Linearity of offspring–parent regression in barley

A study was conducted to test the linearity of offspring–parent regression in barley. Forty-two F2 familes and 398 F∞ (i.e., doubled haploid) lines were derived from 7 × 7 diallel crosses. The F2 families, F∞ lines, and their parents were evaluated in hill plots with five replications. Three types of regression analysis (F2 family on midparent, F∞ family on midparent, and F∞ line on midparent) were carried out for grain yield, heading date, plant height, and number of spikes per hill. The linear regression mean square was significant in most cases, but the quadratic regression mean square was not significant in all cases. These results suggest that the true regression of offspring on midparent is linear, although dominance, additive × additive epistasis, and maternal effects were detected for the four traits of the same materials in previous studies.Key words: barley, Hordeum vulgare L., curvilinearity, regression, heritability.

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ESTIMATION OF THE NUMBER OF GENES IN DOUBLED HAPLOID POPULATIONS OF BARLEY (HORDEUM VULGARE)

Canadian Journal of Genetics and Cytology ◽

10.1139/g82-035 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 24 (3) ◽

pp. 337-341 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

T. M. Choo ◽

E. Reinbergs

Keyword(s):

Hordeum Vulgare ◽

Doubled Haploid ◽

Doubled Haploids ◽

Heading Date ◽

Quantitative Character ◽

Genotypic Variance ◽

Hordeum Vulgare L ◽

Sample Mean ◽

Single Cross ◽

Number Of Genes

It was shown that the number of segregating genes affecting a quantitative character in a single cross can be estimated by dividing the square of the deviation of the most extreme doubled haploid from the sample mean by the genotypic variance of doubled haploids. The number of segregating genes was estimated for three characters in four crosses of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). It was found that the number of segregating genes for grain yield, heading date, and plant height ranged from 5 to 11, 6 to 9, and 4 to 13, respectively.

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Comparison of F2 and F∞ diallel analyses in barley

Genome ◽

10.1139/g88-139 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 30 (6) ◽

pp. 865-869 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

T. M. Choo ◽

E. Reinbergs ◽

P. Y. Jui

Keyword(s):

Hordeum Vulgare ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Plant Height ◽

Variance Components ◽

Genetic Variance ◽

Additive Genetic Variance ◽

Heading Date ◽

Diallel Analysis ◽

Hordeum Vulgare L ◽

Hill Plots

A study was conducted in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) to compare the relative magnitudes of heterosis to additive × additive epistasis and to compare F2 and F∞, diallel analyses. Both F2 and F∞, progenies were derived from 7 × 7 diallel crosses. Progenies and their parents were evaluated for grain yield, heading date, plant height, and the number of spikes per hill in hill plots with five replications at Elora (Ontario) in 1978. Results suggested that additive × additive epistasis were present for these traits and its magnitude was similar to that of heterosis estimated in F2. Both F2 and F∞ analyses detected the presence of epistasis. Both analyses provided similar estimates of the additive genetic variance for heading date and the number of spikes per hill, but the F2 analysis provided higher estimates than the F∞ analysis for grain yield and plant height. The estimate for grain yield and plant height obtained from the F2 analysis could be biased upward because of the invalid assumption of no epistasis. Estimates of other genetic variance components from the F2 analysis could be biased also. The F∞ diallel analysis not only provided estimates of additive × additive genetic variance for the four traits, it also allowed detection of nonindependent gene distribution in the parents for three of the four traits. Therefore, the limitations of the F2 diallel analysis in the presence of epistasis were apparent in the study. The F2 diallel analysis, however, could be used to detect dominance and maternal effects and thus to complement the F∞ diallel analysisKey words: barley, Hordeum vulgare, diallels, haploids, epistasis, heterosis.

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COMPARISON OF HILL AND ROW PLOTS FOR AGRONOMIC AND QUALITY TRAITS IN SPRING MALTING BARLEY (Hordeum vulgare L.)

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps90-007 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 70 (1) ◽

pp. 61-69 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

S. TRAGOONRUNG ◽

P. M. HAYES ◽

B. L. JONES

Keyword(s):

Hordeum Vulgare ◽

Recurrent Selection ◽

Agronomic Traits ◽

Malting Quality ◽

Quality Traits ◽

Malting Barley ◽

Seeding Rate ◽

Hordeum Vulgare L ◽

Hill Plot ◽

Hill Plots

Provided they reliably predict row plot performance, hill plots should be useful for doubled haploid recurrent selection in malting barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). The primary objective of this research was to compare hill and row plot expression of agronomic and malting quality traits in an array of elite spring habit barley germplasm grown under irrigated conditions. A supporting objective was to identify an appropriate seeding rate for hill plot evaluation. Eight-replicate hill plots at four seeding rates (10, 20, 30, and 40 seeds per hill) were compared with adjacent four-replicate row plots in each of three environments. Genotype and genotype × environment interactions were significant for most agronomic traits in both plot types. Significant, linear genotype responses to hill plot seeding rates were observed for most agronomic traits. Seeding rate had no consistent effect on the expression of malting quality. The percentage of lines in common in the two plot types at 25 and 50% selection intensities was the most useful comparison statistic and indicated hill plot selection should be effective for most agronomic and malting quality traits. Although yield heritability estimates were consistently high in both hill and row plots, there was little relationship between trait expression in the two plot types. Differential tillering in response to hill plot competition is likely responsible. A seeding rate of 10 seeds per hill should be appropriate in preliminary screening for traits amenable to hill plot selection in irrigated spring habit malting barley.Key words: Hordeum vulgare L., malting quality, breeding methods, barley

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LA MESURE DE L’INTERFÉRENCE DU CHIENDENT DANS L’ORGE

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps82-025 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 62 (1) ◽

pp. 183-188 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

R. RIOUX

Keyword(s):

Regression Analysis ◽

Hordeum Vulgare ◽

Linear Relationship ◽

Linear Relation ◽

Shoot Density ◽

Yield Variability ◽

Hordeum Vulgare L ◽

The Mean ◽

The Relationship ◽

Agropyron Repens

Barley (Hordeum vulgare L. ’Champlain’) was grown with quackgrass (Agropyron repens (L.) Beauv.) at various densities for 3 yr. According to the regression analysis, a linear relation is appropriate to describe the relationship between yield of barley and biomass or density of quackgrass. A greater proportion of yield variability was explained by density (64%) than by biomass (40%). Density is then a better criterion than biomass to predict yield lost in barley. The linear relationship between barley yield and the shoot density of quackgrass is estimated by the following equation: yield barley = 345.3–0.5682 dens, quackgrass. An increase of 10 shoots/m2 in the mean density of quackgrass resulted in a mean loss of 6 g/m2 in the yield of barley.

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COMPARAISON ENTRE DES LIGNEES PEDIGREES ET DES LIGNEES HAPLOIDES DOUBLEES CHEZ L’ORGE (HORDEUM VULGARE L.)

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps80-011 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 60 (1) ◽

pp. 79-85 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

PIERRE TURCOTTE ◽

C. A. ST-PIERRE ◽

KEH MING HO

Keyword(s):

Hordeum Vulgare ◽

Doubled Haploid ◽

Doubled Haploids ◽

Block Design ◽

Pure Line ◽

Kernel Weight ◽

Hordeum Vulgare L ◽

Line Production ◽

Doubled Haploid Lines ◽

Time Required

Pedigree and doubled haploid lines from seven crosses of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) were compared over 2 years. The lines were tested, in a randomized complete block design, in row plots at Ste-Foy in 1977 and in hill plots at Brawley, California in 1978. There are significant differences between the two methods of pure line production for grain yield, 1000-kernel weight, plant height, resistance to lodging and date of maturity. Furthermore, these significant differences between doubled haploid and pedigree lines seem to be tied to wide crosses. After showing that doubled haploids are superior for resistance to lodging, we conclude that the use of doubled haploid lines must be seriously considered in a barley breeding program on the basis of improved selection efficiency and the short time required to get homozygous lines.

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Molecular changes atRrnloci in barley (Hordeum vulgareL.) hybrids withH. bulbosum(L.)

Genome ◽

10.1139/g99-053 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 42 (6) ◽

pp. 1127-1133 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

P Kranthi Kumar ◽

N C Subrahmanyam

Keyword(s):

Hordeum Vulgare ◽

Doubled Haploid ◽

Doubled Haploids ◽

Genetic Material ◽

Conclusive Evidence ◽

Differential Methylation ◽

Rdna Repeat ◽

Hordeum Vulgare L ◽

Differential Distribution ◽

Parental Combination

Southern blots of restriction fragments of genomic DNAs from Hordeum vulgare (L.), H. bulbosum (L.), and interspecific hybrids and their derivatives were hybridized with rDNA probe to identify locus-specific modifications at Rrn loci. H. bulbosum rDNA revealed a single EcoRV site per repeat compared with two sites in H. vulgare rDNA repeats. H. bulbosum accessions possessed at least two rDNA repeat lengths, indicating heterozygosity at the Rrn locus. Hybrids possessed both H. vulgare and H. bulbosum rDNA repeats. Two of the hybrid derivatives possessed bulbosum-specific Sau3AI and HaeIII rDNA fragments, while amphiploid and doubled haploid derivatives lacked H. bulbosum rDNA repeat units and (or) fragments. Two hybrid derivatives, one amphiploid and a doubled haploid derived from the same parental combination, lacked the vulgare Rrn2-specific 9.0-kb rDNA repeat. This is the first conclusive evidence for the elimination of vulgare genetic material in vulgare-bulbosum hybrids. The ratios of 9.0- to 9.9-kb vulgare repeats and H. vulgare to H. bulbosum rDNA repeats indicate partial loss of the vulgare-specific 9.0-kb rDNA repeat among the hybrids. Differences in MboI and Sau3AI fragments and the ratios of 9.0 to 9.9 kb vulgare rDNA repeats revealed differential methylation at Rrn1and Rrn2loci. Hybrids and derivatives showed differential distribution of methylation of EcoRI, BglII, and SacI sites at the Rrn1locus. Two of the hybrid derivatives exhibited extensive CpG-biased methylation. Data presented here are indicative of the differences in the onset of events triggered by the interaction of the component genomes and enabled detection of differential methylation among Rrn loci, loss of H. vulgare genetic material, and development of doubled haploids with the Rrn1locus.Key words: DNA methylation, elimination, Hordeum vulgare, H. bulbosum, Rrn loci.

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Field evaluation of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) genotypes derived from tissue culture

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps92-088 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 72 (3) ◽

pp. 725-733 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

A. M. R. Baillie ◽

K. K. Kartha ◽

B. G. Rossnagel

Keyword(s):

Tissue Culture ◽

Hordeum Vulgare ◽

Somaclonal Variation ◽

Heading Date ◽

Field Evaluation ◽

Weight Percent ◽

Field Trials ◽

Kernel Weight ◽

Small Scale ◽

Hordeum Vulgare L

Somaclonal variation has been observed in plants derived via tissue culture in a number of crops, but evaluation has been on a small scale. This study was conducted to evaluate 72 tissue culture-derived barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) genotypes for somaclonal variation in replicated small-plot field trials. Twenty putative somaclones from the cultivar Abee, 20 from Deuce, 15 from Duke and 17 from Heartland were evaluated at three Saskatchewan locations during 1989. Little variation was observed between regenerants and their respective parent cultivars for days to head, height, yield and yield components. When variation did occur it was generally of negative value, i.e., later heading date; lower test weight, 1000-kernel weight, percent plumpness and yield. Of the four groups, those from Deuce and Duke exhibited the most variation. A 5-d difference in heading date was observed for one Duke derivative and 18 of the 20 Deuce derivatives were shorter than the Deuce control. From this study, it was concluded that somaclonal variation would be of no benefit in a plant-breeding program.Key words: Barley, field evaluation, tissue culture, Hordeum vulgare L.

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Application of denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography for mapping of single nucleotide polymorphisms in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)

Genome ◽

10.1139/g01-053 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 44 (4) ◽

pp. 523-528 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Raja Kota ◽

Markus Wolf ◽

Wolfgang Michalek ◽

Andreas Graner

Keyword(s):

High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽

Liquid Chromatography ◽

Hordeum Vulgare ◽

Dna Sequence ◽

High Throughput ◽

Doubled Haploid ◽

High Performance ◽

Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽

Hordeum Vulgare L ◽

Single Nucleotide

Recent advances in DNA sequence analysis and the establishment of high-throughput assays have provided the framework for large-scale discovery and analysis of DNA sequence variation. In this context, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are of particular interest. To initiate a systematic approach to develop an SNP map of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), we have employed denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography (DHPLC) to analyse segregating SNP patterns in a doubled-haploid (DH) mapping population. To this end, SNPs between the parental genotypes were identified using a direct sequencing approach. Once a SNP was established between the parents, the optimal melting temperature of the PCR fragment containing the SNP was predicted for its analysis by DHPLC. Following the detection of the optimal temperature, the DH lines were analysed for the presence of either of the alleles. To test the utility of the analysis, data from previously mapped RFLP markers from which these SNPs were derived were compared. Results from these experiments indicate that DHPLC can be efficiently employed in analysing SNPs on a high-throughput scale.Key words: denaturing high performance liquid chromatography, doubled-haploid lines, restriction fragment length polymorphism, genetic mapping, molecular markers.

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Doubled haploid production by anther culture for Australian barley breeding

Australian Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.1071/ar9920067 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 43 (1) ◽

pp. 67 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

DJ Luckett ◽

RA Smithard

Keyword(s):

Hordeum Vulgare ◽

Anther Culture ◽

Doubled Haploid ◽

Environmental Conditions ◽

Double Haploid ◽

Spring Barley ◽

Inbred Lines ◽

Minimum Level ◽

Hordeum Vulgare L ◽

Time Of Year

Agarose-solidified media containing maltose and glutamine were used to produce double-haploid lines, by anther culture, from Australian spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) genotypes. Three sets of F1 and two sets of F2 breeder's hybrids were used. Genotype differences were significant for the proportion of anthers responding, and the number of green and albino regenerants per 100 anthers plated. It was confirmed that the environmental conditions experienced by the donor plants (time of year, and field or glasshouse) had a large impact upon explant performance in culture. A minimum level of anther culture efficiency was achieved to allow a breeding program to produce all its inbred lines by this method. The procedure has the potential to save research costs, and deliver improved genotypes to the grower up to four years earlier than conventional methods.

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