scholarly journals Identification of species adulteration in traded medicinal plant raw drugs using DNA barcoding

Genome ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stalin Nithaniyal ◽  
Sophie Lorraine Vassou ◽  
Sundar Poovitha ◽  
Balaji Raju ◽  
Madasamy Parani
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Alternative Medicine ◽  
Dna Barcoding ◽  
Species Identification ◽  
Dna Barcode ◽  
Regulatory Agencies ◽  
Vernacular Names ◽  
Identification Of Species ◽  
Whole Plants

Plants are the major source of therapeutic ingredients in complementary and alternative medicine (CAM). However, species adulteration in traded medicinal plant raw drugs threatens the reliability and safety of CAM. Since morphological features of medicinal plants are often not intact in the raw drugs, DNA barcoding was employed for species identification. Adulteration in 112 traded raw drugs was tested after creating a reference DNA barcode library consisting of 1452 rbcL and matK barcodes from 521 medicinal plant species. Species resolution of this library was 74.4%, 90.2%, and 93.0% for rbcL, matK, and rbcL + matK, respectively. DNA barcoding revealed adulteration in about 20% of the raw drugs, and at least 6% of them were derived from plants with completely different medicinal or toxic properties. Raw drugs in the form of dried roots, powders, and whole plants were found to be more prone to adulteration than rhizomes, fruits, and seeds. Morphological resemblance, co-occurrence, mislabeling, confusing vernacular names, and unauthorized or fraudulent substitutions might have contributed to species adulteration in the raw drugs. Therefore, this library can be routinely used to authenticate traded raw drugs for the benefit of all stakeholders: traders, consumers, and regulatory agencies.

DNA barcoding as an aid for species identification in austral black flies (Insecta: Diptera: Simuliidae)

Genome ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 348-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis M. Hernández-Triana ◽  
Fernanda Montes De Oca ◽  
Sean W.J. Prosser ◽  
Paul D.N. Hebert ◽  
T. Ryan Gregory ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Barcoding ◽  
Species Identification ◽  
Dna Barcode ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Coi Gene ◽  
Black Flies ◽  
Cryptic Diversity ◽  
Dna Barcodes ◽  
Identification Of Species ◽  
Species Groups

In this paper, the utility of a partial sequence of the COI gene, the DNA barcoding region, for the identification of species of black flies in the austral region was assessed. Twenty-eight morphospecies were analyzed: eight of the genus Austrosimulium (four species in the subgenus Austrosimulium s. str., three species in the subgenus Novaustrosimulium, and one species unassigned to subgenus), two of the genus Cnesia, eight of Gigantodax, three of Paracnephia, one of Paraustrosimulium, and six of Simulium (subgenera Morops, Nevermannia, and Pternaspatha). The neighbour-joining tree derived from the DNA barcode sequences grouped most specimens according to species or species groups recognized by morphotaxonomic studies. Intraspecific sequence divergences within morphologically distinct species ranged from 0% to 1.8%, while higher divergences (2%–4.2%) in certain species suggested the presence of cryptic diversity. The existence of well-defined groups within S. simile revealed the likely inclusion of cryptic diversity. DNA barcodes also showed that specimens identified as C. dissimilis, C. nr. pussilla, and C. ornata might be conspecific, suggesting possible synonymy. DNA barcoding combined with a sound morphotaxonomic framework would provide an effective approach for the identification of black flies in the region.

scholarly journals DNA Barcoding of Selected Medicinal Plant Species from Jordan Using matK, rbcL, and rpoC1 Genes

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 376-411
Author(s):  
Almuthanna K. Alkaraki ◽  
Maisam A. Aldmoor ◽  
Jamil N. Lahham ◽  
Shreen D. Nusair
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Dna Barcoding ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Dna Barcode ◽  
Dead Sea ◽  
Medicinal Plant Species ◽  
Bioinformatic Tools ◽  
Plant Samples

Medicinal plants play an essential role in preventing and treating several diseases. Classical taxonomic tools generally carry out medicinal plant identification and characterization. Unfortunately, conventional methods need well-trained taxonomists and could give a false identity for closely related species. Jordanian flora is rich in a variety of plant species. The phylogeographic architecture of Jordanian medicinal plant samples was not explored yet. This study aims to recruit DNA barcoding using matK, rbcL, and rpoC1 genes to identify different selected medicinal plants species from Jordan. These are Maerua crassifolia, Ziziphus spina-christi, Balanites aegyptiaca, Senna italica, and Moringa peregrina. Plant samples were collected from the Dead Sea area (Jordan), and three DNA barcode regions were amplified, sequenced, and analyzed using different bioinformatic tools. Twelve sequences were obtained and deposited in Genbank . These sequences showed a very good discrimination capacity with sequences retrieved from related species. The phylogenetic analysis illustrated that DNA barcoding could successfully identify the selected medicinal plant species using different chloroplast genes (rbcL, matK, and rpoC1). Further analysis for other plants species is recommended to explore the genetic relationship and the phylogeographic architecture for Jordanian flora.

Use of molecular methods in identification of species, age and sex of insects useful in forensic entomology

2014 ◽  
Vol 286 ◽  
pp. 66-69
Author(s):  
Joanna Stojak ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Barcoding ◽  
Species Identification ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Forensic Entomology ◽  
Sex Identification ◽  
The Body ◽  
Molecular Methods ◽  
Insect Larvae ◽  
Identification Of Species ◽  
Age And Sex

Forensic entomology uses insects to determine the time, cause and place of death. To this end, two entomological methods are used. The development-based method uses the patterns of insect larvae development under the specific thermal and environmental conditions. The succession-based method analyzes the sequence of insect succession on the body in various environmental conditions. The proper insect species identification is essential in both methods. In this article, the molecular methods of species, age and sex identification are presented such as DNA barcoding or DNA-HRM-PCR.

Basotho Medicinal Plants Second Edition - Meriana ya dimela tsa Basotho Kgatiso ya Bobedi

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodney Moffett
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Indigenous Knowledge ◽  
Comprehensive List ◽  
Vernacular Names ◽  
Plant Use ◽  
Vice Chancellor ◽  
University Of Technology ◽  
Cape Peninsula ◽  
Plant Uses

As a Mosotho I believe this publication assists in documenting the deep indigenous knowledge of our forefathers and helps preserve the proud tradition of the Basotho Nation. Dr Chris Nhlapo Vice-Chancellor, Cape Peninsula University of Technology This publication is an important contribution to the documentation of medicinal plant use by the Basotho. It contains a comprehensive list of known medicinal plants, their up-to-date scientific names, their vernacular names, as well as their uses. This book will appeal to experts, as well as to readers who are unfamiliar with traditional medicinal plant uses. Professor Ntsamaeeng Moteetee Department of Botany and Plant Technology, University of Johannesburg

Species identification of the medicinal plant Tulipa edulis (Liliaceae) by DNA barcode marker

2014 ◽  
Vol 55 ◽  
pp. 362-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong-liang Ma ◽  
Zai-biao Zhu ◽  
Xiao-ming Zhang ◽  
Yuan-yuan Miao ◽  
Qiao-sheng Guo
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Species Identification ◽  
Dna Barcode

scholarly journals Multi-locus DNA barcoding identifies matK as a suitable marker for species identification in Hibiscus L.

Genome ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 59 (12) ◽  
pp. 1150-1156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sundar Poovitha ◽  
Nithaniyal Stalin ◽  
Raju Balaji ◽  
Madasamy Parani
Keyword(s):  
Dna Barcoding ◽  
Species Identification ◽  
Dna Barcode ◽  
Species Differentiation ◽  
Molecular Method ◽  
Peninsular India ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Medicinal Value ◽  
Formed Part ◽  
Suitable Marker

The genus Hibiscus L. includes several taxa of medicinal value and species used for the extraction of natural dyes. These applications require the use of authentic plant materials. DNA barcoding is a molecular method for species identification, which helps in reliable authentication by using one or more DNA barcode marker. In this study, we have collected 44 accessions, representing 16 species of Hibiscus, distributed in the southern peninsular India, to evaluate the discriminatory power of the two core barcodes rbcLa and matK together with the suggested additional regions trnH-psbA and ITS2. No intraspecies divergence was observed among the accessions studied. Interspecies divergence was 0%–9.6% with individual markers, which increased to 0%–12.5% and 0.8%–20.3% when using two- and three-marker combinations, respectively. Differentiation of all the species of Hibiscus was possible with the matK DNA barcode marker. Also, in two-marker combinations, only those combinations with matK differentiated all the species. Though all the three-marker combinations showed 100% species differentiation, species resolution was consistently better when the matK marker formed part of the combination. These results clearly showed that matK is more suitable when compared to rbcLa, trnH-psbA, and ITS2 for species identification in Hibiscus.

scholarly journals MinION-Based DNA Barcoding of Preserved and Non-Invasively Collected Wildlife Samples

Genes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adeline Seah ◽  
Marisa C.W. Lim ◽  
Denise McAloose ◽  
Stefan Prost ◽  
Tracie A. Seimon
Keyword(s):  
Dna Barcoding ◽  
Species Identification ◽  
Wildlife Conservation ◽  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Dna Barcode ◽  
Bioinformatics Pipeline ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Consensus Sequences ◽  
Sequencing Errors ◽  
Fresh Frozen

The ability to sequence a variety of wildlife samples with portable, field-friendly equipment will have significant impacts on wildlife conservation and health applications. However, the only currently available field-friendly DNA sequencer, the MinION by Oxford Nanopore Technologies, has a high error rate compared to standard laboratory-based sequencing platforms and has not been systematically validated for DNA barcoding accuracy for preserved and non-invasively collected tissue samples. We tested whether various wildlife sample types, field-friendly methods, and our clustering-based bioinformatics pipeline, SAIGA, can be used to generate consistent and accurate consensus sequences for species identification. Here, we systematically evaluate variation in cytochrome b sequences amplified from scat, hair, feather, fresh frozen liver, and formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) liver. Each sample was processed by three DNA extraction protocols. For all sample types tested, the MinION consensus sequences matched the Sanger references with 99.29%–100% sequence similarity, even for samples that were difficult to amplify, such as scat and FFPE tissue extracted with Chelex resin. Sequencing errors occurred primarily in homopolymer regions, as identified in previous MinION studies. We demonstrate that it is possible to generate accurate DNA barcode sequences from preserved and non-invasively collected wildlife samples using portable MinION sequencing, creating more opportunities to apply portable sequencing technology for species identification.

Species Delimitation of Scavenger Flies in the Valley of Mexico

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Pedraza-Lara ◽  
Marco A Garduño-Sánchez ◽  
Isabel Téllez-García ◽  
Stephany Rodríguez-González ◽  
Eduardo Nuple-Juárez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Dna Barcoding ◽  
Species Delimitation ◽  
Nature Reserve ◽  
New Records ◽  
Dna Barcode ◽  
Coi Gene ◽  
Baseline Knowledge ◽  
Identification Of Species ◽  
Diverse Groups

Abstract Identification of species involved in cadaveric decomposition, such as scavenger Diptera, is a fundamental step for the use of entomological evidence in court. Identification based on morphology is widely used in forensic cases; however, taxonomic knowledge of scavenger fauna is poor for many groups and for many countries, particularly Neotropical ones. A number of studies have documented the utility of a DNA barcoding strategy to assist in the identification of poorly known and diverse groups, particularly in cases involving immature states or fragmented organisms. To provide baseline knowledge of the diversity of scavenger Diptera in the Valley of Mexico, we generated a DNA barcode collection comprised of sequences of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI) gene for all families sampled at a nature reserve located in this region. We collected and identified specimens on the basis of morphology and a species delimitation analysis. Our analyses of 339 individuals delineated 42 species distributed across nine families of Diptera. The richest families were Calliphoridae (9 species), Sarcophagidae (7 species), and Phoridae (6 species). We found many of the species previously recorded for the Valley of Mexico, plus 18 new records for the region. Our study highlights the utility of DNA barcoding as a first-step strategy to assess species richness of poorly studied scavenger fly taxa.

scholarly journals DNA Barcoding Analysis and Phylogenetic Relation of Mangroves in Guangdong Province, China

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Wu ◽  
Mei Li ◽  
Baowen Liao ◽  
Xin Shi ◽  
Yong Xu
Keyword(s):  
Dna Barcoding ◽  
Species Identification ◽  
Dna Barcode ◽  
Phylogenetic Reconstruction ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Guangdong Province ◽  
Nuclear Ribosomal Dna ◽  
Success Rates ◽  
Mangrove Species ◽  
Identification Rate

Mangroves are distributed in the transition zone between sea and land, mostly in tropical and subtropical areas. They provide important ecosystem services and are therefore economically valuable. DNA barcoding is a useful tool for species identification and phylogenetic reconstruction. To evaluate the effectiveness of DNA barcoding in identifying mangrove species, we sampled 135 individuals representing 23 species, 22 genera, and 17 families from Zhanjiang, Shenzhen, Huizhou, and Shantou in the Guangdong province, China. We tested the universality of four DNA barcodes, namely rbcL, matK, trnH-psbA, and the internal transcribed spacer of nuclear ribosomal DNA (ITS), and examined their efficacy for species identification and the phylogenetic reconstruction of mangroves. The success rates for PCR amplification of rbcL, matK, trnH-psbA, and ITS were 100%, 80.29% ± 8.48%, 99.38% ± 1.25%, and 97.18% ± 3.25%, respectively, and the rates of DNA sequencing were 100%, 75.04% ± 6.26%, 94.57% ± 5.06%, and 83.35% ± 4.05%, respectively. These results suggest that both rbcL and trnH–psbA are universal in mangrove species from the Guangdong province. The highest success rate for species identification was 84.48% ± 12.09% with trnH-psbA, followed by rbcL (82.16% ± 9.68%), ITS (66.48% ± 5.97%), and matK (65.09% ± 6.00%), which increased to 91.25% ± 9.78% with the addition of rbcL. Additionally, the identification rate of mangroves was not significantly different between rbcL + trnH-psbA and other random fragment combinations. In conclusion, rbcL and trnH-psbA were the most suitable DNA barcode fragments for species identification in mangrove plants. When the phylogenetic relationships were constructed with random fragment combinations, the optimal evolutionary tree with high supporting values (86.33% ± 4.16%) was established using the combination of matK + rbcL + trnH-psbA + ITS in mangroves. In total, the 476 newly acquired sequences in this study lay the foundation for a DNA barcode database of mangroves.

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