Certation between euploid and aneuploid pollen grains from a tertiary trisomic of rye, Secale cereale L.

Genome ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 353-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Janse
Keyword(s):  
Secale Cereale ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Seed Set ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Extra Chromosome ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Secale Cereale L

Male transmission of the translocated extra chromosome 5R3R was studied in a tertiary trisomic of rye (Secale cereale L.) using two pollination densities. With abundant pollen, male transmission reached 4%. When a mean of four pollen grains were brought on every stigma (restricted pollination), a transmission rate of 20% was obtained. Seed set, mean seed weight, germination percentage, and the percentage of plants finally surviving were lower in the case of restricted pollination. It was concluded that certation between euploid and aneuploid pollen grains plays a decisive role in male transmission of the translocated chromosome. Although it was previously shown that aneuploid microspores have a delayed development, a large proportion must have reached maturity before anthesis. Therefore, genetic factors determining male transmission rate will primarily be expressed during pollen germination and tube growth rather than before anthesis. Key words: rye, tertiary trisomic, euploid pollen grains, aneuploid pollen grains, certation.

Effect of potato spindle tuber viroid on sexual reproduction and viroid transmission in true potato seed

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 336-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. E. Grasmick ◽  
S. A. Slack
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Development ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Seed Set ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Potato Spindle Tuber Viroid ◽  
Potato Seed ◽  
True Potato Seed ◽  
Viroid Infection

The effect of potato spindle tuber viroid infection on pollen viability, fruit-set, botanical seed set, seed weight, and seed germination in potatoes was determined. Pollen collected from the infected cultivar 'Monona' was less viable than pollen collected from healthy plants. Pollen collected from infected plants reduced seed set significantly but did not reduce fruit development or seed set in all cultivars tested. For some cultivars, infected maternal plants increased the frequency of fruit development and seed weight compared with healthy controls. True potato seed from viroid-infected 'Katahdin' × 'Superior' crosses germinated at a higher rate than did seed from comparable uninfected parents. Progeny from viroid-infected parents that exhibited potato spindle tuber viroidlike symptoms did not always test positive for potato spindle tuber viroid by bioassay or polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis tests. Efficiency of potato spindle tuber viroid detection by bioassay was highest for seedlings 2 weeks after imbibition. Potato spindle tuber viroid was detected in 100% of the progeny tested after true potato seed was stored at 4 °C for 12 years. Tests on selfed true potato seed from the viroid-infected cultivar 'Monona' demonstrated a transmission rate of 100% after subinoculation of initial bioassay plants.

Cross-incompatibility of common wheat with rye: effect of varying the day of pollination on seed set and development

1978 ◽  
Vol 56 (23) ◽  
pp. 3000-3007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julian B. Thomas ◽  
R. Glenn Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Common Wheat ◽  
Secale Cereale ◽  
Seed Set ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Hybrid Seed ◽  
Intergeneric Cross ◽  
Secale Cereale L ◽  
Wheat Spike

Varieties of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell.) of low wheat–rye crossability showed increased seed set if pollinated with cultivated rye (Secale cereale L.) before the wheat spike attained maximum receptivity to wheat pollen (before the stage of first anthesis). After first anthesis the development of hybrid seed progressively deteriorated with increasing lateness of pollination. Premature or 'bud' pollination may be a useful approach for overcoming intergeneric cross-incompatibility barriers in the Triticineae.

The effect of rye genotype on wheat–rye crossability and on the development of F1 seed

1983 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 668-670 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graham J. Scoles
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Secale Cereale ◽  
Seed Set ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Hybrid Seed ◽  
Secale Cereale L

Five inbred lines of rye (Secale cereale L.) and an open-pollinated rye cultivar were used to pollinate wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars of differeing crossability. No hybrid seed was produced with the cultivar of low crossability, but with the highly crossable cultivar an average seed set of 65% was obtained. Significant differences in terms of seed set and weight of F1 seed were detected among the inbreds.

scholarly journals Pollination and Seed Production in Viola

HortScience ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 633-639
Author(s):  
Daiichiro Miyajima
Keyword(s):  
Seed Set ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Fertilization Success ◽  
The Other ◽  
Flowering Period ◽  
Flower Longevity ◽  
Ovule Number ◽  
Germination Of Pollen ◽  
Mature Seeds

The seed producing system in viola (Viola ×cornuta) was investigated to improve seed yield and to save labor. In a flower five anthers sequentially dehisced; pollen grains were continuously supplied to the anterior petal, which played a significant role in pollination, throughout the flowering period. Evidence from pollen and ovule number suggests that the species is facultative autogamy. Each flower opened more than 10 days was independent of the success in fertilization and kept seed producing ability during the flower longevity period. Pollen grains also maintained viability during the flower longevity period. Pollinators were indispensable for pollination of viola, but pollination in viola was done by a different mechanism from the typical insect-mediated pollination that sticky pollen grains adhere to the exposed stigmas. Pollen grains, accumulated around the entrance of the stigmatic cavity, entered into the cavity by the movement of pollinators. Although the visitation of pollinators was occasional, solitary bees primarily contributed to the pollination of viola. On the other hand, germination of pollen grains on the stigmatic surface was under 50%. Seed set was much lower than the germination percentage of pollen grains. A viola flower had the ability for additional pollinations and fertilization for some days after the fertilization success in some ovules in the flower. This characteristic suggested that repeated pollination is effective to increase the number of mature seeds in a capsule.

TRISOMIC TRANSMISSION IN LOTUS PEDUNCULATUS

1968 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 648-654 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chi-Chang Chen ◽  
W. F. Grant
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Germination ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Extra Chromosome ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Tube Growth ◽  
Male Gametes ◽  
Meiotic Irregularities ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Lotus Pedunculatus

Transmission of the extra chromosome was studied for four primary trisomic types of Lotus pedunculatus Cav., named Broad, Pointed, Narrow, and Small (trisomic for chromosomes 3, 4, 5 and 6, respectively). Despite the low frequency of transmission (average 9.2%), parental trisomics were recovered in all of the four trisomic types. No significant difference was found between pollen and ovule transmission. It was suggested that either there is no difference in germination and tube growth between the n and n + 1 pollen grains, or selection against the n + 1 male gametes in pollen germination and tube growth is balanced by the mechanism (s) selecting against the n + 1 female gametes. Although there were variations in transmission rate within the same trisomic types, the shorter extra chromosomes tended to be transmitted more frequently than the longer ones. This was interpreted as reflecting the degree of genic unbalance created by the extra chromosome in gametes and zygotes. The longer the extra chromosome, the greater would be the unbalance, and hence the less chance there would be for the n + 1 gametes and 2n + 1 zygotes to be viable. The trisomic types Small and Narrow produced a few unrelated trisomics in their progenies. It was considered that meiotic irregularities in these trisomic types could account for the production of such unrelated trisomics.

Effet antioxydant et antihyperglycémiant du seigle (Secale cereale L.) et du sorgho (Sorghum bicolor L.) chez le rat Wistar rendu diabétique

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (S1) ◽  
pp. S273-S283
Author(s):  
Z. Mami-Soualem ◽  
N. Brixi ◽  
C. Beghdad ◽  
M. Belarbi
Keyword(s):  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Secale Cereale ◽  
Stress Oxydant ◽  
Habitudes Alimentaires ◽  
Diabète Sucré ◽  
Secale Cereale L ◽  
Vitamine C ◽  
Fibres Alimentaires ◽  
Peroxydation Lipidique ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor L

Le changement des habitudes alimentaires au cours de ces dernières années a abouti à l’apparition des maladies dites de civilisation, parmi elles le diabète sucré. Des approches diétothérapeutiques privilégient la consommation des produits céréaliers sous la forme la plus complète possible. Ce travail a pour but de tester l’efficacité des régimes expérimentaux préparés à base des grains complets des deux céréales, le sorgho (Sorghum bicolor L.) et le seigle (Secale cereale L.), sur la correction de l’hyperglycémie et des marqueurs du stress oxydant associés au diabète chez le rat mâle Wistar. Les résultats montrent que les rats diabétiques, soumis au régime seigle pendant quatre semaines, présentent une diminution significative de la glycémie qui atteint les 53,95 % à la fin de l’expérimentation, ce qui fait que leur taux en glycémie se rapproche de celui des normoglycémiques. Le sorgho blanc présente, d’une part, une diminution significative de la peroxydation lipidique intracellulaire et, d’autre part, une augmentation de l’activité de la glutathion peroxydase, la glutathion réductase ainsi que la vitamine C. Ces approches méthodologiques peuvent, en améliorant la connaissance de l’importance des céréales (fibres alimentaires solubles et des polyphénols) dans l’évolution du diabète, aboutir à des recommandations et à une éducation nutritionnelle du diabétique.

scholarly journals Production of Methane, Hydrogen and Ethanol from Secale cereale L. Straw Pretreated with Sulfuric Acid

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 1013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jarosław Domański ◽  
Olga Marchut-Mikołajczyk ◽  
Weronika Cieciura-Włoch ◽  
Piotr Patelski ◽  
Urszula Dziekońska-Kubczak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Secale Cereale ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Ethanol Yield ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Enzyme Treatment ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Rye Straw ◽  
Secale Cereale L

The study describes sulfuric acid pretreatment of straw from Secale cereale L. (rye straw) to evaluate the effect of acid concentration and treatment time on the efficiency of biofuel production. The highest ethanol yield occurred after the enzyme treatment at a dose of 15 filter paper unit (FPU) per gram of rye straw (subjected to chemical hydrolysis with 2% sulfuric acid (SA) at 121 °C for 1 h) during 120 h. Anaerobic digestion of rye straw treated with 10% SA at 121 °C during 1 h allowed to obtain 347.42 L methane/kg volatile solids (VS). Most hydrogen was released during dark fermentation of rye straw after pretreatment of 2% SA, 121 °C, 1 h and 1% SA, 121 °C, 2 h—131.99 and 134.71 L hydrogen/kg VS, respectively. If the rye straw produced in the European Union were processed into methane, hydrogen, ethanol, the annual electricity production in 2018 could reach 9.87 TWh (terawatt-hours), 1.16 TWh, and 0.60 TWh, respectively.

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