change that had taken place was in the additive component of genetic variation. It was concluded that genetic homeostasis resulted from the action of natural selection on additive genetic variance, a conclusion which is in agreement with one of the three current hypotheses.