The physiological effects of pre-event and midevent cooling during intermittent running in the heat in elite female soccer players

2009 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 942-949 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Price ◽  
Craig Boyd ◽  
Victoria L. Goosey-Tolfrey
Keyword(s):  
Heat Storage ◽  
Intermittent Exercise ◽  
Thermal Strain ◽  
Rest Period ◽  
Exercise Bout ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Match Play ◽  
Cooling Strategies ◽  
Skin Temperatures ◽  
Simulated Match

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of both pre-exercise and combined pre-exercise and midexercise cooling strategies during simulated match play in elite female soccer players in the heat. Eight elite female soccer players performed two 45 min periods of intermittent running separated by 15 min seated rest on 3 separate occasions (30.6 ± 0.2 °C, 63.4 ± 2.5% relative humidity). Participants undertook a no-cooling (CON) or ice-vest cooling for 20 min pre-exercise (PRE) or both pre-exercise and during the 15 min rest period (PRE+MID). Rectal temperature (Tre), skin temperatures, and heart rate were monitored continuously. Mean skin temperature (TMS) and heat storage were calculated. Significant interactions (trial × time) were observed for the change in Tre from rest, TMS, and heat storage (p < 0.05). The change in Tre from rest was greater during CON when compared with PRE and PRE+MID from 35 min until the end of exercise (p < 0.05). When compared with CON (p < 0.05), TMS was lower after precooling (PRE and PRE+MID) and during the 15 min rest period and the first 5 min of the second exercise bout for PRE+MID. Heat storage was also lower after precooling (PRE and PRE+MID) (p < 0.05) and from 60 min until the end of exercise for PRE+MID (p < 0.05) and until 85 min and again at 95 min during PRE (p < 0.05). The results of this study suggest that both cooling strategies were effective in reducing thermal strain during intermittent exercise in the heat. However, PRE+MID cooling was more effective than PRE cooling in offsetting heat storage.

Effect of Sodium Bicarbonate and Beta-Alanine on Repeated Sprints During Intermittent Exercise Performed in Hypoxia

2014 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 196-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryan Saunders ◽  
Craig Sale ◽  
Roger C. Harris ◽  
Caroline Sunderland
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Bicarbonate ◽  
Performance Measures ◽  
Intermittent Exercise ◽  
Buffering Capacity ◽  
Match Play ◽  
Repeated Sprints ◽  
Beta Alanine ◽  
Type Of Exercise ◽  
Treadmill Protocol ◽  
Simulated Match

Purpose:To investigate the separate and combined effects of sodium bicarbonate and beta-alanine supplementation on repeated sprints during simulated match play performed in hypoxia.Methods:Study A: 20 recreationally active participants performed two trials following acute supplementation with either sodium bicarbonate (0.3 g·kg−1BM) or placebo (maltodextrin). Study B: 16 recreationally active participants were supplemented with either a placebo or beta-alanine for 5 weeks (6.4 g·day−1 for 4 weeks, 3.2 g·day−1 for 1 week), and performed one trial before supplementation (with maltodextrin) and two following supplementation (with sodium bicarbonate and maltodextrin). Trials consisted of 3 sets of 5 × 6 s repeated sprints performed during a football specific intermittent treadmill protocol performed in hypoxia (15.5% O2). Mean (MPO) and peak (PPO) power output were recorded as the performance measures.Results:Study A: Overall MPO was lower with sodium bicarbonate than placebo (p = .02, 539.4 ± 84.5 vs. 554.0 ± 84.6 W), although there was no effect across sets (all p > .05). Study B: There was no effect of beta-alanine, or cosupplementation with sodium bicarbonate, on either parameter, although there was a trend toward higher MPO with sodium bicarbonate (p = .07).Conclusions:The effect of sodium bicarbonate on repeated sprints was equivocal, although there was no effect of beta-alanine or cosupplementation with sodium bicarbonate. Individual variation may have contributed to differences in results with sodium bicarbonate, although the lack of an effect with beta-alanine suggests this type of exercise may not be influenced by increased buffering capacity.

Chronic Beetroot Juice Supplementation Accelerates Recovery Kinetics following Simulated Match Play in Soccer Players

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wael Daab ◽  
Mohamed Amine Bouzid ◽  
Mehdi Lajri ◽  
Mustapha Bouchiba ◽  
Mohamed Ali Saafi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soccer Players ◽  
Beetroot Juice ◽  
Match Play ◽  
Simulated Match

scholarly journals The Effects of 120 Minutes of Simulated Match Play on Indices of Acid-Base Balance in Professional Academy Soccer Players

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 1517-1524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liam D. Harper ◽  
Tom Clifford ◽  
Marc A. Briggs ◽  
Ged McNamee ◽  
Daniel J. West ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soccer Players ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Match Play ◽  
Base Balance ◽  
Simulated Match

Sustained Passing Performance of Elite and Subelite Female Soccer Players Following a Female Match-Specific Exercise Protocol

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Mikayla J. Lyons ◽  
Jennifer Conlon ◽  
Amy Perejmibida ◽  
Paola Chivers ◽  
Christopher Joyce
Keyword(s):  
High Intensity ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Intermittent Exercise ◽  
Test List ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Training Methods ◽  
Exercise Protocol ◽  
Match Play ◽  
Performance Times ◽  
Female Specific

Purpose: This study examined the maintenance of passing performance following soccer-specific high-intensity intermittent exercise in elite (n = 9) and subelite (n = 11) Western Australian female soccer players (19.5 [2.5] y). Methods: A total of 20 participants completed the Loughborough Soccer Passing Test (LSPT) prior to, during, and following 90 minutes of a modified, female-specific, individualized exercise protocol (Loughborough Intermittent Shuttle Test [LIST]) to simulate 2 halves of a soccer match. Performance in the LSPT was calculated by adding “raw time” to the accumulated “penalty time” for each test. Results: Elite players recorded greater distances (t58 = 4.671, P < .001, effect size [ES] = 1.21) and higher derived VO2max values (t58 = 4.715, P < .001, ES = 1.20) for the LIST exercise protocol over the subelite players. The total performance times for each LSPT were longer in the subelites in comparison with the elites, with a very large ES difference seen in post-LIST1 (t18 = −6.64, P < .001, ES = 2.99) and post-LIST2 (t18 = −9.143, P < .001, ES = 4.12). No between-groups differences were identified for “raw time” at any time point. Hence, all reported LSPT performance differences are attributed to “penalty time.” Conclusion: These data suggest that elite players can sustain their passing performance more efficiently throughout match play that can subelite female soccer players. These findings may contribute to future talent-identification testing by helping to distinguish between elite- and subelite-level players through sustained passing performance. Coaches may also use this information to better inform best-practice training methods through modification of male soccer-specific high-intensity intermittent exercise to a female cohort.

scholarly journals The effects of an increased calorie breakfast consumed prior to simulated match-play in Academy soccer players

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
pp. 858-866 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc A. Briggs ◽  
Liam D. Harper ◽  
Ged McNamee ◽  
Emma Cockburn ◽  
Penny L.S. Rumbold ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soccer Players ◽  
Match Play ◽  
Simulated Match

scholarly journals Peptide glutamine supplementation for tolerance of intermittent exercise in soccer players

Clinics ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra Favano ◽  
Paulo Roberto Santos-Silva ◽  
Eduardo Yoshio Nakano ◽  
André Pedrinelli ◽  
Arnaldo José Hernandez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intermittent Exercise ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Glutamine Supplementation

Reliability and Construct Validity of Yo-Yo Tests in Untrained and Soccer-Trained Schoolgirls Aged 9–16

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 321-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susana C. A. Póvoas ◽  
Carlo Castagna ◽  
José Manuel da Costa Soares ◽  
Pedro Silva ◽  
Manuel Coelho-e-Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Construct Validity ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Intermittent Exercise ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Confidence Limits ◽  
Peak Heart Rate ◽  
Level 1 ◽  
Level 2

Purpose:The reliability and construct validity of three age-adapted-intensity Yo-Yo tests were evaluated in untrained (n = 67) vs. soccer-trained (n = 65) 9- to 16-year-old schoolgirls.Methods:Tests were performed 7 days apart for reliability (9- to 11-year-old: Yo-Yo intermittent recovery level 1 children’s test; 12- to 13-yearold: Yo-Yo intermittent endurance level 1; and 14- to 16-year-old: Yo-Yo intermittent endurance level 2).Results:Yo-Yo distance covered was 40% (776 ± 324 vs. 556 ± 156 m), 85% (1252 ± 484 vs. 675 ± 252 m) and 138% (674 ± 336 vs. 283 ± 66 m) greater (p ≤ .010) for the soccer-trained than for the untrained girls aged 9–11, 12–13 and 14–16 years, respectively. Typical errors of measurement for Yo-Yo distance covered, expressed as a percentage of the coefficient of variation (confidence limits), were 10.1% (8.1–13.7%), 11.0% (8.6–15.4%) and 11.6% (9.2–16.1%) for soccer players, and 11.5% (9.1–15.8%), 14.1% (11.0–19.8%) and 10.6% (8.5–14.2%) for untrained girls, aged 9–11, 12–13 and 14–16, respectively. Intraclass correlation coefficient values for test-retest were excellent (0.795–0.973) in both groups. No significant differences were observed in relative exercise peak heart rate (%HRpeak) between groups during test and retest.Conclusion:The Yo-Yo tests are reliable for determining intermittent-exercise capacity and %HRpeak for soccer players and untrained 9- to 16-year-old girls. They also possess construct validity with better performances for soccer players compared with untrained age-matched girls, despite similar %HRpeak.

scholarly journals Musculoskeletal Screening Tests and Bony Hip Morphology Cannot Identify Male Professional Soccer Players at Risk of Groin Injuries: A 2-Year Prospective Cohort Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 1294-1305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea B. Mosler ◽  
Adam Weir ◽  
Andreas Serner ◽  
Rintje Agricola ◽  
Cristiano Eirale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Groin Pain ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Radiographic Examination ◽  
Match Play ◽  
Professional Soccer ◽  
Hip Morphology ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Mean

Background: Musculoskeletal hip/groin screening tests are commonly performed to detect at-risk individuals. Bony hip morphology is considered a potential intrinsic risk factor but has not been examined prospectively. Purpose: To evaluate the association between intrinsic risk factors identified from musculoskeletal and radiographic screening tests and hip/groin injuries leading to time loss from training and/or match play in professional male soccer players. Study Design: Prospective cohort study; Level of evidence, 2. Methods: Male professional soccer players, aged ≥18 years, underwent screening specific for hip/groin pain during 2 consecutive seasons of the Qatar Stars League. The screening battery included pain provocation, range of motion, and strength tests as well as a hip radiographic examination. The radiographic examination included an anteroposterior pelvic view and 45° Dunn view, with bony hip morphology determined using quantitative methods. Time-loss (≥1 day) hip/groin injuries and individual player exposure (training and match play) were recorded prospectively, and injuries were categorized as adductor-related, inguinal-related, iliopsoas-related, pubic-related, or hip-related groin pain, or “other,” as recommended in the Doha agreement. We calculated hazard ratios (HRs) from univariate and multivariate Cox regression models to assess the relationship between potential risk factors and hip/groin injuries. Results: There were 438 players, completing 609 player seasons, and 113 hip/groin injuries that met the criteria for inclusion, with 85 injuries categorized as adductor-related. The proportion of players with bony morphological variants was the following: cam, 71%; pincer, 5%; and acetabular dysplasia, 13%. Previous hip/groin injuries (HR, 1.8; 95% CI, 1.2-2.7) and eccentric adduction strength were associated with the risk of hip/groin injuries. Higher (>1 SD above the mean) than normal eccentric adduction strength was associated with an increased risk for all hip/groin injuries (HR, 1.6; 95% CI, 1.0-2.5). Lower (<1 SD below the mean) than normal eccentric adduction strength was associated with an increased risk for adductor-related injuries (HR, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.0-3.0). No other musculoskeletal screening test or bony hip morphology variables were associated with the injury risk. Conclusion: Previous groin injuries and eccentric adduction strength were associated with the risk of groin injuries. However, these associations were not strong enough to identify an “at-risk” individual, and therefore, musculoskeletal screening tests were not useful to dictate individualized prevention strategies. Bony hip morphology was not associated with the risk of groin injuries.

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