Production of Methane, Hydrogen and Ethanol from Secale cereale L. Straw Pretreated with Sulfuric Acid

The study describes sulfuric acid pretreatment of straw from Secale cereale L. (rye straw) to evaluate the effect of acid concentration and treatment time on the efficiency of biofuel production. The highest ethanol yield occurred after the enzyme treatment at a dose of 15 filter paper unit (FPU) per gram of rye straw (subjected to chemical hydrolysis with 2% sulfuric acid (SA) at 121 °C for 1 h) during 120 h. Anaerobic digestion of rye straw treated with 10% SA at 121 °C during 1 h allowed to obtain 347.42 L methane/kg volatile solids (VS). Most hydrogen was released during dark fermentation of rye straw after pretreatment of 2% SA, 121 °C, 1 h and 1% SA, 121 °C, 2 h—131.99 and 134.71 L hydrogen/kg VS, respectively. If the rye straw produced in the European Union were processed into methane, hydrogen, ethanol, the annual electricity production in 2018 could reach 9.87 TWh (terawatt-hours), 1.16 TWh, and 0.60 TWh, respectively.

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Hazlet winter rye

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps07171 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 88 (3) ◽

pp. 527-529 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

J. G. McLeod ◽

Y. Gan

Keyword(s):

Secale Cereale ◽

Agricultural Research ◽

Kernel Weight ◽

Test Weight ◽

Research Centre ◽

Winter Rye ◽

Lodging Resistance ◽

Canadian Prairies ◽

Rye Straw ◽

Secale Cereale L

Hazlet is a cultivar of winter rye (Secale cereale L.), developed at the Semiarid Prairie, Agricultural Research Centre, Research Branch, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Swift Current, SK. Straw of Hazlet is about 10% shorter than tall cultivars such as Prima. Lodging resistance is poorer than AC Rifle and similar to Prima and Dakota. Hazlet has good winter survival and is well adapted to the Canadian Prairies. Kernels are about 16% larger and the test weight is significantly greater than the check cultivars. Grain yield is about 16% grater than that of Prima. Key words: Cultivar description, winter rye, straw strength, reduced plant height, test weight, kernel weight, Secale cereale L.

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Biotechnological Preparation of Gelatines from Chicken Feet

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym11061060 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 1060 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Pavel Mokrejš ◽

Petr Mrázek ◽

Robert Gál ◽

Jana Pavlačková

Keyword(s):

Treatment Time ◽

Gel Strength ◽

Raw Material ◽

Enzyme Treatment ◽

Process Conditions ◽

The European Union ◽

Material Source ◽

Suitable Alternative ◽

Factor Design ◽

Process Factors

In the European Union (EU), about five tons of poultry by-product tissues are produced every year. Due to their high collagen content, they represent a significant raw material source for gelatine production. The aim of the paper was the biotechnological preparation of gelatine from chicken feet. The influence of selected process factors on the gelatine yield, gel strength, viscosity, and ash of gelatine was observed; a two-level factor design of experiments with three variable process factors (enzyme addition, enzyme treatment time, and gelatine extraction time) was applied. After grinding and separating soluble proteins and fat, the purified raw material was treated in water at pH 7.5 with the addition of endoprotease at 23 °C and after thorough washing with water at 80 °C, gelatine was extracted. By the suitable choice of process conditions, gelatine with high gel strength (220–320 bloom), low ash content (<2.0%) and viscosity of 3.5–7.3 mPa·s can be prepared. The extraction efficiency was 18–38%. The presented technology is innovative mainly by the enzymatic processing of the source raw material, which is economically, technologically, and environmentally beneficial for manufacturers. Chicken gelatines are a suitable alternative to gelatines made from mammals or fish, and can be used in many food, pharmaceutical, and biomedical applications.

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Comparison of Cellulose Pyrolysis in Molten NaOH, Ca (OH)2 and Composite Alkali

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.852.40 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 852 ◽

pp. 40-43

Author(s):

Wu Long Yang ◽

Hong Tao Jiang ◽

Wei Hua ◽

Ye Ru Wu ◽

Feng Wen Yu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Renewable Energy ◽

Energy Production ◽

Fossil Fuels ◽

Renewable Resource ◽

Biofuel Production ◽

Electricity Production ◽

Human Society ◽

The European Union ◽

The Past ◽

Future Challenges

With the rapid increase of social requirements on energy, as well as the increasing deterioration of the global environment, energy production becomes one of the most important future challenges for human society. In this context, biomass has become a renewable resource with high potential for energy production [1]. In recent years, the demand for and use of renewable energy has increased globally [. Bio-energy is regarded as one of the key options to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions and substitute fossil fuels, especially obvious in Europe. Over the past 10-15 years, heat and electricity production from biomass increased with some 2% and 9% per year, respectively, biofuel production increased about eight-fold in the same period between 1990 and 2000. Biomass contributed some two-thirds of the total renewable energy production in the European Union (EU) (2000 PJ) or 4% of the total energy supply in 1999 [.

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Effet antioxydant et antihyperglycémiant du seigle (Secale cereale L.) et du sorgho (Sorghum bicolor L.) chez le rat Wistar rendu diabétique

Phytothérapie ◽

10.3166/phyto-2018-0013 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 16 (S1) ◽

pp. S273-S283

Author(s):

Z. Mami-Soualem ◽

N. Brixi ◽

C. Beghdad ◽

M. Belarbi

Keyword(s):

Sorghum Bicolor ◽

Secale Cereale ◽

Stress Oxydant ◽

Habitudes Alimentaires ◽

Diabète Sucré ◽

Secale Cereale L ◽

Vitamine C ◽

Fibres Alimentaires ◽

Peroxydation Lipidique ◽

Sorghum Bicolor L

Le changement des habitudes alimentaires au cours de ces dernières années a abouti à l’apparition des maladies dites de civilisation, parmi elles le diabète sucré. Des approches diétothérapeutiques privilégient la consommation des produits céréaliers sous la forme la plus complète possible. Ce travail a pour but de tester l’efficacité des régimes expérimentaux préparés à base des grains complets des deux céréales, le sorgho (Sorghum bicolor L.) et le seigle (Secale cereale L.), sur la correction de l’hyperglycémie et des marqueurs du stress oxydant associés au diabète chez le rat mâle Wistar. Les résultats montrent que les rats diabétiques, soumis au régime seigle pendant quatre semaines, présentent une diminution significative de la glycémie qui atteint les 53,95 % à la fin de l’expérimentation, ce qui fait que leur taux en glycémie se rapproche de celui des normoglycémiques. Le sorgho blanc présente, d’une part, une diminution significative de la peroxydation lipidique intracellulaire et, d’autre part, une augmentation de l’activité de la glutathion peroxydase, la glutathion réductase ainsi que la vitamine C. Ces approches méthodologiques peuvent, en améliorant la connaissance de l’importance des céréales (fibres alimentaires solubles et des polyphénols) dans l’évolution du diabète, aboutir à des recommandations et à une éducation nutritionnelle du diabétique.

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Cereals and cereal products. Determination of Besatz in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.), rye (Secale cereale L.) and feed barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)

10.3403/30156349 ◽

2008 ◽

Keyword(s):

Triticum Aestivum ◽

Hordeum Vulgare ◽

Secale Cereale ◽

Triticum Durum ◽

Triticum Aestivum L ◽

Hordeum Vulgare L ◽

Cereal Products ◽

Secale Cereale L ◽

Triticum Durum Desf

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Effects of Ultrasound on Fermentation of Glucose to Ethanol by Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Fermentation ◽

10.3390/fermentation5010016 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 16 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Luis Huezo ◽

Ajay Shah ◽

Frederick Michel

Keyword(s):

Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽

Mass Transfer ◽

Glucose Uptake ◽

Ethanol Production ◽

Ethanol Yield ◽

Biofuel Production ◽

Inhibitory Effects ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Intraparticle Mass Transfer ◽

Improve Mass Transfer

Previous studies have shown that pretreatment of corn slurries using ultrasound improves starch release and ethanol yield during biofuel production. However, studies on its effects on the mass transfer of substrates and products during fermentation have shown that it can have both beneficial and inhibitory effects. In this study, the effects of ultrasound on mass transfer limitations during fermentation were examined. Calculation of the external and intraparticle observable moduli under a range of conditions indicate that no external or intraparticle mass transfer limitations should exist for the mass transfer of glucose, ethanol, or carbon dioxide. Fermentations of glucose to ethanol using Saccharomyces cerevisiae were conducted at different ultrasound intensities to examine its effects on glucose uptake, ethanol production, and yeast population and viability. Four treatments were compared: direct ultrasound at intensities of 23 and 32 W/L, indirect ultrasound (1.4 W/L), and no-ultrasound. Direct and indirect ultrasound had negative effects on yeast performance and viability, and reduced the rates of glucose uptake and ethanol production. These results indicate that ultrasound during fermentation, at the levels applied, is inhibitory and not expected to improve mass transfer limitations.

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Biofuel production from bio-waste by biological and physical conversion processes

Waste Management & Research ◽

10.1177/0734242x19868513 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 38 (1) ◽

pp. 69-77

Author(s):

Noppawan Photong ◽

Jaruwan Wongthanate

Keyword(s):

Water Hyacinth ◽

Oxygen Demand ◽

Cassava Starch ◽

Biofuel Production ◽

Conversion Process ◽

Electricity Production ◽

Biological Conversion ◽

Initial Ph ◽

Biomethane Production ◽

Product Standard

This research is focused on the feasibility of biofuel from water hyacinth mixed with cassava starch sediment by biological and physical conversion processes and the comparison of the gross electricity production in these processes. The biological conversion process produced biomethane by anaerobic digestion. The optimal conditions of biomethane production were a ratio of water hyacinth and cassava starch sediment at 25:75, initial pH of 7.5, thermophilic temperature (55 ± 2°C) and C/N ratio of 30. The maximum biomethane yield measured was 436.82 mL CH4 g chemical oxygen demand (COD)−1 and the maximum COD removal was 87.40%. The physical conversion process was bio-briquette. It was found that the ratios of water hyacinth and cassava starch sediment at 10:90, 20:80, 30:70, 40:60 and 50:50 were the best ratio of fuel properties and close to the Thai Community Product Standard, with heating values of 15.66, 15.43, 15.10, 14.88 and 14.58 MJ kg−1, respectively. Moreover, results showed that the gross electricity production of the biological conversion process (biomethane) was 3.90 kWh and the gross electricity production of the physical conversion process (bio-briquette) from the ratios of water hyacinth and cassava starch sediment at 10:90, 20:80, 30:70, 40:60 and 50:50 were 1.52, 1.50, 1.47, 1.45 and 1.42 kWh, respectively.

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