The Giemsa banding pattern of canine chromosomes, using a cell synchronization technique

Genome ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 407-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana M. Stone ◽  
Peter B. Jacky ◽  
David J. Prieur
Keyword(s):  
Banding Pattern ◽  
Domestic Dog ◽  
Doberman Pinscher ◽  
Cell Synchronization ◽  
Unequivocal Identification ◽  
Lymphocyte Cultures ◽  
Resolution Level ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Canine Chromosome ◽  
Boxer Dogs

Cytogenetic investigations of the domestic dog, Canis familiaris, were performed on one Doberman pinscher and two Boxer dogs. Conventional homogeneously stained and G-banded metaphases from peripheral blood lymphocyte cultures synchronized with amethopterin and bromodeoxyuridine were studied. These procedures permitted the unequivocal identification of all canine chromosomes. A canine chromosome idiogram was constructed on the basis of the G-banding pattern at the haploid 327-band resolution level. The secondary constrictions and tapering of the telomeric regions characteristic of several canine chromosomes are described. Q-, C-, and NOR-banding were also performed and the salient features are described. This karyotype should enhance the value of the canine species in cytogenetic investigations.Key words: canine karyotype, G-banding, Q-banding, C-banding, NOR-banding, cell synchronization idiogram.

scholarly journals JunB Breakdown in Mid-/Late G2 Is Required for Down-Regulation of Cyclin A2 Levels and Proper Mitosis

2008 ◽  
Vol 28 (12) ◽  
pp. 4173-4187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosa Farràs ◽  
Véronique Baldin ◽  
Sandra Gallach ◽  
Claire Acquaviva ◽  
Guillaume Bossis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Tumor Suppressor ◽  
Genetic Instability ◽  
S Phase ◽  
Subsequent Reduction ◽  
Suppressor Activity ◽  
Cell Synchronization ◽  
Tumor Suppressor Activity ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Cyclin A2

ABSTRACT JunB, a member of the AP-1 family of dimeric transcription factors, is best known as a cell proliferation inhibitor, a senescence inducer, and a tumor suppressor, although it also has been attributed a cell division-promoting activity. Its effects on the cell cycle have been studied mostly in G1 and S phases, whereas its role in G2 and M phases still is elusive. Using cell synchronization experiments, we show that JunB levels, which are high in S phase, drop during mid- to late G2 phase due to accelerated phosphorylation-dependent degradation by the proteasome. The forced expression of an ectopic JunB protein in late G2 phase indicates that JunB decay is necessary for the subsequent reduction of cyclin A2 levels in prometaphase, the latter event being essential for proper mitosis. Consistently, abnormal JunB expression in late G2 phase entails a variety of mitotic defects. As these aberrations may cause genetic instability, our findings contrast with the acknowledged tumor suppressor activity of JunB and reveal a mechanism by which the deregulation of JunB might contribute to tumorigenesis.

scholarly journals Comparative evaluation of diepoxybutane sensitivity and cell cycle blockage in the diagnosis of Fanconi anemia

Blood ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 85 (8) ◽  
pp. 2233-2237 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Seyschab ◽  
R Friedl ◽  
Y Sun ◽  
D Schindler ◽  
H Hoehn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Fanconi Anemia ◽  
Chromosomal Instability ◽  
Clinical Suspicion ◽  
Flow Cytometric ◽  
Lymphocyte Cultures ◽  
A Cell ◽  
G2 Phase ◽  
Cellular Feature ◽  
Overt Leukemia

Fanconi anemia (FA) is a clinically and genetically heterogenous disease that is usually diagnosed on the basis of chromosomal instability reflecting the hypersensitivity towards the DNA cross-linking agents diepoxybutane (DEB) and/or mitomycin C. A less well-known cellular feature that characterizes FA patients is an intrinsic cell cycle disturbance consisting of prolonged progression through, and arrest within, the G2 phase compartment of the cell cycle. In a collaborative blind study, we have evaluated 72-hour lymphocyte cultures from 66 patients with clinical suspicion of FA both for DEB sensitivity and cell cycle disturbance. A concordant result was obtained in 63 of 66 cases. Each of the 3 discordant, but only 1 of the concordant cases presented with overt leukemia. Seventeen cases were identified as classical FA because of their increased DEB sensitivity and G2 phase blockage. Five cases showed a cell cycle disturbance but only borderline DEB sensitivity. These cases might represent atypical or nonclassical forms of FA. They would have been missed by cell cycle studies without concomitant DEB testing. Used in conjunction, cytogenetic and flow cytometric testing provide for the currently optimal diagnosis of FA in nonleukemic patients.

scholarly journals Bin-Free Fitting of Probability Distributions Emphasizing DNA Histograms

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nash Rochman
Keyword(s):  
Cumulative Distribution Function ◽  
Probability Distributions ◽  
Cumulative Distribution ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Cell Synchronization ◽  
Approximate Probability ◽  
A Cell ◽  
The Right ◽  
Probability Density Function Pdf ◽  
Dna Histograms

AbstractIt is often challenging to find the right bin size when constructing a histogram to represent a noisy experimental data set. This problem is frequently faced when assessing whether a cell synchronization experiment was successful or not. In this case the goal is to determine whether the DNA content is best represented by a unimodal, indicating successful synchronization, or bimodal, indicating unsuccessful synchronization, distribution. This choice of bin size can greatly affect the interpretation of the results; however, it can be avoided by fitting the data to a cumulative distribution function (CDF). Fitting data to a CDF removes the need for bin size selection. The sorted data can also be used to reconstruct an approximate probability density function (PDF) without selecting a bin size. A simple CDF-based approach is presented and the benefits and drawbacks relative to usual methods are discussed.

A novel locus on canine chromosome 13 is associated with cataract in the Australian Shepherd breed of domestic dog

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 257-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sally L. Ricketts ◽  
Louise Pettitt ◽  
Bryan McLaughlin ◽  
Christopher A. Jenkins ◽  
Cathryn S. Mellersh
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Dog ◽  
Chromosome 13 ◽  
Canine Chromosome

scholarly journals Identification of Aneuploidy in Dogs Screened by a SNP Microarray

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa G Shaffer ◽  
Bradley Hopp ◽  
Marek Świtoński ◽  
Adam Zahand ◽  
Blake C Ballif
Keyword(s):  
Microarray Analysis ◽  
Copy Number ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Snp Array ◽  
Domestic Dog ◽  
Canine Chromosome ◽  
Disease Loci ◽  
Microarray Studies ◽  
Gains And Losses ◽  
Mosaic Trisomy

Abstract Microarray analysis is an efficient approach for screening and identifying cytogenetic imbalances in humans. SNP arrays, in particular, are a powerful way to identify copy number gains and losses representing aneuploidy and aneusomy, but moreover, allow for the direct assessment of individual genotypes in known disease loci. Using these approaches, trisomies, monosomies and mosaicism of whole chromosomes have been identified in human microarray studies. For canines, this approach is not widely used in clinical laboratory diagnostic practice. In our laboratory, we have implemented the use of a propriety SNP array that represents approximately 650,000 loci across the domestic dog genome. During the validation of this microarray prior to clinical use, we identified three cases of aneuploidy after screening 2,053 dogs of various breeds including monosomy X, trisomy X and an apparent, mosaic trisomy of canine chromosome 38 (CFA 38). This study represents the first use of microarrays for copy number evaluation to identify cytogenetic anomalies in canines. As microarray analysis becomes more routine in canine genetic testing, more cases of chromosome aneuploidy are likely to be uncovered.

scholarly journals The Ultrastructure of Macrophages in Granulomatous Colitis of Boxer Dogs

1975 ◽  
Vol 12 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 446-459 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. J. Van Kruiningen
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Cell Membrane ◽  
Residual Body ◽  
Infectious Agents ◽  
Granulomatous Colitis ◽  
Electron Densities ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Residual Bodies ◽  
Boxer Dogs

Thirteen cases of granulomatous colitis of Boxer dogs were studied by electron microscopy to define the contents of macrophages and to seek infectious agents. Macrophages were of three types. The most numerous were distended with residual bodies composed of membranes and parallel pairs of membranes, many arranged in circular patterns. A second common form had heterogeneous cytoplasm distended with phagosomes containing numerous small granular spheres of various sizes and electron densities. The least common were ‘young’ macrophages containing phagocytic vacuoles. Rare macrophages in four of 13 dogs contained bacteria. Macrophages in five of the dogs contained abundant coccoid, coccobacillary or lobulated granular structures, 100–500 nm in diameter, resembling chlamydia. Transition from phagocytic particle to phagosome to residual body was apparent. Granulomatous colitis of Boxer dogs is probably caused by a lipid-rich, ribosome-rich, coccoid to coccobacillary organism that possesses a cell membrane and sometimes a nucleoid, and ranges from 100 to 500 nm in size.

Synchronization of human lymphocyte cultures by fluorodeoxyuridine

1985 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 622-625 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. De Braekeleer ◽  
Marylinne Keushnig ◽  
C. C. Lin
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Human Lymphocyte ◽  
Simple Technique ◽  
S Phase ◽  
Human Chromosomes ◽  
Hoechst 33258 ◽  
Simultaneous Exposure ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Cell Synchronization ◽  
Lymphocyte Cultures

A simple technique for synchronization of human lymphocyte cultures with fluorodeoxyuridine (FudR) is presented. The S-phase block induced by the FudR is released by simultaneous exposure to 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) and Hoechst 33258 or by thymidine and Hoechst 33258. This method provides a high mitotic index with high percentage of prometaphase chromosomes. This simple method is highly advantageous and easy to utilize in clinical cytogenetics.Key words: fluorodeoxyuridine, high-resolution human chromosomes, cell synchronization, banding.

Characterization of different 5′-untranslated exons of theASIPgene in black-and-tan Doberman Pinscher and brindle Boxer dogs

2012 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 114-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberta Ciampolini ◽  
Francesca Cecchi ◽  
Andrea Spaterna ◽  
Assunta Bramante ◽  
Sylvia M. Bardet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Doberman Pinscher ◽  
Boxer Dogs
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