KUALITAS FESES DAN PRODUKSI BIOGAS KAMBING KEJOBONG MUDA DAN DEWASA YANG DI BERI PAKAN DENGAN IMBANGAN KONSENTRAT DAN HIJAUAN YANG BERBEDA

Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengkaji produksi biogas dari feses Kambing Kejobong muda dan dewasa dengan imbangan konsentrat dan hijauan yang berbeda. Materi yang digunakan yaitu 8 ekor kambing Kejobong jantan umur muda (± 5 bulan) dengan bobot badan (BB) awal rata-rata 14,03 ± 1,46 kg (CV 10,43%) dan 8 ekor kambing dewasa (± 9 bulan) dengan BB awal rata-rata 22,32 ± 1,99 kg (CV 8,92%). Pakan diberikan dalam bentuk pellet terdiri dari hijauan rumput Kolonjono (Panicum muticum) dan konsentrat (gaplek, bungkil kedelai, molases, dedak padi dan mineral mix). Penelitian menggunakan metode Nested Design yaitu perlakuan pakan tersarang dalam perakuan umur. Perlakuan pakan T1 tersebut adalah (30% konsentrat :70% rumput), sedangkan pakan T2 (30% rumput :70% konsentrat). Variabel yang diamati yaitu produksi feses, kualitas feses ternak dan produksi biogas. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan uji F. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa produksi biogas berbeda nyata, produksi biogas pada T1 lebih tinggi dibandingkan produksi biogas T2 (P

Heritability Estimate for Antibody Response to Vaccination and Survival to a Newcastle Disease Infection of Native chicken in a Low-Input Production System

The Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is the deadliest chicken pathogen in low-input village poultry, and selecting for NDV resistance has been recommended as a sustainable strategy in backyard poultry production systems. However, selecting for disease resistance needs precision data from either a big population sample size or on many generations with good pedigree records for effective prediction of heritability (h2) and breeding values of the foundation stock. Such conditions are almost impossible to meet in low-input backyard production systems. This study aimed at proposing a realistic method for estimating the heritability of the immune response to vaccination and survival of NDV infection in village poultry production to inform a breeding strategy for ND resistance in Cameroon. A 1 and 3% selection intensity of cocks and hens for higher antibody (ab) response (ABR) to vaccination followed by progeny selection of chickens who survived an experimental NDV infection was conducted from an initial population of 1,702 chickens. The selection induced an increase of 1012.47units/ml (p<0.01) of the NDV antibody of the progeny as well as an effective survival rate (ESR) increase of 11.75%. Three methods were used to estimate the heritability (h2) of NDV antibody response to vaccination. h2 was low irrespective of the method with estimates of 0.2227, 0.2442, and 0.2839 for the breeder’s equation method, the graphical method, and the full-sib/half-sib nested design, respectively. The mortality rate of infected chickens was high (86%). The antibody response to selection was not influenced by sex and genetic type even though the opposite was observed (p<0.05) for the ESR to NDV infection with naked neck chickens recording an ESR of 14% against 2.25% for the normal feather type. A very low heritability (0.0891) was observed for the survival against NDV infection. We confirm the evidence of disease resistance and the effect of selection for antibody response to vaccination on the improvement of the survival against NDV disease. Although the full sib/half sib nested design is more appropriate in case of availability of pedigree information, the direct methods are still useful in case of unavailability of full pedigree information. It is recommended that gene expression analysis should be prioritized for disease-resistance assessment and selection of native breeds of poultry.

Produksi dan Kualitas Umbi serta Ketahanan terhadap Hama pada Bawang Merah

Penggunaan pupuk anorganik yang tinggi dalam jangka panjang pada pemupukan bawang merah disertai tingginya biaya pemupukan anorganik dapat mengakibatkan penurunan kualitas bawang merah. Penelitian dilaksanakan bertujuan untuk mempelajari pengaruh penggunaan pupuk kotoran kambing dengan dosis pupuk anorganik terhadap pertumbuhan, produksi, dan kualitas bawang merah, serta ketahanan terhadap hama. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada musim kemarau di bulan September hingga Desember 2019 di Desa Sukorejo, Nganjuk dengan kondisi suhu 23-33 oC dan ketinggian 60 sampai 140 mdpl. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan petak tersarang (nested design), empat ulangan dengan dua faktor. Faktor pertama yaitu pupuk kandang yang terdiri atas dua taraf, dan faktor kedua yaitu pupuk anorganik yang terdiri atas lima taraf. Pupuk anorganik yang digunakan yaitu urea, KCl, dan NPK. Dosis acuan pupuk anorganik menggunakan dosis petani setempat. Pupuk kandang tidak berhasil mengurangi dosis pupuk anorganik pada pertumbuhan bawang merah. Pemberian pupuk kandang secara nyata menurunkan tinggi tanaman 36.88 cm lebih rendah dari tanpa pupuk kandang 39.03 cm tetapi meningkatkan jumlah daun, jumlah anakan dan bobot umbi per rumpun. Penambahan pupuk organik kotoran kambing menyebabkan persentase kerusakan bawang merah 1.40% pada umbi 6 minggu setelah simpan (MSS) tetapi masih di bawah 5% sesuai syarat mutu SNI 01-3159-1992 bawang merah. Kata kunci: bobot umbi, kotoran kambing, pupuk kandang, Super Philip

Productivity and nutrient value of some grasses under shading of rubber tree plantation

This study aimed to determine the productivity and nutrient content of three grasstypes with or without rubber trees shading. It was conducted in May-September 2020at Sangga Buana Village, Seputih Banyak, Central Lampung and Animal Nutrition andFood Laboratory, University of Lampung. This study used nested design with two factorsof rubber trees shaded and grass types with six replications. Both factors were shadedconditions: N0 (land without shade) and N1 (land under rubber trees shade); and grasstypes: elephant grass (A1); setaria (A2); and odot (A3). The results showed the shadeddecreased (P<0.05) leave length of each grass compared to non-shading conditions.Grass under the shade decreased their production and odot grass showed the lowestproduction (P<0.05). The number of tillers and plant height under the shade decreasedsignificantly (P<0.05) on elephant grass and setaria grass. Leaf width under the shadedecreased significantly (P<0.05) on setaria and odot grass. The shaded effected (P<0.05)nutrient content on elephant grass, setaria, and odot. It was concluded that Setariagrass (Setaria sphacelata) had the best productivity under the shaded based on yield.The nutrient content of each grass varied depending on the ability of the grass to adaptto shaded conditions.

A New Statistical Trend in Medical Research – Nested Design

This research is unlike many others in that the concept of the nested design is applied in the medical science as against the trend in the agricultural and social sciences. In this research, we consider a three-stage (2 × 5 × 2) nested design with the factors being Hospital Centre, Days of the week and Ailments such that the days of the week are nested within the centres and the ailments are nested within the days. The replications represent the weight of twelve (12) patients selected randomly for each day in each centre which brings the total number of replications to 240. This work being largely an illustration uses simulated data. Analyses of variance (ANOVA) for the sum of squares across all factors and within replicates were investigated for significance. Results obtained reveal that the days and ailments are significant factors in the experiment at 5% significant level.

OPTIMASI MEDIA KULTUR IN VITRO ANGGREK Dendrobium nobile BERBASIS PUPUK DENGAN PENAMBAHAN AIR KELAPA DAN VITAMIN B1

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui pengaruh kombinasi penambahan air kelapa dan vitamin B1 terhadap pertumbuhan anggrek D. nobile serta mengetahui konsentrasi vitamin B1 yang optimum untuk pertumbuhan anggrek D. nobile pada media kultur in vitro berbasis pupuk. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimen dengan menggunakan rancangan tersarang (nested design) dimana faktor I adalah perlakuan air kelapa (dengan air kelapa dan tanpa air kelapa) dan faktor II adalah variasi konsentrasi vitamin B1 (0 ml.L-1, 0,25 ml.L-1,0,5 ml.L-1, dan 1 ml.L-1). Sampel anggrek yang digunakan adalah bibit anggrek D. nobile (umur 11 bulan) dalam kultur in vitro yang mempunyai keseragaman karakter pertumbuhan (memiliki dua daun dan belum memiliki akar). Pertumbuhan anggrek D. nobile diukur berdasarkan pertambahan jumlah daun, jumlah akar, jumlah tunas, panjang daun, panjang akar, tinggi tanaman, diameter batang, diameter akar, dan berat basah tanaman pada umur 10 minggu setelah subkultur. Data penelitian ini dianalisis menggunakan analisis ragam (Anova) metode rancangan tersarang dengan selang kepercayaan 5% dilanjutkan uji LSD (Least Significant Difference) dengan selang kepercayaan 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan air kelapa memberikan pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap pertambahan diameter batang dan berat basah tanaman sedangkan penambahan vitamin B1 memberikan pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap pertambahan jumlah daun, jumlah akar, dan panjang akar anggrek D. nobile. Konsentrasi vitamin B1 yang optimum untuk pertumbuhan anggrek D. nobile pada media kultur in vitro berbasis pupuk adalah 0,5 ml.L-1 baik pada media yang mengandung ataupun tidak mengandung air kelapa.

Designing a personalized health dashboard: an interdisciplinary and participatory approach. (Preprint)

BACKGROUND Within Dutch Child Health Care (CHC), a 360⁰CHILD-profile is designed to enhance prevention and transformation towards Personalized Health Care. From a personalized preventive perspective, it is of fundamental importance to timely identify children with emerging health problems interrelated to multiple health determinants. While digitalization of children’s health data is now realized, the accessibility of data is a major challenge for CHC-professionals, let alone for parents/youth. Therefore, the idea was initiated from CHC-practice to develop a novel approach to make relevant information accessible at a glance. OBJECTIVE This paper describes the stepwise development of a dashboard, as an example of using a design model to achieve visualization of a comprehensive overview of theoretically structured health data. METHODS Developmental process is based on the nested design model with involvement of relevant stakeholders in a real-life context. This model considers immediate upstream validation within four cascading design levels: Domain Problem and Data Characterization, Operation and Data Type Abstraction, Visual Encoding and Interaction Design, Algorithm Design. This model also includes impact oriented downstream validation, which can be initiated after delivering the prototype. RESULTS A comprehensible 360°CHILD-profile is developed: an online accessible visualization of CHC-data based on the theoretical concept of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health. This dashboard provides caregivers and parents/youth with a holistic view on children’s health and “entry points” for preventive, individualized health plans. CONCLUSIONS Describing this developmental process offers guidance on how to utilize the nested design model within a health care context. CLINICALTRIAL