Genetics of Gibberella fujikuroi. 1. Inheritance of certain cultural traits

1983 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gurmel S. Sidhu
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Colony Growth ◽  
Infection Process ◽  
Colony Morphology ◽  
Gibberella Fujikuroi ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Colony Color ◽  
Conidial Stage ◽  
Cultural Traits ◽  
Pathogenic Variability

Gibberella fujikuroi (conidial stage Fusarium moniliforme) is a pathogen of many crop species. It exhibits a tremendous cultural and pathogenic variability in the field through sexual and parasexual cycles. This report investigates the inheritance of mating type, colony color, colony morphology, and colony growth rate. The tetrad and random ascospore analysis of variants of these traits, obtained from nature and through mutagenesis, confirm that they are controlled by single nuclear genes. The genes for colony morphology and colony growth rate were linked whereas other genes show independent assortment. These traits can be used as genetic markers in the infection process of this fungus.

Colony growth rate of encrusting marine bryozoans (Electra pilosa and Celleporella hyalina)

2001 ◽  
Vol 263 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pernille Hermansen ◽  
Poul S Larsen ◽  
Hans Ulrik Riisgård
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Colony Growth ◽  
Electra Pilosa

Diversité morphologique en culture, sensibilité au carbendazime et pouvoir pathogène du Tapesia yallundae (anamorphe : Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides)

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (9) ◽  
pp. 1379-1384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Frei ◽  
Daniel Gindrat
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Rapid Growth ◽  
Slow Growth ◽  
Colony Growth ◽  
Sexual Stage ◽  
Pseudocercosporella Herpotrichoides ◽  
Tapesia Yallundae ◽  
Irregular Margin

Three types of colonies (WH, WA, and RA) have been characterized among 2245 isolates of Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides on the basis of colony growth rate and appearance (W, rapid growth and regular margin; R, slow growth and irregular margin) and of the shape of the majority of conidia (H, coiled; A, straight). Apothecia of Tapesia yallundae (anamorph : P. herpotrichoides) were produced on naturally infected stems of winter wheat and barley. Apothecia of an undetermined discomycete were occasionally observed. The progeny of more than 1700 ascospores from 72 apothecia of T. yallundae was distributed among the three types of colonies. These types remained stable through successive conidial and mycelial subcultures. All three colony types were sometimes obtained from a single apothecium. WH and WA were the most common, while RH was never observed. WA isolates were more often resistant than WH isolates to carbendazim. Inoculations of wheat and barley stems with ascospores of T. yallundae were unsuccessful, while inoculations with conidia or mycelium resulted in eyespot lesions. During equivalent periods, RA isolates were less virulent than WH and WA. Key words: cereals, eyespot, Deuteromycetes, sexual stage, Hordeum vulgare, Triticum aestivum.

Spontaneous mutability and colony morphology of Gibberella baccata

1986 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 932-941 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. B. Lawrence ◽  
Paul E. Nelson ◽  
T. A. Toussoun
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Aerial Mycelium ◽  
Morphological Type ◽  
Colony Morphology ◽  
Fusarium Lateritium ◽  
Original Culture ◽  
Mutator Activity ◽  
Unknown Factor ◽  
Spontaneous Mutability ◽  
Colony Color

Cultural instability is a common phenomenon in the genus Fusarium. As with other species, Gibberella baccata (Fusarium lateritium) contains cultures that are less morphologically stable than others. When grown on certain media, such as potato dextrose agar, these cultures produce areas of aberrant growth (mutant patches) after 6 weeks. Single conidial cultures from these patches produce colonies different from the original culture and from each other in growth rate, colony color, aerial mycelium production, and pionnote production. Random ascospore analyses of crosses of the original morphological type to the mutant types showed there had been a one gene change in each case. Mutant patch forming and nonforming isolates of Gibberella baccata were crossed in all possible combinations, and the progeny were rated for ability to produce mutant patches. Broad sense heritability estimates for inheritance of mutant patch formation were high (60.0 to 95.9%), strongly indicating a genetic basis with a limited number of genes involved. The mutator activity of these genes appeared to be conditional and mutant patch development was dependent on the presence of some unknown factor in certain media rich in carbohydrates and other compounds.Key words: Gibberella baccata, Fusarium lateritium, colony morphology, spontaneous mutability, cultural instability.

scholarly journals Morphologial variation in colonies of Chalara fraxinea isolated from ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.) stems with symptoms of dieback and effects of temperature on colony growth and structure

2012 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tadeusz Kowalski ◽  
Czesław Bartnik
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Colony Growth ◽  
Malt Extract ◽  
Optimum Temperature ◽  
Ash Trees ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Main Factor

The present paper presents the results of long-term observations of differences in growth and morphology of colonies of <i>C. fraxinea</i> isolated from ash stems with symptoms of dieback and the results of studies on effects of temperature on growth and morphology of colonies <i>in vitro</i>. Thirty randomly chosen <i>C. fraxinea</i> cultures, originating from six Forest Districts in southern and northern Poland, viz. Andrychów, Gryfice, Kańczuga, Lębork, Miechów and Mircze, were included in the temperature assay. Colony growth and morphology were evaluated <i>in vitro</i>, on malt extract agar. Two replicates of each isolate were incubated at 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30°C in darkness. Colonies of <i>C. fraxinea</i> isolated from necrotic stem tissues of diseased ash trees differed greatly in colour, structure, growth rate, presence of sectors and stromata as well as the intensity of conidial sporulation. Colony characters were often lost in further sub-cultures grown on the same medium. Colonies of <i>C. fraxinea</i> grew at 5-25°C <i>in vitro</i>. Three isolates still grew, though slowly, at 30°C. The optimum temperature for growth was 20°C. Among 30 isolates tested, five grew most quickly at 25°C and four at 15°C. Differences among colony diameters recorded at 5, 10, 15, 20 and 30°C were statistically significant, while differences at 15 and 25°C were not. At some temperatures, statistically significant differences in growth rate were related to the origin of the isolates. There were three main colony colour types. Temperature was the main factor affecting colony morphology <i>in vitro</i>. The formation of sectors was observed in 36% of colonies, pseudoparenchymatous stromata in 10.4% of colonies, and white crystalline substances in 53.3% of colonies. The results of <i>in vitro</i> observations were used for discussion of the effects of temperature on growth and activity of <i>C. fraxinea</i> <i>in vivo</i>.

scholarly journals Characterization and virulence determination of Colletotrichum kahawae isolates from Gidami, Western Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 004-013
Author(s):  
W Zenebe ◽  
T Daniel ◽  
G Weyessa
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Severity Index ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Colletotrichum Kahawae ◽  
Mycelia Growth ◽  
Color Density ◽  
Colony Color ◽  
Sporulation Capacity ◽  
Western Ethiopia

Coffee is one of the most essential crops that generate income for Ethiopian economic growth. However, its production faced with many factors primarily biotic entities. Among these, the fungal pathogen /Colletotrichum kahawae/ that induce coffee berry disease (CBD) is the main constraint of coffee production in the country. The pathogen is a very specialized and infects the green berries/fiscal par/which diminishes the income gained from it and disturbs the country’s economy in general and the producers in particular. Regarding to the disease level and related factors, little information is available in Western Ethiopia. Hence, this study was initiated to assess the magnitude of CBD in coffee fields, to characterize and evaluate the virulence of C. kahawae isolates from the study areas of Gidami district. Assessment was done in 9 selected kebeles of 45 total farms starting from July 2017. The results indicated that CBD was prevalence in all assessed areas with the range of 66% to 86% and 16% to 50% disease incidence and severity index (SI), respectively. The highest CBD intensity was observed in higher altitude with a significant positive correlation between disease incidence (r = 0.61) and severity (r = 0.55). Macro and microscopic characterization results revealed isolates diversity in terms of colony color, density, mycelia growth rate and conidial production. Moreover, mycelia growth rate differs significantly (p < 0.001) in the range between 2.2 to 4.3 mm/24 hrs. Similarly, the sporulation capacity widely ranged from 186.1 to 572.3 spores/ml. This were strongly agreed with the virulence test that revealed significant variation (p < 0.001) among isolates and infection percentage also ranged between 34.8% and 88.7%. In all, the study was not only showed the CBD is very important disease of coffee in the study area but also determines the virulence disparity among isolates. To be honest, the diversity/identity of C. kahawae isolates should be confirmed using more other reliable methods thru including additional sample areas as well.

scholarly journals Autostimulation of growth by human myelogenous leukemia cells (HL-60)

Blood ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 803-812 ◽  
Author(s):  
JK Brennan ◽  
CN Abboud ◽  
JF DiPersio ◽  
GH Barlow ◽  
MA Lichtman
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Cell Line ◽  
Conditioned Medium ◽  
Cell Density ◽  
Leukemia Cell ◽  
High Growth ◽  
Colony Growth ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Myelogenous Leukemia ◽  
Leukemia Cell Line

Abstract We have studied the effects of medium conditioned by the human progranulocytic leukemia cell line, HL-60, on the subsequent growth of new inocula of HL-60 cells. When HL-60 cells were cultured at high cell density, optimal growth rate occurred in liquid suspension and confluent colony growth was observed in viscous medium without the addition of conditioned medium. However, when cells were cultured at lower cell density, growth rate was reduced and colony growth was nil unless conditioned medium from HL-60 culture was added. All HL-60 populations studied, including the earliest available passage, 9, both elaborated and responded to HL-60 CM. HL-60 CM did not stimulate normal human or mouse granulocyte-monocyte colony-forming cell (CFU-GM) growth. Conditioned media from other human cell lines varied in the ability to stimulate HL-60 cell and CFU-GM proliferation. Some, such as GCT CM, stimulated both HL-60 cells and normal CFU-GM, whereas others, like HL-60 CM, stimulated only HL-60 growth. The majority of cell line CMs tested did not stimulate either HL-60 or CFU-GM. Chromatography of HL-60 CM on Ultrogel AcA54 showed a single peak of HL-60 stimulating activity of apparent molecular weight 13,000. The ability of HL-60 cells to elaborate this activity provides a possible explanation for their proliferation at higher cell densities. Autostimulation may prove to be important in the high growth potential of other cell populations that undergo unrepressed proliferation.

Life history variation in Celleporella hyalina (Bryozoa)

1986 ◽  
Vol 228 (1251) ◽  
pp. 127-132 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Life History ◽  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Water Flow ◽  
Reproductive Output ◽  
Life History Strategy ◽  
Colony Growth ◽  
Allocation Of Resources ◽  
Life History Variation ◽  
Male And Female

In colonies of the cheilostome bryozoan Celleporella hyalina (L.), water flow regime has a significant effect on colony growth rate and, indirectly, on the number of reproductive zooids produced. Higher growth rates occur under conditions of higher water flow. Sex ratio and reproductive output are not, however, significantly affected. Colonies of different genotypes show significant differences in their reproductive versus somatic investment, and in their allocation of resources to male and female functions. There is therefore genetically based variation in life history strategy within the population of colonies. This variation may reflect limitation of normalizing selection imposed by microenvironmental variability.

scholarly journals Quantification of In Planta Zymoseptoria tritici Progression Through Different Infection Phases and Related Association with Components of Aggressiveness

2020 ◽  
Vol 110 (6) ◽  
pp. 1208-1215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atikur Rahman ◽  
Fiona Doohan ◽  
Ewen Mullins
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Latent Period ◽  
Host Resistance ◽  
Infection Process ◽  
Early Infection ◽  
Septoria Tritici Blotch ◽  
Septoria Tritici ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Zymoseptoria Tritici ◽  
Host Interaction

In planta growth of Zymoseptoria tritici, causal agent of Septoria tritici blotch of wheat, during the infection process has remained an understudied topic due to the long symptomless latent period before the emergence of fruiting bodies. In this study, we attempted to understand the relationship between in planta growth of Z. tritici relative to the primary components of aggressiveness, i.e., latent period and pycnidia coverage in regard to contrasting host resistance. We tested isolates collected from Ireland against the susceptible cultivar Gallant and cultivar Stigg, which has strong partial resistance. A clear isolate−host interaction effect (F = 3.018; P = 0.005, and F = 6.008; P < 0.001) for latent period and pycnidia coverage, respectively, was identified. Furthermore, during the early infection phase of latency from 5 to 11 days postinoculation (dpi), in planta growth rate of fungal biomass was significantly (F = 30.06; P < 0.001) more affected by host resistance than isolate specificity (F = 1.27; P = 0.27), indicating the importance of host resistance in the early infection phase. In planta Z. tritici growth rates in cultivar Gallant spiked between 11 and 16 dpi followed by a continuous fall onward, whereas in cultivar Stigg it was slowly progressive in nature. From correlation and regression analysis, we found that the in planta growth rate preceding the average latent period of cultivar Gallant has more influence on latency duration and pycnidia production. Likewise, correlation between component of aggressiveness and in planta growth rate of pathogen supports our understanding of aggressiveness to be driven by the pathogen’s multiplication capacity within host tissue.

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